scholarly journals The no-tillage, with crop rotation or succession, can increase the degree of clay dispersion in the superficial layer of highly weathered soils after 24 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Alex Figueiredo ◽  
◽  
Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo ◽  
Jean Carlo Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Wesley Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Clay Dispersion

Clay dispersion is directly related to water erosion, especially during detaching and dragging of particles. No-till is one of the most important strategies for soil and water conservation in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and when associated with crop rotation, may reduce the degree of clay dispersion. The study aimed to evaluate, after 24 years, the effect of different soil management systems and crop systems on the degree of clay dispersion of a Rhodic Ferralsol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four soil managements (continuous no-tillage, no-tillage with chiseling every three years, disk plowing followed by light harrowing and heavy disking followed by light harrowing) and with two crop systems (crop succession and rotation). The degree of clay dispersion was evaluated and associated with soil chemical attributes from layer 0.00-0.10 m. The degree of clay dispersion is affected by the soil management systems with no effect of crop systems. The soil management system with the lowest soil disturbance (continuous no-tillage) has a higher degree of clay dispersion than the ones that disturb the soil, regardless of the agricultural implement used or soil disturbance intensity. The soil electrochemical imbalance, primarily caused by soil potential acidity, is positively correlated to the increase in the degree of clay dispersion of the superficial soil layer under continuum no-tillage.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems: II - mineralization and nitrification rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1651-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Garcia Cardoso ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽  
Clever Briedis ◽  
Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Rogério Borszowskei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Net Mineralization

Nitrogen is the main limiting factor in crop productivity and thereby soil management systems may change the mineralization and nitrification rates. In an experiment on soil management systems implemented in 1988 at the experimental station Fundação ABC, Ponta Grossa, in the central South region of the State of Paraná, inorganic N dynamics were examined to find a soil management strategy with a view to a sustainable environment. The objective of this study was to calculate the net mineralization and nitrification rates of soil N and the correlation with soil pH under management systems. Randomized complete block design was used, in split plots, in three replications. The following soil management systems (SMSs) were adopted in the plots: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, samples were collected from sub-plots at different times (11 sampling times - T1 to T11). In the CNT and NT CH, the net mineralization rates were higher in the MT and CT systems in the 0-2.5 cm soil layer, while the nitrification rate was higher in the 2.5-5 cm layer. Soon after implementing the white oat management, the mineralization and nitrification rates in all soil layers were higher in the MT and CT systems. In the period of soybean development, in the 0-2.5 and 2.5-5 cm soil layers, the mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the CNT and NT CH than in the MT and CT systems.

scholarly journals Nutrient losses by water erosion

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Eloy Lemos Mello ◽  
Jean Cláudio Guadagnin ◽  
Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Carrafa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

scholarly journals Traffic and Tillage Effects on Soil Water Conservation and Winter Wheat Yield in the Loess Plateau, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517
Author(s):  
Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Abstract In semi-humid Loess Plateau of northern China, water is the limiting factor for rain-fed crop yields. In this region, long-term traditional ploughing with straw removal has resulted in poor soil structure, water conservation and crop yield. Controlled traffic, combined with no-till and straw cover has been proposed to improve soil water conservation and crop yield. From 1999 to 2007, a field experiment on winter wheat was conducted in the dryland area of Loess Plateau of northern China, to investigate the effects of traffic and tillage on soil water conservation and crop yield. The field experiment was conducted using two controlled traffic treatments, no tillage with residue cover and no compaction (NTCN), shallow tillage with residue cover and no compaction (STCN) and one conventional tillage treatment (CK). Results showed that controlled traffic system reduced soil compaction in the top soil layer, increased soil water infiltration. The benefit on soil water infiltration translated into more soil conservation (16.1%) in 0-100 cm soil layer in fellow period, and achieved higher soil water availability at planting (16.5%), with less yearly variation. Consequently, controlled traffic system increased wheat yield by 12.6% and improved water use efficiency by 5.2%, both with less yearly variation, compared with conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, no tillage treatment NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic combined with no-tillage and straw cover has higher performance on conserving water, improving yield and water use efficiency. It is a valuable system for soil and water conservation for the sustainable development of agriculture in dryland China.

scholarly journals Effects of soil management systems on soil microbial activity, bulk density and chemical properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Reis Valpassos ◽  
Eloiza Gomes Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato ◽  
Marlene Cristina Alves
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Sequence ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of soil management systems on the bulk density, chemical soil properties, and on the soil microbial activity on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). Soil samples were collected from plots under the following management conditions: a) natural dense "cerrado" vegetation (savanna); b) degraded Brachiaria decumbens pasture, 20 years old; c) no-tillage treatment with annual crop sequence (bean, corn, soybean and dark-oat in continuous rotation), 8 years old; d) conventional tillage treatment with crop residues added to the soil, and annual crop sequence, 10 years old. The continuous use of no-tillage system resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and decrease in soil basal respiration, therefore displaying evident long-term effects on the increase of soil C content. The no-tillage system also provided an improvement in bulk density and chemical properties of the soil. Hence, the no-tillage management system could be an alternative for the conservation and maintenance of physical and chemical conditions and the productive potential of "cerrado" soils.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems. I - flux of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-)

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1641-1649
Author(s):  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽  
Eduardo Garcia Cardoso ◽  
Clever Briedis ◽  
Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Rogério Borszowskei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Red Latosol

In agricultural systems the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents is significantly affected by soil management. This study investigated the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen (N; NH4+ and NO3-) in an experimental evaluation of soil management systems (SMSs) adopted in 1988 at the experimental station of the ABC Foundation in Ponta Grossa, in the Central South region of the State of Paraná. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in N-NH4+ and N-NO3- flux in the surface layer of a Red Latosol arising from SMSs over a 12-month period. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design in split plots, in three replications. The plots consisted of the following SMSs: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, the subplots represented samplings (11 sampling times, T1 - T11). The ammonium N (N-NH4+) and nitric N (N-NO3-) contents were higher in systems with reduced tillage (MT and NT CH) and without tillage (CNT) than in the CT system. In the period from October 2003 to February 2004, the N-NH4+ was higher than the N-NO3- soil content. Conversely, in the period from May 2004 to July 2004, the N-NO3- was higher than the N-NH4+ content. The greatest fluctuation in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents occurred in the 0-2.5 cm layer, and the highest peak in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- concentrations occurred after the surface application of N. Both N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were strongly correlated with the soil organic C content, which indicated that these properties vary together in the system.

scholarly journals Farm systems, soil chemical properties, and clay dispersion in watershed áreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Letícia Pit Nunes ◽  
Glassys Louise de Souza Cortez ◽  
Thadeu Rodrigues Melo ◽  
Alex Figueiredo ◽  
Cassio Alexandre Rolan Wandscheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different farm systems on clay dispersion and its relationship with soil chemical properties and the no-tillage system participatory quality index (IQP), in watershed areas in the west of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The farm systems evaluated were: no-tillage; no-tillage with crop succession; no-tillage with soil disturbance; and conventional system. In addition, the farm systems were evaluated for their IQP. Soil samples were collected at 0.0-0.20-m soil depth, in 40 agricultural areas and in 6 native forests considered as references. The degree of clay dispersion, total organic carbon, pH (CaCl2), exchangeable potassium (K+), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium and magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and potential acidity (H+Al3+) were determined. A linear multiple regression model was fitted by the method of least squares. The averages of clay dispersion degree per watershed were compared at 5% probability. The farm systems were compared by Scott-Knott’s test. Soil chemical properties showed a higher influence on clay dispersion than the different farm systems assessed. The no-tillage system alone showed the highest content of organic carbon, which was similar to those of the native areas. The conventional system and the no-tillage system with soil disturbance showed a lower IQP and a higher degree of clay dispersion than the areas with the no-tillage system alone. The IQP allows distinguishing the conventional system from the no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Effect of soil management on the white grub population and damage in soybean

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENITA JACOB OLIVEIRA ◽  
CLARA BEATRIZ HOFFMANN-CAMPO ◽  
MARIA ALICE GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Moldboard Plow

To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks in organic matter fractions as affected by land use and soil management, with emphasis on no-tillage effect

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Deborah Pinheiro Dick ◽  
Genicelli Mafra Ribeiro ◽  
Klaus Konrad Scheuermann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Land use and soil management may affect both labile and humified soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, but the magnitude of these changes is poorly known in subtropical environments. This study investigated effects of four land use and soil management systems (forest, native pasture, and conventional tillage and no-tillage in a wheat/soybean succession) on (i) total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (0 to 250mm depth) and on (ii) carbon (C) stocks in labile (coarse, light) and humified (mineral-associated, humic substances) SOM fractions (0 to 25mm depth), in a Hapludox soil from southern Brazil. In comparison to the adjacent forest site, conventionally tilled soil presented 36% (46.2Mg ha-1) less SOC in the 0 to 250mm depth and a widespread decrease in C stocks in all SOM fractions in the 0 to 25mm depth. The coarse (>53 mum) and light (<1kg dm-3) SOM fractions were the most affected under no-tillage, showing 393% (1.22Mg C ha-1) and 289% (0.55Mg C ha-1) increases, respectively, in relation to conventional tillage. Similar results were observed for mineral-associated SOM and humic substance C pools (34% and 38% increases, respectively) under no-tillage. Compared with labile SOM fraction results, the percentual increments on C stocks in humified fractions were smaller; but in absolute terms this C pool yielded the highest increases (3.06 and 2.95Mg C ha-1, respectively). These results showed that both labile and humified organic matter are better protected under the no-tillage system, and consequently less vulnerable to mineralization. Humified SOM stabilization process involving interactions with variable charge minerals is probably important in maintaining and restoring soil and environmental quality in tropical and subtropical regions.

scholarly journals Soil Physical Attributes and Organic Carbon in a Cohesive Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) Under Different Soil Management Systems in the Coastal Plains of Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Fagner Taiano Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias ◽  
Poliana Dos Santos de Farias ◽  
Flávia Melo Moreira ◽  
Ludmila De Oliveira De Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Physical Attributes

Although soil physical attributes are determining factors of soil quality and for root development of crops, they are often neglected when dealing with soil management, which refers only to fertility. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical characteristics, organic carbon content and carbon stock levels in yellow Latosol cohesive distrophic coastal plains of Bahia, Brazil, where different soil management systems were implemented. Soil texture, water dispersible clay, flocculation index, soil density and porosity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, stability of aggregates, organic carbon content and resistance to penetration were evaluated from soil samples collected in the 40 cm-top soil. The different soil plot covers consisted of (i) Eucalyptus with grasses (EGR), (ii) Eucalyptus with spontaneous vegetation (EVE), (iii) fallow (POU), (iv) pasture (PAS), and (v) native forest (MN). It was found that EVE and MN contributed to greater stability of larger aggregates in the 20-40 cm-soil layer compared to EGR, PAS and POU. The high organic matter contents of soils of the cultivated plots (EVE and EGR) increased the limits of consistency. Soil management systems with Eucalyptus and pasture contributed to accelerate the oxidation process and the loss of C.

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