Harvest managements and cultural practices in sugarcane

The presence of trash from the mechanical harvest of green cane on sugarcane plantations promotes changes in the agricultural management, for example, in the mechanical cultural practices of ratoon cane in-between the rows and nitrogen (N) fertilization. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of sugarcane in different harvest systems, associated to the mechanical cultural practices in interrows and N rates. The study was carried out on a sugarcane plantation in Sales Oliveira, São Paulo, Brazil, with the sugarcane variety SP81-3250, on soil classified as Acrudox, in a randomized block design with split-split plots and four replications. The main treatments consisted of harvest systems (harvesting green cane or burnt cane), the secondary treatment consisted of the mechanical cultural practices in the interrows and the tertiary treatments were N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 160 kg ha-1), using ammonium nitrate (33 % N) as N source. The harvest systems did not differ in sugarcane yield (tons of cane per hectare - TCH), but in burnt cane, the pol percent and total sugar recovery (TSR) were higher. This could be explained by the higher quantity of plant impurities in the harvested raw material in the system without burning, which reduces the processing quality. Mechanical cultural practices in the interrows after harvest had no effect on cane yield and sugar quality, indicating that this operation can be omitted in areas with mechanical harvesting. The application of N fertilizer at rates of 88 and 144 kg ha-1 N, respectively, increased stalk height and TCH quadratically to the highest values for these variables. For the sugar yield per hectare (in pol %), N fertilization induced a linear increase.

Download Full-text

Dry matter production and chemical composition of Massai grass submitted to nitrogen rates and cutting heights

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2487 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2487

Author(s):

Giselle Abadia Campos Pereira ◽

Leni Rodrigues Lima ◽

Joelson Antônio Silva ◽

Rosemay Lais Galati ◽

Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates

The study was carried out in a greenhouse with a 4X4 factorial arrangement randomized block design in order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3) associated with cutting heights (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) on dry matter production and the chemical composition of Massai grass. The seeding was done in pots with 11 kg of soil. 10 plants were kept per pot, and there were two cuts every 35 days. Nitrogen fertilization was split between the two cuts, where the first N application occurred after the uniformity cut and the second after the first cut. In each cut the plants were separated and weighed for botanical component evaluation: leaf blade and stem + sheath. After this, the samples were homogenized and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. In the first cut, the N fertilization caused a linear increase in DM production of 0.058 g pot-1 per each 1 mg dm-3 of N applied, as well as causing an increase of 0.549% in CP percentage, a 0.0124 pot-1 g increase in CP production and a reduction of 0.055% in NDF. In the second cut, N rates promoted a quadratic effect on DM production. A maximum DM production of 16.48 g pot-1 with 107.27 mg dm-3 of N was observed while CP production content was increased by 0.0092 g pot-1 for each 1 mg dm-3 N applied. In terms of linear responses to DM and PB, as well as the use efficiency calculated for Massai grass, recommended N doses range between 50 and 100 g dm-3.

Download Full-text

Response of irrigated wheat cultivars to different nitrogen rates and sources

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000500023 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 1303-1310 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Marcelo Andreotti ◽

Marco Eustáquio de Sá ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

N Source ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates

High wheat yields require good N fertilization management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N applications at sowing using Entec (N source with nitrification inhibitor) and urea (traditional N source) at covering, on four wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four replications, at the Experimental Station of the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, on a dystrophic, epi-eutrophic alic Red Latosol with loamy texture, formerly under savannah vegetation. Four N rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) were tested, applied at sowing in the case of Entec and top-dressed 40 days after plant emergence in the case of urea, and the four wheat cultivars E 21, E 22, E 42, and IAC 370. The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest. Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield. There was no significant difference between Entec (applied at sowing) and urea (top-dressed) in terms of grain yield and yield components. Nevertheless, urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets. High nitrogen rates influenced the hectoliter mass negatively, affecting wheat grain quality. Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.

Download Full-text

Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832012000200017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 475-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

José Almeida Pereira ◽

Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽

José Aridiano Lima de Deus

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

N Application ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

Download Full-text

DOSES E MODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE UREIA REVESTIDA COM POLÍMERO NO CULTIVO DE ALFACE AMERICANA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i4.10649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 579-584

Author(s):

Hamilton César de Oliveira Charlo ◽

Juliano da Silva Martins de Almeida ◽

Valdeci Orioli Júnior ◽

Regina Maria Quintão Lana

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Commercial Yield ◽

Polymer Coated Urea ◽

N Rates

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e modos de aplicação de N, fornecido por meio de ureia revestida, no estado nutricional e produção de alface americana. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 6x4 + 1, sendo seis doses de N (28,75; 57,50; 115,00; 172,50; 230,00; 287,50 kg ha-1 de N), como fonte a ureia revestida, e quatro modos de aplicação do nutriente (100% da dose no transplante; 50% no transplante + 50% aos 10 dias após o transplante (DAT); 25% no transplante + 75% aos 10 dias DAT; 25% no transplante + 25% a cada cobertura, aos 10, 20 e 30 DAT). No tratamento adicional utilizou-se a ureia convencional. Foram determinados os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, a massa fresca total e comercial da cabeça, o diâmetro do caule, a altura da planta e o diâmetro da cabeça aos 30 e 60 dias após o transplante. Verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada aumentou os teores foliares de N, Ca e Mg, e reduziu os teores foliares de K e P. Não houve influência das doses de N proveniente de ureia revestida com polímero e dos modos de aplicação nos atributos morfológicos e produtivos da cultura. Palavras-chave: Lactuca sativa L.; nitrogênio; fertilizante de liberação lenta; fertilizante de liberação controlada. RATES AND APPLICATIONS WAYS OF POLYMER-COATED UREA IN CRISPHEAD LETTUCE CULTIVATION ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N rates (using a polymer-coated urea) and N application ways in nutritional status and yield of crisphead lettuce. The randomized block design in a 6 x 4 + 1 factorial arrangement was used, with six N rates (28.75, 57.50, 115.00, 172.50, 230.00, 287.50 kg ha-1 of N), with the use of polymer-coated urea, and four nutrient application ways (100% of the transplant rate, 50% at the transplant + 50% at the 10 days after the transplant (DAT), 25% at the transplant + 75% at 10 days DAT, 25% at transplant + 25% at each side dressing fertilization at 10, 20 and 30 DAT). The additional treatment was related to the recommended N fertilization using conventional urea. N, P, K, Ca and Mg, total and commercial yield, stem diameter, plant height and head diameter were determined at 30 and 60 days after transplant. Nitrogen fertilization increased the N, Ca and Mg foliar levels, independently of the application way. However, in general, it reduced the leaf levels of K and P. There was no influence of N rates from polymer-coated urea and application way on the morphological attributes and yield of the crop. Keywords: Lactuca sativa L.; nitrogen; slow-release fertilizer; controlled-release fertilizer.

Download Full-text

Effect of weed management practices on Sugarcane ratoon

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v36i2.10628 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mahima Begum ◽

Bijnan Chandra Bordoloi

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Loam Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the three consecutive seasons from 2006-08 on clay loam soil of Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Assam to study the effect of different herbicides along with other cultural practices of weed management of sugarcane. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design with three replication with the following ten treatments viz. T1: control, T2: 3 hoeings (1st , 4th and 7th week), T3: Atrazine@ 2kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @ 1kg a.i/ ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T4: atrazine @ 2 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T5: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T6: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation , T7: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3rd week stage, T8: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3rd week + 1 hoeing at 60 days after ratoon initiation, T9: trash mulching in alternate rows + hoeing during 1st and 6th week, T10: trash mulching in all rows. Result revealed that all the weed management practices had a significant effect on growth and yield of sugarcane over control. Out of all treatments, pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha followed by spraying of 2, 4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation recorded lesser number of weeds and weed dry weight with higher weed control efficiency (80.38%). The same treatment also recorded the higher cane yield (79.6 t/ha) which is followed by pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @ 1 kg a.i/ha with 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation.

Download Full-text

Carbon and carbon dioxide accumulation by marandu grass under nitrogen fertilization and irrigation

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663030016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 387-393

Author(s):

Elisângela Dupas ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo ◽

André Luís Sarto

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Dry Season ◽

Organic Matter Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

N Rates

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for growth of forage grasses, especially in conditions of low water availability. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of N fertilization and irrigation on the accumulation of carbon (C) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by marandu grass in the Cerrado Paulista, in the rainy and dry seasons. Experiments were conducted to evaluate N fertilization in each season, with and without irrigation. Five N rates were used (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 per cutting), using urea as N source, totaling 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg ha-1 in the rainy season and 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 in the dry season. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot randomized block design. There was no significant interaction (p > 0.05) between N and time of fertilization in the irrigated experiment. However, N promoted a quadratic effect in organic matter production (OMP), accumulation of C and CO2 by marandu grass, while there was no influence of the seasons. In the non-irrigated experiment, the interaction between N rates and seasons was significant (p < 0.05) only for the rainy season. Organic matter production and C and CO2 accumulation was greater in the rainy season than in the dry season. Irrigation provided increases of approximately 20% in C and CO2 accumulation. The use of N and irrigation increases the accumulation of C and CO2 by marandu grass, and this increase is higher during the rainy season.

Download Full-text

Maize nitrogen fertilization in two crop rotation systems under no-till

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2013000600014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 852-862

Author(s):

Maria do Carmo Lana ◽

Rodrigo Vianei Czycza ◽

Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽

Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Management Systems ◽

Rotation System ◽

No Till ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Crop Rotation System ◽

N Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate split nitrogen (N) fertilization of maize applied in band at sowing and top dressing with and without crop rotation, under no-till. The experiment was conducted with six N rates at sowing (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg ha-1) combined with three rates in top dressing (40, 70, 100 kg ha-1) and two management systems: after five cropping sequences of maize and crop rotation (maize + soybean + oat + soybean + corn) in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop rotation system increased yield in approximately 7% in relation to the area without rotation. The split of nitrogen fertilization, in rates above 39 and 54 kg ha-1 at sowing and 70 and 40 kg ha-1 in top dressing, resulted in yield higher than that obtained with the application of 100 kg ha-1 in top dressing. Grain yield was higher with the rates 50 and 70 kg ha-1 of N compared with that obtained with 20 and 100 kg ha-1 at sowing and top dressing, respectively. The rate 70 kg ha-1 of N resulted in the highest yield at the lowest cost compared with the revenues and costs incurred with the rates 40 and 100 kg ha-1.

Download Full-text

Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.199-205 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI ◽

BUDI SANTOSO ◽

AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Dry Land ◽

Sugarcane Varieties ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Sugarcane Yield ◽

Early Ripening

ABSTRACT The level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield. Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAK Tingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum

Download Full-text

Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, recovery and leaching of an alexandergrass pasture

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000300024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 899-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽

Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽

André Brugnara Soares ◽

Paulo Fernando Adami ◽

Alceu Luiz Assmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

N Fertilization ◽

High Mass ◽

Soil N ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Grazing Intensities ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen usually determines the productive potential of forage crops, although it is highly unstable in the environment. Studies on recovery rates and use efficiency are important for more reliable fertilizer recommendations to reduce costs and avoid environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate N use efficiency and recovery rate of Alexandergrass pasture (Brachiaria - Syn. Urochloa plantaginea) as well as N-NO3- and N-NH4+ soil concentrations using different levels of N fertilization under two grazing intensities. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with three replications. Treatments consisted of three N rates (0, 200 and 400 kg ha-1 N) and two grazing intensities termed low mass (LM; forage mass of 2,000 kg ha-1 of DM) and high mass (HM; forage mass of 3,600 kg ha-1 of DM) under continuous stocking and variable stocking rates. Results of N fertilization with 200 kg ha-1 were better than with 400 kg ha-1 N. There was a significant effect of N rates on soil N-NO3-concentration with higher levels in the first layer of the soil profile in the treatment with 400 kg ha-1 N. Grazing intensity also affected soil N-NO3- concentration, by increasing the levels under the higher stocking rate (lower forage mass).

Download Full-text

Effects of nitrogen dosage and urea source on morphological composition and forage accumulation in massai grass

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Aline Barros da Silva ◽

Carlos Augusto Brandão Carvalho ◽

Camila De Almeida Pires ◽

João Carlos De Carvalho Almeida ◽

Delci De Deus Nepomuceno

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Morphological Composition ◽

Coated Urea ◽

N Dose

The effects of nitrogen (N) dose and urea source on forage mass (FM), percentage of dry matter of leaf blades (LBDMP), stem (SDMP), and dead material (DMDMP), and the forage accumulation rate (FAR) of Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ (massai grass) were evaluated. We set up an experiment with a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (3×2) + 1, consisting of three doses (100, 200, and 400 kg ha–1 year–1), two urea sources (common and coated with Policote®), and a control treatment, in five consecutive climatic seasons, including the summers of 2011/2012 (summer I), autumn, winter, and spring of 2012, and the summers of 2012/2013 (summer II). We found an interaction effect between N dose, urea source, and season (p < 0.05). LBDMP linearly increased during dry periods (autumn and winter) and SDMP in autumn and DMDMP in winter linearly decreased when coated urea were used. FAR showed a linear increase with the use of both urea sources, except for common urea in autumn, and the increases in the winter were owing to a greater contribution of leaf blades to FM. The use of coated urea for N fertilization linearly increases FAR in all seasons of the year and improves the morphological composition of the forage of massai grass, mainly in dry seasons.

Download Full-text