scholarly journals Potential use of a chemical leaching reject from a kaolin industry as agricultural fertilizer

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
Fabiana Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Fernando Barboza Egreja Filho ◽  
José Domingos Fabris ◽  
Wagner da Nova Mussel ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Industrial Residue ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The industrial refining of kaolin involves the removal of iron oxides and hydroxides along with other impurities that cause discoloration of the final product and depreciate its commercial value, particularly undesirable if destined to the paper industry. The chemical leaching in the industrial processing requires treatments with sodium hyposulfite, metallic zinc, or sulfuric and phosphoric acids, in order to reduce, dissolve and remove ferruginous compounds. To mitigate the environmental impact, the acidic effluent from the leaching process must be neutralized, usually with calcium oxide. The resulting solid residue contains phosphorous, zinc, and calcium, among other essential nutrients for plant growth, suggesting its use as a macro and micronutrient source. Samples of such a solid industrial residue were used here to evaluate their potential as soil fertilizer in an incubation greenhouse experiment with two soil samples (clayey and medium-textured). The small pH shift generated by applying the residue to the soil was not a limiting factor for its use in agriculture. The evolution of the concentrations of exchangeable calcium, and phosphorous and zinc extractability by Mehlich-1 extractant during the incubation period confirms the potential use of this industrial residue as agricultural fertilizer.

scholarly journals The significance of soil microorganisms as a limiting factor in infection of clover by Sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss. at different times of the year

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Anna-Marja Halkilahti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sclerotinia Trifoliorum ◽  
Other Hand

In the petri dish trials the mycelia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum in sterilized soil samples generally infected clover quite readily. In unsterilized samples the infection was less severe and showed marked variations in different years and at different times of the year. In the outdoor trials clover became less infected in the middle of the summer than in the spring and autumn. On the other hand, in the thermostat trials, where the temperature was constantly 7—10°C, the temperature at the time of taking the soil samples did not have a pronounced effect on the extent of clover infection. Liming of the soil caused a marked decrease in the severity of clover rot infection. In some autumns clover plants growing in soil samples taken from fallow were more seriously infected than those growing in soil from a clover field. As a rule, however, there were only slight variations in the extent of infection in the soil samples taken at the same time from the various areas of the field cultivated in different ways. In general, the highest numbers of microorganisms in the soil were found in the autumn and the lowest in the spring. In clover fields there were often more microorganisms – particularly in the autumn – than in fallow. Liming caused an increase in the numbers of soil microbes. S. trifoliorum infected clover very severely at temperatures of 0—5°C; in the range 5—21°C the infection grew generally milder the more the temperature was found to be rising. At temperatures of 5– 10°C an increase in the numbers of soil microbes resulted in a decrease in the infection of the clover. Still higher temperatures, which did not increase the numbers of soil microorganisms, nevertheless enhanced the antagonistic power of the soil.

scholarly journals Production, Characterization, and Industrial Application of Pectinase Enzyme Isolated from Fungal Strains

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep KC ◽  
Jitendra Upadhyaya ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Pectinase Enzyme ◽  
Pectinase Production ◽  
Potential Use

Pectinases are the group of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of pectic substances. It has wide applications in food industries for the production and clarification of wines and juices. The aim of this study was to isolate, screen and characterize pectinase from fungi isolated from various soil samples and evaluate its application in juice clarification. Fungal strains were isolated and screened primarily using 1% citruspectin incorporated potato dextrose agar (PDA) and secondarily using pectinase screening agar medium (PSAM) for pectinolytic organisms. The enzyme was produced by submerged state fermentation and assayed using the dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. From 20 different soil samples, 55 fungal isolates were screened primarily and, among them, only 14 isolates were subjected for secondary screening. Out of 14, only four strains showed the highest pectinolytic activity. Among four strains, Aspergillus spp. Gm showed the highest enzyme production at a 48-h incubation period, 1% substrate concentration, and 30 °C temperature. The thermal stability assessment resulted that the activity of pectinase enzyme declines by 50% within 10 min of heating at 60 °C. The optimum temperature, pH, and substrate concentration for the activity of enzyme was 30 °C (75.4 U/mL), 5.8 (72.3 U/mL), and 0.5% (112.0 U/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the yield of the orange juice, the total soluble solid (TSS), and clarity (% transmittance) was increased as the concentration of the pectinase increased, indicating its potential use in juice processing. Overall, the strain Aspergillus spp. Gm was identified as a potent strain for pectinase production in commercial scale.

scholarly journals Alloy Designation, Processing, and Use of AA6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prantik Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Direct Chill ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
Potential Use

The strength-to-weight ratio offered by AA6XXX alloys and their enhanced mechanical properties have become crucial criteria for their use in light weight military vehicles, rockets, missiles, aircrafts, and cars, used for both defence and civil purpose. The focus of this review paper is to put together the latest knowledge available from various sources on alloy design, industrial processing, development of properties, and potential use of AA6XXX alloys. The direct chill (DC) cast AA6XXX wrought alloys which are subsequently processed by fabrication process like hot working, cold working, process annealing, and age hardening heat treatments are the foci of this review though designation section also contains the designations of cast alloys to provide the reader a broad overview on designation. World-wide accepted designations are briefly tabled along with their alloying elements. The effects of the alloying elements which are generally used for AA6XXX wrought alloys are discussed incorporating their interactions during wrought AA6XXX alloy fabrication. The significance of the alloying and also the processing to develop the certain properties and the underlying strengthening mechanisms are discussed. The frequent and versatile uses of these AA6XXX alloys for the structural applications both in defence and civil purpose are put forth.

scholarly journals A One-Plasmid System To Generate Influenza Virus in Cultured Chicken Cells for Potential Use in Influenza Vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
pp. 9296-9303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Zhang ◽  
Wei Kong ◽  
Shamaila Ashraf ◽  
Roy Curtiss
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Viral Yield ◽  
Plasmid Transfection ◽  
Dual Promoters ◽  
Plasmid Size ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT Influenza virus has a set of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) consisting of viral RNAs, influenza virus polymerase subunits, and nucleoprotein. Intracellular reconstitution of the whole set of RNPs via plasmid transfection results in the generation of influenza virus. By the use of reverse genetics and dual promoters, we constructed a 23.6-kb eight-unit plasmid that contains all the required constituents to generate influenza virus in chicken cells. Our “one-plasmid” system generated higher titers of influenza virus in chicken cells than the “eight-plasmid” system, enabling a simpler approach for generating vaccine seeds. Our study identified plasmid size as a potential limiting factor affecting transfection efficiency and hence the influenza viral yield from chicken cells.

scholarly journals The influence of silica functionalized with silanes on migration of heavy metals in soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Grzesiak ◽  
Joanna Łukaszyk ◽  
Elżbieta Gabała ◽  
Joanna Kurczewska ◽  
Grzegorz Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Unmodified Silica ◽  
Metal Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Abstract 3-Mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane were used to functionalize the surface of silica from Piotrowice in Poland to stabilize heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic in soil. The soil for the study was sampled from the impact zone of Głogów Copper Smelter and Refinery. The soil samples were exposed to five-step Tessier sequential extraction. The speciation studies were limited to five sequentially defined fractions in which metal content was determined. The addition of unmodified silica did not affect significantly the concentration of metals in individual fractions. Significant changes were noted upon introduction of functionalized silica in the soil. The hybrid formulations obtained significantly reduce the release of heavy metals and arsenic from soil sorption complex. The results indicate the potential use of functional formulations for reduction of metal migration in soil in the areas of exceeded concentration of heavy metals and arsenic in the soil, caused by industrial activity.

Status of the utilization of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) in the pulp and paper industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2078-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwei-Nam Law ◽  
Jacques L. Valade
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), which represents 20% of the total softwood volume, is one of the most abundant commercial softwood species in Canada, its rate of utilization in pulping is surprisingly low. This paper reviews the literature concerning the physical and chemical properties as well as the pulping characteristics of this species by mechanical, thermomechanical, chemithermomechanical, chemimechanical, and chemical processes to better understand its potential use in papermaking. The objective is to identify the problems related to the use of jack pine so that solutions might be sought to promote its usage. Some recommendations are put forth concerning future research.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Joanna Matuska-Łyżwa ◽  
Paulina Żarnowiec ◽  
Wiesław Kaca
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Insect Trap ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Use

Insect trap studies were carried out to determine the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) from the family Steinernematidae in the soils of Poland and to compare the biological activities of field nematode isolates with nematodes from commercial biopesticide. The fauna of these organisms in central Poland is poorly studied in both taxonomic and biological terms. Tilled soils representative of this region were sampled from cultivated fields. EPN were isolated from soil samples under laboratory conditions and identified using a key for species identification and molecular analysis. Basic morphometric parameters of infective juveniles and adult males of the first generation were determined. The research showed that males and infective juveniles Steinernema feltiae from Łoniów were the largest. The smallest infective juveniles were found in the isolate from Oblasy, and the smallest males in the isolate from Danków. In Poland, new field isolates showed close genetic similarity to other S. feltiae isolates. The research showed that the field isolates from Poland had greater infectivity and rate of reproduction compared with nematodes from the commercial biopesticide. The findings indicate the potential use of field S. feltiae isolates from Poland (iso1Lon, iso1Dan and iso1Obl) to develop new biopesticide products.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of Sulfur from Waste Obtained during Biogas Desulfurization and the Effect of Sulfur on Soil Acidity and Biological Activity

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Tabak ◽  
Aneta Lisowska ◽  
Barbara Filipek-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Waste Reuse

Sulfur deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. A 120-day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the applied waste elemental sulfur on sulfur bioavailability in soil. Four doses of sulfur were applied: 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg S kg−1 dry matter (d.m.) of soil. In order to assess the effect of soil pH adjustment on sulfur oxidation, the research was conducted on two sets of soil samples: one set of soil samples had natural pH, and the second one was limed before sulfur application. Application of waste sulfur slightly affected the soil pH, and increased the content of available sulfur in soil proportionally to sulfur dose. A beneficial effect of waste sulfur application on soil dehydrogenase and catalase activity was found. Liming reduced soil acidity, and significantly increased sulfate content and soil enzymatic activity. Waste elemental sulfur may be an alternative source of sulfur, supplementing the deficiencies of this element in soils. The described way of sulfur waste reuse corresponds with the increasingly common approach to create waste-free technologies in all economy.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Three Bacillus anthracis Bacteriophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Alkalay ◽  
Sarit Sternberg ◽  
Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer ◽  
Ronen Hazan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Therapy Treatment

ABSTRACT The new highly effective Bacillus anthracis phages Negev_SA, Carmel_SA, and Tavor_SA were isolated from soil samples, and their complete genomes were sequenced and analyzed. The isolated phages have potential use in future phage therapy treatment against anthrax.

Particle density and the plummet balance

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Emerson ◽  
D. Weissmann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use

Soil suspensions are usually characterised by the percentage weights of particles settling with velocities between defined limits, such as silt and clay. If percentages were measured sufficiently accurately by both the pipette method and a plummet balance, dry densities of fractions could be calculated and hence their composition inferred. The accuracy and precision of the pipette method were confirmed by the mass balance of particles in peptised suspensions of a red-brown earth subsoil and a kaolinite. Percentages indicated by a plummet balance were corrected for the actual densities of fractions measured separately. Residual differences from the pipette values showed that the balance was accurate but lacked the precision needed to deduce densities to 0.01 mg/mm3. Values of the density of clay fractions were deduced from the means of published percentages obtained by the two methods where replicate suspensions were used and also from the mean difference based on a comparison using 199 soil samples. For the latter, an underestimate of clay percentages indicated by the balance had first to be allowed for. Clay-deduced densities were in the range 2.80–2.83 mg/mm3, compared with 2.84 mg/mm3 measured on the separated subsoil clay. The values are similar, probably because the clays are derived from mica. The density of the separated subsoil silt was 2.64 mg/mm3, less than quartz, because of the presence of feldspar. Such results indicate the potential use of the method if the precision of the balance is improved.

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