scholarly journals Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Joanna Matuska-Łyżwa ◽  
Paulina Żarnowiec ◽  
Wiesław Kaca
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Insect Trap ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Use

Insect trap studies were carried out to determine the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) from the family Steinernematidae in the soils of Poland and to compare the biological activities of field nematode isolates with nematodes from commercial biopesticide. The fauna of these organisms in central Poland is poorly studied in both taxonomic and biological terms. Tilled soils representative of this region were sampled from cultivated fields. EPN were isolated from soil samples under laboratory conditions and identified using a key for species identification and molecular analysis. Basic morphometric parameters of infective juveniles and adult males of the first generation were determined. The research showed that males and infective juveniles Steinernema feltiae from Łoniów were the largest. The smallest infective juveniles were found in the isolate from Oblasy, and the smallest males in the isolate from Danków. In Poland, new field isolates showed close genetic similarity to other S. feltiae isolates. The research showed that the field isolates from Poland had greater infectivity and rate of reproduction compared with nematodes from the commercial biopesticide. The findings indicate the potential use of field S. feltiae isolates from Poland (iso1Lon, iso1Dan and iso1Obl) to develop new biopesticide products.

Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Chile

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Edgington ◽  
Alan G. Buddie ◽  
Dave Moore ◽  
Andrés France ◽  
Loreto Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
The South ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Northern Regions

Abstract A systematic programme of surveys for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was done in Chile between 2006 and 2008. The survey spanned the principal ecosystems of mainland Chile as well as a number of islands, and covered a wide range of habitats including the Atacama Desert, Andean Altiplano, temperate rainforests and subpolar territory. Nearly 1400 soil samples were collected, of which 7% were positive for EPN. Of 101 EPN isolates obtained, 94 were Steinernema spp. and seven were Heterorhabditis sp. Of the 94 Steinernema isolates, 39 were identified as Steinernema feltiae, the remainder being distributed between two new species, S. unicornum (52 records) and S. australe (three records). The Heterorhabditis isolates, all designated as Heterorhabditis sp.1, are referred to herein as H. cf. safricana. Steinernema feltiae and S. unicornum were collected predominately in the south of Chile and were obtained from a range of habitats, including forests, open grassland, montane soils and coastal zones; neither species was recovered from the far north of the country (viz., desert soils in the Norte Grande region). Steinernema australe was found in only three soil samples, all from humid, cool, coastal localities in the south. Heterorhabditis cf. safricana was recovered from the northern regions, with most isolates found in or on the periphery of the Atacama Desert; they were not recovered from cooler, more humid regions of southern Chile. Molecular information indicated there were two subgroups of both S. unicornum and S. feltiae, with a geographical, intraspecific split of subgroups between the most southerly and the more central survey zones. All isolates were collected by ex situ baiting with waxmoth larvae and the natural hosts are unknown.

scholarly journals A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi ◽  
Christine Griffin ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.

Naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in the province of West-Flanders, Belgium

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Miduturi ◽  
M. Moens ◽  
W.M. Hominick ◽  
B.R. Briscoe ◽  
A.P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
North West ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe presence of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) was surveyed in the West-Flanders province in the north-west of Belgium. In 21 sites of different agronomical situations, 130 soil samples were taken. Using the Galleria larva bait technique, 16 soil samples were found positive for epns. Fifteen samples were found to contain Steinernema spp. (nine S.feltiae, five S. affinis, one Steinemema species B3). The remaining positive sample contained Heterorhabditis sp. (North West European strain). The morphometric characters of the isolates were highly variable and did not correspond precisely to the original descriptions; however, biochemical characterization confirmed their identity. The epns were isolated from 50%, 18.8% or 12.3% of the samples taken in sand dunes, grassland or woodlands, respectively. S. feltiae and S. affinis were isolated in these three habitats; Heterorhabditis sp. was found in a grassland habitat. Steinernema feltiae was prevalent in loamy sand soils with a wide range of organic matter content; S. affinis, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema species B3 were isolated in sandy loam soils. All the positive sample sites were in the pH range of 4.0–8.1. This is the first report of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in Belgium.

The significance of the tail projections in female entomopathogenic nematodes within the family Steinernematidae

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mráček ◽  
V. Půža ◽  
J. Nermut'
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral taxonomic studies of the entomopathogenic nematode family Steinernematidae have reported on the minute tail projections on the tail tips of females of the first generation; however, the occurrence and morphology of these traits in other steinernematid species and their taxonomic significance are still unclear. In the present study, the tail projections in females of seven steinernematid species belonging to four phylogenetic clades were examined. The projections are present in all of the tested species and their number and shape is consistent within species but significantly differs among species. It thus seems that these structures may have taxonomic significance at the species level. Based on these results, we suggest that every description of a new species in the family Steinernematidae should contain a precise morphology of the female tail, focused on these projections, using both light and scanning electron microscopy.

Spatial structuring and frequency distribution of the nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. BOHAN
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Spatial Structuring ◽  
Host Death

The frequency distribution of first generation, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev parasitic stages was over-dispersed with the majority of hosts containing few or no parasitic stages, whilst a few hosts contained a great many. Because of high extraction efficiency, the frequency distributions of the parasitic stages and the infective stages in the soil were assumed to be directly related. To explain the frequency distribution of the parasites it was therefore necessary to account for the frequency distribution of the S. feltiae infective stages in the soil. The infective stages were spatially aggregated into 30 cm diameter patches at the site of host death. These patches were randomly distributed approximately 1 m apart. At the 1 m scale, the pooled counts of infective stages were randomly distributed. Thus, in contrast to the frequency distributions, the spatial structuring of S. feltiae changed with the spatial scale of the interaction. This dynamic spatial structuring means that the majority of samples taken would contain few or no infective stages, whilst a few soil samples would contain a great many. Thus, the spatial structuring of the infective stages generates the over-dispersed frequency distribution of the S. feltiae in the soil. Hosts, encountering infective stages from this spatial distribution will, therefore, show an over-dispersed frequency distribution of S. feltiae parasitic stages.

scholarly journals First record of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Slovenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Laznik ◽  
T. Tóth ◽  
T. Lakatos ◽  
M. Vidrih ◽  
S. Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Recorded Instance

AbstractIn October 2007 we examined 80 soil samples from 16 different locations in the central part of Slovenia (the Notranjska region) and confirmed the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes only in two soil samples. This represents the first recorded instance of an entomopathogenic nematode in Slovenia. In sample B30 we confirmed the presence of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) by means of a molecular technique. In Slovenia the application of entomopathogenic nematodes was hitherto possible only in laboratory experiments, while the Rules on Biological Plant Protection made the practical application of exotic organisms in the domestic environment entirely impossible. After the first record of the entomopathogenic nematode S. feltiae we expect the aformentioned agent to become an important alternative to insecticides in plant protection against pest insects.

scholarly journals Virulence of new strain of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Croatia against Lasioptera rubi

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Majić ◽  
Ankica Sarajlić ◽  
Tamás Lakatos ◽  
Tímea Tóth ◽  
Emilija Raspudić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Strains

Soil samples from 100 cultivated and natural sites were assessed for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditid nematodes were recovered from three soil samples during spring months, with the overall positive sample rate of 3%. The isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were identified as three different strains conspecific with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae). They were found from natural sites and vineyard, while no recovery occurred from intensively cultivated agricultural fields. The morphometrical characteristics of infective juveniles and males showed differences between all Croatian strains and from the original description. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ISO9 was bioassayed on Lasioptera rubi (Cecidomyiidae) (the raspberry gall midge) larvae at different nematode concentrations under laboratory conditions. The significantly highest mortality was observed in treatments with 50 and 200 infective juveniles per insect larvae within 8 days after inoculation. This is the first report of entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae from Croatia, and susceptibility of L. rubi larvae to entomopathogenic nematodes. The Croatian strain H. bacteriophora ISO9 was proved to possess strong insecticidal properties against L. rubi larvae.

Insect aggregations and entomopathogenic nematode occurrence

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Bečvář ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Insect Populations

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae may significantly reduce insect populations. They inhabit most terrestrial habitats and their prevalence can be influenced by biotic factors. Some sawfly species, the geometrid and noctuid moth complexes, and bibionid and sciarid flies characteristically aggregate as diapausing or hibernating larvae in the soil. A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes from habitats characterized by these aggregations was performed in the Czech Republic by collecting soil samples and utilizing Galleria traps in the laboratory. Steinernematids were recovered from 61 of 87 (70.1%) sampled localities. Seven Steinernema species, S. kraussei, S. feltiae, S. affine, S. intermedium, S. bicornutum and two designated as species B and F were identified. Among these, S. kraussei was prevalent in sawfly localities (77.8%) while, in winter moth localities, S. feltiae (55.6%) dominated and S. kraussei (22.2%) and S. affine (25.9%) were common. Soil-dwelling insect aggregations seem to provide an opportunity for entomopathogenic nematode multiplication.Les nématodes entomopathogènes de la famille des Steinernematidae peuvent réduire significativement les populations d'insectes. Ils occupent la plupart des habitats terrestres et leur prévalence peut être influencée par des facteurs biotiques. Quelques espèces de tenthrèdes move, des Géométrides et des aleurodes Noctuides, de même que les mouches Sciarides et Bibionides forment des aggrégats caractéristiques lorsque leurs larves sont en diapause ou hivernent dans le sol. Une enquête sur ces nématodes entomopathogènes dans des habitats caractérisés par ces aggrégations d'insectes a été réalisée en République tchèque en collectant des échantillons de sol et en utilisant au laboratoire des pièges à Galleria. Des Steinernematides ont été trouvés dans 61 des 87 (70,1%) des localités échantillonnées. Cinq espèces connues de Steinernema (S. kraussei, S. feltiae, S. affine, S. intermedium, S. bicornutum) et deux espèces désignées comme espèces B et F ont été identifiées. S. kraussei était prévalent dans les localités à tenthrèdes (77,8%) tandis que S. feltiae dominait dans les localités à arpenteuse tardive (55,6%) ou S. kraussei (22,2%) et S. affine (25,9%) apparaissaient communs. Les aggrégats d'insectes terricoles semblent ainsi offrir une situation propice à la multiplication des nématodes entomopathogènes.

Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1663-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ting Lee ◽  
Heng-Chun Kuo ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Ming-Yen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

1,4-Diazepines: A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Rashid ◽  
Aisha Ashraf ◽  
Sahibzada S. Rehman ◽  
Shaukat A. Shahid ◽  
Adeel Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Synthesis Reactions ◽  
Potential Use

Background:1,4-Diazepines are two nitrogen containing seven membered heterocyclic compounds and associated with a wide range of biological activities. Due to its medicinal importance, scientists are actively involved in the synthesis, reactions and biological evaluation of 1,4-diazepines since number of decades.Objective:The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the synthetic schemes and reactivity of 1,4- diazepines. This article also describes biological aspects of 1,4-diazepine derivatives, that can be usefully exploited for the pharmaceutical sector.Conclusion:This review summarizes the abundant literature on synthetic routes, chemical reactions and biological attributes of 1,4-diazepine derivatives. We concluded that 1,4-diazepines have significant importance due to their biological activities like antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. 1,4-diazepine derivatives with significant biological activities could be explored for potential use in the pharmaceutical industries.

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