scholarly journals Clinical and radiographic features of HIV-related pulmonary tuberculosis according to the level of immunosuppression

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Freire Garcia ◽  
Alexandre Sampaio Moura ◽  
Cid Sérgio Ferreira ◽  
Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Primary Pattern

Medical charts and radiographs from 38 HIV-infected patients with positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage were reviewed in order to compare the clinical, radiographic, and sputum bacilloscopy characteristics of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4). The mean age of the patients was 32 years and 76% were male. The median CD4 was 106 cells/mm³ and 71% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm³. Sputum bacilloscopy was positive in 45% of the patients. Patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mm³ showed significantly less post-primary pattern (7% vs. 63%; p = 0.02) and more frequently reported weight loss (p = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, patients with lower CD4 showed lower positivity of sputum bacilloscopy (37% vs. 64%; p = 0.18). HIV-infected patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis had a high proportion of non-post-primary pattern in thoracic radiographs. Patients with CD4 lower than 200 cells/mm³ showed post-primary patterns less frequently and reported weight loss more frequently.

Cytomegalovirus Disease in AIDS: The Edinburgh Experience

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Cheong ◽  
P J Flegg ◽  
R P Brettle ◽  
P D Welsby ◽  
S M Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Cmv Disease

Retrospective analysis of medical records of 557 HIV positive patients (including 113 with AIDS) revealed 17 patients with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. This group comprised 7 injection drug users (2 male and 5 female) and 10 homosexual men. Males were significantly older than females, and homosexual men were significantly older than drug users at the time of diagnosis of CMV. All 17 patients had evidence of retinitis, and 6 also had evidence of extraocular disease. CMV retinitis was the AIDS defining diagnosis in two patients, and the attack rate of CMV in all AIDS patients progressively increased with time, with a 3-year CMV-free survival of 57%. Fifteen patients with CMV disease had evidence of previous CMV infection (CMV IgG positive), with 7 also having a positive CMV IgM and 10 a positive viral culture. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of CMV was 17 cells/mm3, compared with 68 cells/mm3 at diagnosis of AIDS. Therapy was unsatisfactory, often being complicated by marrow suppression. Relapse occurred in 11 patients after initial improvement but despite this only 3 patients died with severe visual impairment. The mean survival after a diagnosis of CMV was 10.5 months. This study confirms that disease caused by CMV is usually a late manifestation of AIDS, and the increasing prevalence among patients with AIDS implies that, the longer the survival, the greater the risk of disease. Frequent fundoscopy in HIV positive patients is of paramount importance particularly in patients who have a CD4+ lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/mm3.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low CD4+ Lymphocyte Count on the Radiographic Patterns of HIV Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Nigerians

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Affusim ◽  
Vivien Abah ◽  
Emeka B. Kesieme ◽  
Kester Anyanwu ◽  
Taofik A. T. Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽  
Akram Hadi Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

Combination Therapy With Stavudine and Didanosine in Children With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Pharmacokinetic Properties, Safety, and Immunologic and Virologic Effects

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-890
Author(s):  
Mark W. Kline ◽  
Courtney V. Fletcher ◽  
Marianne E. Federici ◽  
Alice T. Harris ◽  
Kim D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Objectives. To obtain preliminary information on the pharmacokinetic properties, tolerance, safety, and antiviral activity of combination therapy with stavudine and didanosine in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. Eight children (median age, 6.6 years; range, 2.8 to 12 years) with advanced HIV disease (median CD4+ lymphocyte count at baseline, 42 cells/µL; range, 8 to 553 cells/µL) were treated with stavudine (2 mg/kg per day in two divided doses) and didanosine (180 mg/m2 per day in two divided doses) for 24 weeks. Seven children had histories of prior zidovudine therapy. All children had received stavudine alone for 19 to 33 months before the addition of didanosine to the treatment regimen. Children were assessed clinically and with laboratory studies at baseline, weekly through week 4 of combination therapy, and every 4 weeks thereafter. Results. Analysis of stavudine and didanosine plasma half-life values, clearances, and area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curves revealed no obvious clinical pharmacokinetic interaction between the drugs through study week 12. Combination therapy was well tolerated, and there were no drug-associated clinical or laboratory adverse events. Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were not observed. All three children with baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than 50 cells/µL had greater than 20% increases in their counts within the first 12 weeks of therapy; CD4+ lymphocyte count increases were not observed in the other children. Plasma HIV RNA concentrations showed median declines of 0.88 log10 (range, -3.41 log10 to 0.31 log10) and 0.30 log10 (range, -0.63 log10 to 0.89 log10) at study weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Conclusions. Combination therapy with stavudine and didanosine was well tolerated and safe in this small group of children with advanced HIV disease. Plasma HIV RNA concentration declines suggest a favorable effect of therapy on virus load. These findings should be confirmed, and the regimen's clinical efficacy should be examined, in controlled studies of HIV-infected children with less-advanced disease.

Predicting CD4 Lymphocyte Count <200 Cells/mm3 in an HIV Type 1-Infected African Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1230-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Morpeth ◽  
John A. Crump ◽  
Humphrey J. Shao ◽  
Habib O. Ramadhani ◽  
Peter R. Kisenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
African Population ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

scholarly journals Isolated renal mucormycosis in a patient with Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-225234
Author(s):  
Jasmine Sethi ◽  
Raja Ramachandran ◽  
Harbir Singh Kohli ◽  
Krishan Lal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Idiopathic Cd4 Lymphocytopenia

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is characterised by a low CD4 +lymphocyte count in the absence of HIV or other underlying aetiologies. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with ICL with autoimmune hepatitis who developed isolated renal mucormycosis, which, to our knowledge, is the first reported case described in literature. Combination therapy with antifungals and surgical resection was done, and the patient improved. This case report illustrates the importance of timely multidisciplinary approach to recognise this highly fatal disease at an early stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document