scholarly journals Effect of a booster-dose of rabies vaccine on the duration of virus neutralizing antibody titers in bovines

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avelino Albas ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Pardo ◽  
Albério Antonio Barros Gomes ◽  
Fernanda Bernardi ◽  
Fumio Honma Ito
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Antibody Titers

Humoral immune response using inactivated rabies vaccine was studied in 35 nelore cross-bred bovines of western region of São Paulo state. Ninety days after vaccination, 13 (92.8%) animals presented titers 30.5IU/ml, through mouse neutralization test. After 180 days, 9 (64.3%) sera showed titers 30.5IU/ml, after 270 days, only one (7.1%) showed a titer of 0.51IU/ml, and after 360 days, all animals showed titers < 0.5IU/ml. Group of animals receiving booster dose 30 days after vaccination presented, two months after, all with titers > 0.5IU/ml. At 180 days, 17 (80.9%) sera presented titers > 0.5IU/ml; at 270 days, 15 (71.4%), with titers 30.5IU/ml and at 360 days, 4 (19.0%), with titers 30.5IU/ml. Booster-dose ensured high levels of neutralizing antibodies for at least three months, and 240 days after revaccination, 71.4% of animals were found with titers 30.5IU/ml.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökce Nur Cagatay ◽  
Denise Meyer ◽  
Michael Wendt ◽  
Paul Becher ◽  
Alexander Postel
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Congenital Tremor

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widely distributed pathogen causing congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. So far, no data are available regarding the humoral immune response against APPV. In this study, piglets and their sows from an affected herd were tested longitudinally for viral genome and antibodies. APPV genome was detected in the majority of the piglets (14/15) from CT affected litters. Transient infection of gilts was observed. Kinetics of Erns- and E2-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity were determined by recently (Erns) and newly (E2) developed antibody ELISAs and virus neutralization assays. Putative maternally derived antibodies (MDA) were detected in most piglets, but displayed only low to moderate neutralizing capacity (ND50 ≤ 112). Horizontal APPV transmission occurred when uninfected and infected piglets were mingled on the flat deck. Horizontally infected piglets were clinically inapparent and showed only transient viremia with subsequently consistently high E2 antibody levels. For piglets from CT affected litters, significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers were observed. Results indicate that E2 represents the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Characterization of the humoral immune response against APPV will help to provide valuable serological diagnosis, to understand the epidemiology of this novel pathogen, and to implement tailored prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Peptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wu ◽  
Zhixian Lin ◽  
Jinsen Wu ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
Hongxia Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, is one of the most important poultry pathogens worldwide due to its multiple serotypes and poor cross-protection. Vaccination plays a vital role in controlling the disease. The efficacy of vaccination in chicken flocks can be evaluated by detecting neutralizing antibodies with the neutralization test. However there are no simple and rapid methods for detecting the neutralizing antibodies. Results In this study, a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA) as a possible alternative to the neutralization test for evaluating the immune response to IBV vaccine was developed. The pELISA could indirect evaluate neutralizing antibody titers against different types of IBV in all tested sera. The titers measured with the pELISA had a coefficient of 0.83 for neutralizing antibody titers. Conclusions The pELISA could detect antibodies against different types of IBV in all tested sera. The pELISA has the potential to evaluate samples for IBV-specific neutralizing antibodies and surveillance the infection of IBV.

scholarly journals Measurement over 1 Year of Neutralizing Antibodies in Cattle Immunized with Trivalent Vaccines Recombinant Alpha, Beta and Epsilon of Clostridium perfringens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Cleideanny C. Galvão ◽  
José D. Barbosa ◽  
Carlos M. C. Oliveira ◽  
Denis Y. Otaka ◽  
Paulo R. O. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Production Animals

The alpha (CPA), beta (CPB) and epsilon (ETX) toxins of Clostridium perfringens are responsible for causing diseases that are difficult to eradicate and have lethal potential in production animals. Vaccination of herds is still the best control strategy. Recombinant clostridial vaccines have shown good success at inducing neutralizing antibody titers and appear to be a viable alternative to the conventional production of commercial clostridial toxoids. Research is still needed on the longevity of the humoral immune response induced by recombinant proteins in immunized animals, preferably in target species. The objective of this study was to measure the humoral immune response of cattle immunized with trivalent vaccines containing the recombinant proteins alpha (rCPA), beta (rCPB) and epsilon (rETX) of C. perfringens produced in Escherichia coli at three different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 µg) of each protein for 12 months. The recombinant vaccines containing 200 (RV2) and 400 µg (RV3) yielded statistically similar results at 56 days. They performed better throughout the study period because they induced higher neutralizing antibody titers and were detectable for up to 150 and 180 days, respectively. Regarding industrial-scale production, RV2 would be the most economical and viable formulation as it achieved results similar to RV3 at half the concentration of recombinant proteins in its formulation. However, none of the vaccines tested induced the production of detectable antibody titers on day 365 of the experiment, the time of revaccination typically recommended in vaccination protocols. Thus, reiterating the need for research in the field of vaccinology to achieve greater longevity of the humoral immune response against these clostridial toxins in animals, in addition to the need to discuss the vaccine schedules and protocols adopted in cattle production.

scholarly journals Titers of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Are Independent of Symptoms of Non-Severe COVID-19 in Young Adults

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Hulda R. Jonsdottir ◽  
Michel Bielecki ◽  
Denise Siegrist ◽  
Thomas W. Buehrer ◽  
Roland Züst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers

Neutralizing antibodies are an important part of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It is currently unclear to what extent such antibodies are produced after non-severe disease or asymptomatic infection. We studied a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections among a homogeneous population of 332 predominantly male Swiss soldiers and determined the neutralizing antibody response with a serum neutralization assay using a recombinant SARS-CoV-2-GFP. All patients with non-severe COVID-19 showed a swift humoral response within two weeks after the onset of symptoms, which remained stable for the duration of the study. One month after the outbreak, titers in COVID-19 convalescents did not differ from the titers of asymptomatically infected individuals. Furthermore, symptoms of COVID-19 did not correlate with neutralizing antibody titers. Therefore, we conclude that asymptomatic infection can induce the same humoral immunity as non-severe COVID-19 in young adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 serological assays in a longitudinal cohort of mild COVID-19 patients: sensitivity, specificity and association with virus neutralization test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Bal ◽  
Bruno Pozzetto ◽  
Mary-Anne Trabaud ◽  
Vanessa Escuret ◽  
Muriel Rabilloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundThe association between SARS-CoV-2 commercial serological assays and virus neutralization test (VNT) has been poorly explored in mild COVID-19 patients.MethodsA total of 439 serum specimens were longitudinally collected from 76 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The sensitivity (determined weekly) of nine commercial serological assays were evaluated. Specificity was assessed using 69 pre-pandemic sera. Correlation, agreement and concordance with the VNT were also assessed on a subset of 170 samples. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated at several neutralizing antibody titers.ResultsThe Wantai Total Ab assay targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S protein presented the best sensitivity at different times during the course of disease. The specificity was greater than 95% for all tests except for the Euroimmun IgA assay. The overall agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 62.2% (95%CI; 56.0-68.1) for bioMérieux IgM to 91.2% (87.0-94.2) for Siemens. The lowest negative percent agreement (NPA) was found with the Wantai Total Ab assay (NPA 33% (21.1-48.3)). The NPA for other total Ab or IgG assays targeting the S or the RBD was 80.7% (66.7-89.7), 90.3 (78.1-96.1) and 96.8% (86.8-99.3) for Siemens, bioMérieux IgG and DiaSorin, respectively. None of commercial assays have sufficient performance to detect a neutralizing titer of 80 (AUC<0.76).ConclusionsAlthough some assays presented a better agreement with VNT than others, the present findings emphasize that commercialized serological tests including those targeting the RBD cannot substitute a VNT for the assessment of functional antibody response.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Humoral Immune Response against Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Is Related to Its Internal Genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Y. Lee ◽  
Houshun Zhu ◽  
Anna J. X. Zhang ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Pui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTInfluenza A(H7N9) virus pneumonia is associated with a high case fatality rate in humans. Multiple viral factors have been postulated to account for the high virulence of the virus. It has been reported that patients with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection have relatively low titers of neutralizing antibodies compared to those with seasonal influenza virus infections. In this study, we compared serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) antibody titers of mice challenged with wild-type A(H7N9) viruses [H7N9(Anhui) and H7N9(Zhejiang)], an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus [pH1N1(2009)], and a recombinant A(H7N9) virus with PR8/H1N1 internal genes (rg-PR8-H7-N9). All mice infected by H7N9(Anhui) and H7N9(Zhejiang) developed serum HI antibodies at 14 days postinfection (dpi) but no detectable MN antibodies, even at 28 dpi. A low level of neutralizing activity was detected in H7N9(Anhui)- and H7N9(Zhejiang)-infected mice using fluorescent focus MN assay, but convalescent-phase serum samples obtained from H7N9(Anhui)-infected mice did not reduce the mortality of naive mice after homologous virus challenge. Reinfection with homologous A(H7N9) virus induced higher HI and MN titers than first infection. In contrast, pH1N1(2009) virus infection induced robust HI and MN antibody responses, even during the first infection. Moreover, rg-PR8-H7-N9 induced significantly higher HI and MN antibody titers than H7N9(Zhejiang). In conclusion, the internal genes of A(H7N9) virus can affect the humoral immune response against homologous viral surface proteins, which may also contribute to the virulence of A(H7N9) virus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 serological assays in a longitudinal cohort of patients with mild COVID-19: clinical sensitivity, specificity and association with virus neutralization test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Bal ◽  
Bruno Pozzetto ◽  
Mary-Anne Trabaud ◽  
Vanessa Escuret ◽  
Muriel Rabilloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background The association between SARS-CoV-2 commercial serological assays and virus neutralization test (VNT) has been poorly explored in mild patients with COVID-19. Methods 439 serum specimens were longitudinally collected from 76 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The clinical sensitivity (determined weekly) of nine commercial serological assays were evaluated. Clinical specificity was assessed using 69 pre-pandemic sera. Correlation, agreement and concordance with the VNT were also assessed on a subset of 170 samples. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated at 2 neutralizing antibody titers. Results The Wantai Total Ab assay targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S protein presented the best sensitivity at different times during the course of disease. The clinical specificity was greater than 95% for all tests except for the Euroimmun IgA assay. The overall agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 62.2% (95%CI; 56.0-68.1) for bioMérieux IgM to 91.2% (87.0-94.2) for Siemens. The lowest negative percent agreement (NPA) was found with the Wantai Total Ab assay (NPA 33% (21.1-48.3)). The NPA for other total Ab or IgG assays targeting the S or the RBD was 80.7% (66.7-89.7), 90.3 (78.1-96.1) and 96.8% (86.8-99.3) for Siemens, bioMérieux IgG and DiaSorin, respectively. None of commercial assays have sufficient performance to detect a neutralizing titer of 80 (AUC&lt;0.76). Conclusions Although some assays show a better agreement with VNT than others, the present findings emphasize that commercialized serological tests including those targeting the RBD cannot substitute a VNT for the assessment of functional antibody response.

scholarly journals Differential serological and neutralizing antibody dynamics after an infection by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Billon-Denis ◽  
Audrey Ferrier-Rembert ◽  
Annabelle Garnier ◽  
Laurence Cheutin ◽  
Clarisse Vigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Abstract BackgroundWe report here the case of two coworkers infected by the same SARS-CoV-2 strain, presenting two different immunological outcomes. CaseOne patient presented a strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response correlated with a low and rapidly decreasing titer of neutralizing antibodies. The other patient had similar strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response but high neutralizing antibody titers. Discussion and ConclusionThus, host individual factors may be the main drivers of the immune response varying with age and clinical severity.

scholarly journals Receptor-binding domain recombinant protein RBD219-N1C1 on alum-CpG induces broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Pollet ◽  
Ulrich Strych ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Leroy Versteeg ◽  
Brian Keegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Formulation ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

We conducted preclinical studies in mice using a yeast-produced SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1 subunit vaccine candidate formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG deoxynucleotides. This vaccine formulation is similar to one that entered advanced phase 3 clinical development in India. We compared the immune response of mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum to mice vaccinated with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG. We also evaluated mice immunized with RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG and boosted with RBD219-N1C1/alum. Mice were immunized twice intramuscularly at a 21-day interval. Compared to two doses of the RBD219-N1C1/alum formulation, the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine induced a stronger and more balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response, with high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the original Wuhan isolate of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.1 (Kappa) variants. Notably, the sera from mice that received two 7 μg doses of RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG showed more than 18 times higher neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.351, than the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin NIBSC 20/136. Interestingly, a booster dose did not require the addition of CpG to induce this effect. The data reported here reinforces that the RBD219-N1C1/alum+CpG vaccine formulation is suitable for inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 including three variants of concern, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa).

scholarly journals Presence and short-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Annen ◽  
Thomas E Morrison ◽  
Melkon G DomBourian ◽  
Mary K McCarthy ◽  
Leah Huey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Focus Reduction

In March 2020, the FDA approved the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as an investigational new drug for treatment of COVID-19. Since then, collection of CCP from COVID-19 recovered patients has been implemented in several donor centers across the country. Childrens Hospital Colorado rapidly put into practice a CCP collection protocol, necessitating the development and implementation of assays to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CCP units. We evaluated 87 separate units of CCP collected from 36 donors over two to four sequential donations using both antigen-binding assays for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and spike antigens, and a live virus focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50). Our data shows that the majority of donors (83 percent) had a FRNT50 titer of 1/80 or greater, and 61 percent had a titer greater than or equal to 1/160, which meet the FDA criteria for acceptable CCP units. Additionally, our data indicates that analysis of antibodies to a single SARS-CoV-2 antigen is likely to miss a percentage of seroconverters. These individuals, however, tend to have neutralizing antibody titers of less than 1/80. Of note, there was considerable variability in the short term, sustained antibody response, measured by neutralizing antibody titers, among our donor population.

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