scholarly journals Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wornei Silva Miranda Braga ◽  
Márcia da Costa Castilho ◽  
Fabiane Giovanella Borges ◽  
Jorge Roberto Di Tommaso Leão ◽  
Ana Cristina de Souza Martinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

INTRODUCTION: A decline in hepatitis D virus (HDV) occurrence was described in Europe and Asia. We estimated HDV prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon following hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey of HDV measured by total antibodies to HDV (anti-HD T). RESULTS: HDV prevalence was 41.9% whiting HBsAg carries and was associated with age (PR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.42; p = 0.01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (PR = 4.38; 95% CI 3.12-6.13; p < 0.001), and clinical hepatitis (PR =1.44; 95% CI 1.03-2.00; p = 0.03). Risk factors were related to HDV biology, clinical or demographic aspects such as underlying HBV infection, clinical hepatitis and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HDV infection continues to be an important health issue in the Brazilian Amazon and that the implementation of the HBV vaccination in rural Lábrea had little or no impact on the spread of HDV. This shows that HDV has not yet disappeared from HBV hyperendemic areas and reminding that it is far from being a vanishing disease in the Amazon basin.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Vaccination in Senegalese Children: Coverage, Timeliness, and Sociodemographic Determinants of Non-Adherence to Immunisation Schedules (ANRS 12356 AmBASS Survey)

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Lauren Périères ◽  
Fabienne Marcellin ◽  
Gora Lo ◽  
Camelia Protopopescu ◽  
El Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Detailed knowledge about hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage and timeliness for sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. We used data from a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2018–2019 in the area of Niakhar, Senegal, to estimate coverage, timeliness, and factors associated with non-adherence to the World Health Organisation-recommended vaccination schedules in children born in 2016 (year of the birth dose (BD) introduction in Senegal) and 2017–2018. Vaccination status was assessed from vaccination cards, surveillance data, and healthcare post vaccination records. Among 241 children with available data, for 2016 and 2017–2018, respectively, 31.0% and 66.8% received the BD within 24 h of birth (BD schedule), and 24.3% and 53.7% received the BD plus at least two pentavalent vaccine doses within the recommended timeframes (three-dose schedule). In logistic regression models, home birth, dry season birth, and birth in 2016 were all associated with non-adherence to the recommended BD and three-dose schedules. Living over three kilometres from the nearest healthcare post, being the firstborn, and living in an agriculturally poorer household were only associated with non-adherence to the three-dose schedule. The substantial proportion of children not vaccinated according to recommended schedules highlights the importance of considering vaccination timeliness when evaluating vaccination programme effectiveness. Outreach vaccination activities and incentives to bring children born at home to healthcare facilities within 24 h of birth, must be strengthened to improve timely HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and carriage after nineteen years of vaccination program in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wornei Silva Miranda Braga ◽  
Márcia da Costa Castilho ◽  
Fabiane Giovanella Borges ◽  
Ana Cristina de Souza Martinho ◽  
Ivo Seixas Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

INTRODUCTION: Reductions in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage, decreases in liver cancer incidence, and changes in patterns of liver dysfunctions are described after hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a population-based seroprevalence study aimed at estimating the HBV prevalence and risk of infection in the rural area of Lábrea following nineteen years of HBV vaccination. RESULTS: Half of the subjects showed total anti-HBc of 52.1% (95% CI 49.6-54.7). The HBsAg prevalence was 6.2% (95% CI 5.1-7.6). Multivariate analysis showed an inverse association between HBV infection and vaccination (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). HBsAg remained independently associated with past hepatitis (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.52-3.89) and inversely to vaccination (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69). The prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive individuals was 20.4% (95% CI 12.8-30.1), with the positive subjects having a median age of 11 years (1-46) p=0.0003. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that HBV infection is still an important public health issue and that HBV vaccination could have had better impact on HBV epidemiology. If we extrapolate these findings to other rural areas in the Brazilian Amazon, we can predict that the sources of chronic infected patients remain a challenge. Future studies are needed regarding clinical aspects, molecular epidemiology, surveillance of acute cases, and risk groups.

scholarly journals Study on Status and Willingness towards Hepatitis B Vaccination among Migrant Workers in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4046
Author(s):  
Hui Xiang ◽  
Xiaojun Tang ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Lin Gan ◽  
Kun Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hb Vaccine

Background: Rural-to-urban migrant workers may serve as a bridge population for the cross-regional spread of hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) due to frequent shifts between their work areas and homelands, and they are less likely to be covered by the national hepatitis B (HB) immunization program. This study aimed to investigate the current inoculation status of HB vaccine among migrant workers and the willingness to be vaccinated among non-vaccinated ones. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using anonymous interviews with migrant workers selected by two-stage cluster sampling from July to December 2018. Binary logistic regression models were adopted to detect influencing factors associated with HB inoculation status and vaccination willingness. Results: 1574 respondents were recruited in the surveys, and 773 (49.11%) respondents reported that they had been inoculated with HB vaccine. Only 285 (35.58%) non-vaccinated respondents were willing to be inoculated. Logistic regression indicated that younger age, higher education level, less wearing of condoms, higher knowledge scores of HB, and higher risk perception of HBV infection were positively associated with inoculation of HB vaccine. Respondents who were more highly educated, and drinkers, with higher knowledge scores of HB and with higher risk perception of HBV infection were more willing to be vaccinated. Conclusions: the HB vaccination rate of migrant workers in Chongqing was relatively low and only a small section of non-vaccinated migrant workers had vaccination willingness. Health interventions and policies are needed to improve knowledge and cognition of HB among migrant workers, particularly for those who are older, less educated, poor in HB knowledge, less likely to wear condoms, and non-drinkers. Peer education, as well as the combination of traditional and new media, would be accessible and effective ways to disseminate HB related knowledge for migrant workers.

scholarly journals Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Rural Area: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Sweety ◽  
Shamim Akther Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Almost All

Background: The awareness regarding Hepatitis B vaccination is necessary in the general population of Bangladesh.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and the vaccination coverage of hepatitis B virus in rural population.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Administration and Management (BIAM), Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2011 to April 2011. Sirajdikhan upazila of Munshiganj District was taken as a study place. All the villagers with an age group of 15 to 55 years were taken as study population. Result: A total number of 30 respondents were recruited of which male (60.0%) is predominant than female (40.0%). The mean age with SD was 23±7.256 years (range 15-53 years). Majority has told about the knowledge regarding the sequel of hepatitis B virus infection (33.3%). Almost all respondents (96.7%) are unknown about the treatment of HBV infection. Majority (76.7%) are unknown regarding taking HBV vaccination. Nobody has given positive answer in response to take vaccine. Conclusion: In conclusion information and knowledge regarding HBV infection and vaccination is very poor in the rural area of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i1.19558J Curr Adv Med Res 2014;1(1):3-7

scholarly journals Immune Status of Cohort of Children Vaccinated against Hepatitis B Virus in Ekiti State over Ten Years after Incorporation into National Program on Immunization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. O. Ajayi ◽  
E. E. Emmanuel ◽  
I. O. Oluwayemi ◽  
A. Olu-Taiwo ◽  
M. S. Odimayo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hepatitis B vaccine has been introduced in Nigeria for over a decade now, yet, data on sero-conversion status of the immunized cohort in the population are scarce. Such data are important for objective evaluation of the impact and effectiveness of the HBV vaccination program. This study therefore aims at determining the sero-conversion status and the prevalence of HBV infection among immunized cohort of children in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted across the three senatorial districts of Ekiti state, between October and December, 2017. A total of 441 children consisting of 226 males and 215 females (Male to female ratio= 1.1:1). Immunization was confirmed by immunization cards. Multistage sampling technique was used. Questionaire were administered after caregiver’s consent and assent from subjects, 2 to 5 mls of blood samples were then collected and tested for the various hepatitis B viral markers (HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb, HBsAb and HBsAg) using Hepatitis B combo kit manufactured by Innovita Biological Technology. Very low levels antibody titres which may not be detectable by qualitative detection method used is a limitation to this study. Results: Subjects were between 5 to 10 years. All subjects had 3 full doses of hepatitis B vaccination before the age of 1 year and all subjects were negative for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAB and HBcAb. However, only 47 (10.7%) had detectable HBsAb. Among HBsAb positive patients 22 were males while 25 were females. Our findings showed zero prevalence of hepatitis B but minimal seroconversion rate among vaccinated children in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccination protects children against HBV in the study population. However, seroconversion rate showed that majority of the children may be at risk of HBV infection at a later age. We recommend a booster dose of HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B vaccination status and vaccine immune response among children in rural Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Perieres ◽  
M Coste ◽  
S Ndiour ◽  
P Halfon ◽  
C Sokhna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Vaccine Immunity

Abstract Background Hepatitis B vaccination during childhood is key to reduce the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Senegal, a highly endemic country, the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine and the birth dose vaccine were introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 2004 and 2016 respectively. This study aimed to determine chronic HBV infection prevalence, hepatitis B vaccination status and vaccine immunity among children in Senegal. Methods A cross-sectional study including HBV screening was conducted at home among children aged 6 months to 15 years (i.e. born after the introduction of the HBV vaccine in the EPI) in the rural zone of Niakhar. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples were collected for the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc Ab and anti-HBs Ab using chemoluminescence. Vaccination status was assessed using information on vaccination cards. Detectable vaccine immunity was defined with an adjusted DBS threshold of DOI≥0.36 IU/mL (corresponding to 10 IU/mL in venous blood sampling). Results Between October and December 2018, 455 children were enrolled. Preliminary results show that 7/455 (1.5%) had been in contact with HBV (positive anti-HBc Ab) and 5/455 (1.1%) had chronic HBV infection (positive HBsAg). Only 161/455 (35.4%) children had a vaccination card available. Among those, 150/161 (93.2%) received at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, of which 83/150 (55.3%) had detectable vaccine immunity. The proportion of children with detectable vaccine immunity was significantly higher in children &lt;5 years than in children aged 5-9 and 10-15 (72.3% versus 47.3%, p = 0.006 and 72.3% versus 14.3%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Preliminary results suggest a low prevalence of HBV chronic infection among children born after the introduction of HBV vaccination in Senegal. However, detectable vaccine immunity rapidly decreases with age among vaccinated children, signalling a need for further studies on the immune response to HBV vaccination in this context. Key messages HBV chronic infection is low among children born after the introduction of HBV vaccination in Senegal. Further studies on the immune response to HBV vaccination in this context are needed.

Hepatotropic viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D and E) in a rural Brazilian population: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors and vaccination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlla A A Caetano ◽  
Fabiana P R Bergamaschi ◽  
Megmar A S Carneiro ◽  
Raquel S Pinheiro ◽  
Lyriane A Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Abstract Background People living in settlement projects represent an emergent rural population in Brazil. Data on their health is scarce and there are no data on viral hepatitis in this population. This study investigated the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A-E in residents of settlement projects in central Brazil. Methods During 2011 and 2012, 923 people living in rural settlements in central Brazil were interviewed and tested to estimate the prevalence of exposure to viral hepatitis A-E, to identify the circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and risk factors for HBV exposure and to evaluate adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination series. Results Overall, 85.9, 3.9, 0.4 and 17.3% of individuals showed evidence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus, HCV and HBV, respectively. Among HBV-DNA positive samples (n=8), subgenotypes A1 (n=3) and A2 (n=1) and genotype D/subgenotype D3 (n=4) were identified. Hepatitis D virus superinfection was detected in 0/16 HBsAg-positive participants. A total of 229 individuals showed serological evidence of HBV vaccination. In total, 442 settlers were eligible for vaccination, but only 150 individuals completed the vaccine series. All anti-HCV-positive samples (n=4) were also HCV-RNA positive and identified as subtype 1a. Conclusions The intermediate endemicity of HAV, the higher prevalence of HBV exposure compared with urban areas and the low compliance with HBV vaccination requires preventive measures focused on rural populations, emphasizing the need for HAV and HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Ineffectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 59B-63B ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Villeneuve ◽  
Jean Vincelette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
De Novo Hepatitis B ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Cirrhotic patients who undergo liver transplantation are at risk of acquiring de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the time of transplantation. It is common practice to immunize these patients against HBV, but the efficacy of vaccination is uncertain. The response to vaccination with a recombinant HBV vaccine was examined in 49 patients with cirrhosis before liver transplantation. Patients received three doses (20 µg) of Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) at zero, one and two months before transplantation, and their response was measured on the day of liver transplantation (9.3±1.2 months after the initial dose of vaccine). Results were compared with those reported in healthy adults vaccinated according to the same schedule. Fourteen of 49 cirrhotic patients (28%) developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels of more than 10 U/L after vaccination compared with 97% of healthy controls. Four patients (8%) had anti-HBs levels of more than 100 U/L compared with 83% in healthy individuals. Mean anti-HBs titre in the 14 responders was 62 U/L compared with 348 U/L in controls. No factor was identified that predicted response to vaccination. One of 49 patients acquired de novo HBV infection at the time of liver transplantation. Current HBV vaccination of cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation is ineffective, and new strategies need to be developed to increase the response rate.

scholarly journals Hepatitis D virus antibodies and liver function profile among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Lukman O Abdulkareem ◽  
Dennis A Ndububa ◽  
Augustine O Uhunmwangho ◽  
Thahir Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hdv Infection

Introduction: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 5% of HBV infected individuals worldwide have HDV infection. There is paucity of studies in Nigeria on the burden of HDV infection. This study aimed at determining the prevalence rate of HDV antibodies among individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and comparing the liver function test (LFT) and disease severity among the anti-HDV positive (anti-HDV+) and anti-HDV negative (anti-HDV-) individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 180 CHB infected individuals who were clinically evaluated and tested for HDV antibodies using the Enzyme-linked Immunoassay method. Their LFT profile and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 17. Results: Their mean age was 35.2 ± 10.4 years. There were 150 (83.3%) and 30 (16.7%) individuals with uncomplicated and complicated CHB infection respectively. Thirty-four (18.9%) of the participants were anti-HDV+. The mean serum ALT, AST, albumin and INR of the anti-HDV+ subjects were 16.5 ± 13.8 IU/L, 26.3 ± 32.6 IU/L, 38.9 ± 7.6 g/L, and 1.2 ± 0.2 respectively. The mean values for the same parameters of the anti-HDV- subjects were 10.8 ± 9.5 IU/L, 13.4 ± 11.2 IU/L, 41.4 ± 6.0 g/L and 1.1 ± 0.2 respectively (p < 0.05). The mean CTP scores in the anti-HDV+ and anti-HDV- subjects were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 5.5 ± 1.2 respectively (p= 0.03). Conclusions: Anti-HDV sero-prevalence rate was 18.9% and anti-HDV+ CHB patients had worse LFT results compared to those who were anti-HDV–.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Preference, and Willingness to Pay for Hepatitis B Vaccination Services among Woman of Reproductive Age in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Le Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Thanh Thi Le ◽  
Toan Thanh Thi Do ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hbv Vaccination

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is a critical approach to prevent HBV transmission from mother to child. However, despite high HBV prevalence, evidence about the preference of women of productive age for HBV vaccine in Vietnam was constrained. This study aims to explore the preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for the HBV vaccine in Vietnamese women in productive age. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi in April 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about respondents’ socioeconomic status and knowledge about HBV vaccination. A contingent valuation approach was employed to measure the WTP for the HBV vaccine. Logistic and interval regressions were used to determine the associated factors. Results. Among 807 women, 80.8% were willing to have the vaccine injected which had the average price of 108,600 VND (95% CI, 97,580 VND–119,570 VND). Participants not suffering any diseases during pregnancy were more likely to be willing to pay for the HBV vaccine (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.73–6.70). Not having the antenatal examination at central hospitals and working as farmers/workers were positively correlated with willingness to pay for this vaccine, while the number of children of respondents had a negative correlation with WTP. Conclusions. Our sampled women expressed a high willingness to pay for the vaccine. The price people were willing to pay for the vaccine, however, is equal to half of the actual price. These findings implied needs for better targeted public education interventions about HBV and the involvement of local medical staffs and the media in providing information. Efforts to reduce the price of the vaccine should also be warranted for scaling-up the coverage of this vaccine.

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