Impact of the southern annular mode on extreme changes in indian rainfall during the early 1990s

The variability in rainfall amounts in India draws much attention because it strongly influences the country’s ecological and social systems. Indian rainfall is associated with climate factors, including El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Here we identified the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the primary pattern of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, as the ultimate forcing leading to decadal changes in Indian rainfall. Through statistical analyses using observational data covering the period from 1979 to 2015, we show an increase in the decadal rainfall amount in the early 1990s over the Indian region. Examining atmospheric environmental conditions, we demonstrate that conditions have become more favorable over the past few decades. Specifically, during the positive SAM phase since the early 1990s, changes in the atmospheric fields have evoked anomalous vertical motion over the continent and the Indian Ocean, enhancing the southerly cross-equatorial flow by increased land–sea thermal contrast, thereby increasing decadal rainfall in the region.

Acute Cardiac Complications and Subclinical Myocardial Injuries Associated with Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Background: Catecholamine excess arising from pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) can cause a wide spectrum of cardiac manifestations, including acute cardiac complications (ACCs) and subclinical myocardial injuries (SMIs). Hence, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of ACCs and SMIs in a large cohort of PPGLs.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of consecutive patients with PPGLs admitted between January 2013 and July 2020 (n = 189). The prevalence and presentation of ACCs and SMIs were investigated, and comparisons were conducted between cases with and without ACCs. Results: Fourteen patients (7.4%) fulfilled the criteria for ACCs, consisting of nine cases (4.8%) with Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy, three cases (1.6%) with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and the remaining one (0.5%) with catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. Compared to those without ACCs (n = 175), patients with ACCs had higher prevalence of epinephrine-producing PPGLs (81.8% vs 33.9%. P = 0.006), and were more likely to show invasive behavior (61.5% vs 27.3%, P = 0.022) and hemorrhage/necrosis (53.9% vs 17.4%, P = 0.005) at histology. Among patients suffered Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy, an apical sparing pattern (5/7, 71.4%) dominated in the impaired patterns of longitudinal strain (LS). In the end, a fairly high percent (21/77, 27.2%) of patients (excluding 14 cases with ACCs) who underwent screening troponin, natriuretic peptide, and echocardiography had SMIs.Conclusions: One in every fourteen PPGLs patients presented with ACCs; and, in the cases with Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy, an apical sparing pattern was the primary pattern in LS. Furthermore, nearly one-third of patients without symptoms had SMIs. The diagnosis of PPGLs should be considered in patients with acute reversible cardiomyopathy, especially with an apical sparing pattern in LS.

Application of conjoint analysis to the optimum design for fabric printing patterns

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct the best combination of fabric printing pattern’s attributes to obtain the optimum design to meet the markets need. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed the morphological analysis of fashion design expert groups regarding the fashionable fabric printing patterns, as well as the attribute preferences for different groups of fabric printing patterns through focus group discussions. In addition, the conjoint analysis was used to calculate the part-worth of these patterns’ design attributes and design levels to obtain the optimum design for fabric printing patterns. Findings The results of this study showed that the most importance of fabric attributes is the secondary pattern (32.59 percent), while the weights of shading element (24.80 percent) and primary pattern (24.46 percent) are almost the same. This study found that a wide range of intertwining image primary pattern can be applied to create interesting and popular fabric printing pattern designs. In practical applications of this result, when the primary pattern is supported by the buyer, fabric designers may use New Classic composite plants, with simple shading and different cycling configuration, to reproduce the optimum designs of the fabric printing patterns. Originality/value This proposed a novel solution to figure out the combination basis for optimizing fabric printing pattern designs. In addition, this result helps fabric printing pattern designers to establish an optimal design method for a specific brand to create a unique printing pattern design.

Qualitative Analysis of Primary Fingerprint Pattern in Different Blood Group and Gender in Nepalese

Dermatoglyphics, the study of epidermal ridges on palm, sole, and digits, is considered as most effective and reliable evidence of identification. The fingerprints were studied in 300 Nepalese of known blood groups of different ages and classified into primary patterns and then analyzed statistically. In both sexes, incidence of loops was highest in ABO blood group and Rh +ve blood types, followed by whorls and arches, while the incidence of whorls was highest followed by loops and arches in Rh −ve blood types. Loops were higher in all blood groups except “A –ve” and “B –ve” where whorls were predominant. The fingerprint pattern in Rh blood types of blood group “A” was statistically significant while in others it was insignificant. In middle and little finger, loops were higher whereas in ring finger whorls were higher in all blood groups. Whorls were higher in thumb and index finger except in blood group “O” where loops were predominant. This study concludes that distribution of primary pattern of fingerprint is not related to gender and blood group but is related to individual digits.

A test for paedomorphism in domestic pig cranial morphology

Domestic animals are often described as paedomorphic, meaning that they retain juvenile characteristics into adulthood. Through a three-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis of cranial morphology at three growth stages, we demonstrate that wild boar ( n = 138) and domestic pigs ( n = 106) ( Sus scrofa ) follow distinct ontogenetic trajectories. With the exception of the size ratio between facial and neurocranial regions, paedomorphism does not appear to be the primary pattern describing the observed differences between wild and domestic pig cranial morphologies. The cranial phenotype of domestic pigs instead involves developmental innovation during domestication. This result questions the long-standing assumption that domestic animal phenotypes are paedomorphic forms of their wild counterparts.

Simulation Study of the Array Antenna

In this paper, after introducing the concept of far zone field, expression of the electric and magnetic field intensities of symmetrical center-fed dipole is derived based on structure of the array antenna by the electric field intensity formula of symmetrical center-fed dipole. When the electric field intensity of the array antenna is known, the direction function of the array antenna is obtained by concept of the primary pattern and array pattern , Finally, computer programming simulation is used to realize the visualization of the direction function of the primary pattern and array pattern. . In this way, the accurate data and precise curve are obtained so the goal of direct-viewing analysis of the problems is achieved.

Cutting Performance of TiB2/WC/h-BN Micro/nano Composite Gradient Self-Lubricating Ceramic Tool when Machining Carbon Steel

Continuous cutting experiments of steel 45 were conducted to investigate cutting performance of TiB2/WC/h-BN micro/nano composite gradient self-lubricating ceramic tool. Influences of cutting speed on flank wear and tool life were analyzed. The results show that flank wear increases slightly when cutting speed V≥80 m/min, tool life increases initially and then decreases with increasing cutting speed. Wear mechanism was studied: the primary pattern of tool wear is abrasive wear and adhesive wear and solid-lubricants in tool have a noticeable wear-resistance effect during machining.

An Anatomical Study of Primary Pattern of Arteries of Upper Limb With Relevance to Their Variations

A detailed description of the vascular pattern of upper limbs especially their variations in their origin, course and branching pattern is of utmost importance anatomically in general and clinically in particular. These variations have drawn attention of surgeons, physicians, radiologist and interventionists due to the advanced surgical procedures practicd in vascular surgeries, plastic (reconstructive) surgeries and also for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. 50 cadavers (100 upper limbs) were used for the study, which were dissected as the part of routine dissection for teaching undergraduate students at our institution. Length of the normal and variant arteries with mean, standard deviation, 'p' and 't' values are noted in each of the limbs. The following variations are observed - i) high division of brachial artery ii) higher origin of profunda brachii artery, iii) high origin of radial artery, iv) absence of common interosseous artery. The variations are of particular importance to the surgeons operating in the area, especially for those involved in vascular reconstructive surgeries. So it is prudent to do pre-operative studies of the brachial and antebrachial arteries and their branching patterns, to prevent possible complications post operatively.