scholarly journals Carbon and carbon dioxide accumulation by marandu grass under nitrogen fertilization and irrigation

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Elisângela Dupas ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo ◽  
André Luís Sarto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
N Rates

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for growth of forage grasses, especially in conditions of low water availability. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of N fertilization and irrigation on the accumulation of carbon (C) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by marandu grass in the Cerrado Paulista, in the rainy and dry seasons. Experiments were conducted to evaluate N fertilization in each season, with and without irrigation. Five N rates were used (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 per cutting), using urea as N source, totaling 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg ha-1 in the rainy season and 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 in the dry season. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot randomized block design. There was no significant interaction (p > 0.05) between N and time of fertilization in the irrigated experiment. However, N promoted a quadratic effect in organic matter production (OMP), accumulation of C and CO2 by marandu grass, while there was no influence of the seasons. In the non-irrigated experiment, the interaction between N rates and seasons was significant (p < 0.05) only for the rainy season. Organic matter production and C and CO2 accumulation was greater in the rainy season than in the dry season. Irrigation provided increases of approximately 20% in C and CO2 accumulation. The use of N and irrigation increases the accumulation of C and CO2 by marandu grass, and this increase is higher during the rainy season.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and chemical composition of Massai grass submitted to nitrogen rates and cutting heights

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2487
Author(s):  
Giselle Abadia Campos Pereira ◽  
Leni Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Joelson Antônio Silva ◽  
Rosemay Lais Galati ◽  
Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The study was carried out in a greenhouse with a 4X4 factorial arrangement randomized block design in order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3) associated with cutting heights (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) on dry matter production and the chemical composition of Massai grass. The seeding was done in pots with 11 kg of soil. 10 plants were kept per pot, and there were two cuts every 35 days. Nitrogen fertilization was split between the two cuts, where the first N application occurred after the uniformity cut and the second after the first cut. In each cut the plants were separated and weighed for botanical component evaluation: leaf blade and stem + sheath. After this, the samples were homogenized and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. In the first cut, the N fertilization caused a linear increase in DM production of 0.058 g pot-1 per each 1 mg dm-3 of N applied, as well as causing an increase of 0.549% in CP percentage, a 0.0124 pot-1 g increase in CP production and a reduction of 0.055% in NDF. In the second cut, N rates promoted a quadratic effect on DM production. A maximum DM production of 16.48 g pot-1 with 107.27 mg dm-3 of N was observed while CP production content was increased by 0.0092 g pot-1 for each 1 mg dm-3 N applied. In terms of linear responses to DM and PB, as well as the use efficiency calculated for Massai grass, recommended N doses range between 50 and 100 g dm-3.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals The Effect of N in Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer on the Activity Ability and Antioxidant Properties of Tea Shoots (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) in the Rainy and Dry Season

Agrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakarias Frans Mores Hukom
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons

Antioxidant is a term related to the activity ability and properties of the active ingredient.  The higher the ability of the antioxidant activity of an active ingredient, the stronger its antioxidant properties are to ward off various free radical compounds due to oxidative stress. The activity ability and antioxidant properties of tea shoots often fluctuate with changing seasons.  This study investigated the effect giving nitrogen levels in organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers on the ability of activity and antioxidant properties of tea shoots in different seasons. The experimental design used was a over season complete randomized block design consisting of 5 levels of fertilization concentration in the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that the application of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N concentration in the dry season had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of tea shoots by 88.14%, and 34.15% higher than control plants in the rainy season and 41.81% more. Height of control plants in the dry season. The IC50 value of tea shoots in the rainy season and dry season has very strong antioxidant properties where the order of the antioxidant properties of the control plants < all concentrations of adding N to organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers < concentration of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N.Keywords: Ability Antioxidant Activity, Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer, Tea shoots, Antioxidant Properties.

scholarly journals DOSES E MODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE UREIA REVESTIDA COM POLÍMERO NO CULTIVO DE ALFACE AMERICANA

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Hamilton César de Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Juliano da Silva Martins de Almeida ◽  
Valdeci Orioli Júnior ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e modos de aplicação de N, fornecido por meio de ureia revestida, no estado nutricional e produção de alface americana. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 6x4 + 1, sendo seis doses de N (28,75; 57,50; 115,00; 172,50; 230,00; 287,50 kg ha-1 de N), como fonte a ureia revestida, e quatro modos de aplicação do nutriente (100% da dose no transplante; 50% no transplante + 50% aos 10 dias após o transplante (DAT); 25% no transplante + 75% aos 10 dias DAT; 25% no transplante + 25% a cada cobertura, aos 10, 20 e 30 DAT). No tratamento adicional utilizou-se a ureia convencional. Foram determinados os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, a massa fresca total e comercial da cabeça, o diâmetro do caule, a altura da planta e o diâmetro da cabeça aos 30 e 60 dias após o transplante. Verificou-se que a adubação nitrogenada aumentou os teores foliares de N, Ca e Mg, e reduziu os teores foliares de K e P. Não houve influência das doses de N proveniente de ureia revestida com polímero e dos modos de aplicação nos atributos morfológicos e produtivos da cultura. Palavras-chave: Lactuca sativa L.; nitrogênio; fertilizante de liberação lenta; fertilizante de liberação controlada.   RATES AND APPLICATIONS WAYS OF POLYMER-COATED UREA IN CRISPHEAD LETTUCE CULTIVATION   ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N rates (using a polymer-coated urea) and N application ways in nutritional status and yield of crisphead lettuce. The randomized block design in a 6 x 4 + 1 factorial arrangement was used, with six N rates (28.75, 57.50, 115.00, 172.50, 230.00, 287.50 kg ha-1 of N), with the use of polymer-coated urea, and four nutrient application ways (100% of the transplant rate, 50% at the transplant + 50% at the 10 days after the transplant (DAT), 25% at the transplant + 75% at 10 days DAT, 25% at transplant + 25% at each side dressing fertilization at 10, 20 and 30 DAT). The additional treatment was related to the recommended N fertilization using conventional urea. N, P, K, Ca and Mg, total and commercial yield, stem diameter, plant height and head diameter were determined at 30 and 60 days after transplant. Nitrogen fertilization increased the N, Ca and Mg foliar levels, independently of the application way. However, in general, it reduced the leaf levels of K and P. There was no influence of N rates from polymer-coated urea and application way on the morphological attributes and yield of the crop. Keywords: Lactuca sativa L.; nitrogen; slow-release fertilizer; controlled-release fertilizer.

scholarly journals Maize nitrogen fertilization in two crop rotation systems under no-till

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-862
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Rodrigo Vianei Czycza ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
N Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate split nitrogen (N) fertilization of maize applied in band at sowing and top dressing with and without crop rotation, under no-till. The experiment was conducted with six N rates at sowing (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg ha-1) combined with three rates in top dressing (40, 70, 100 kg ha-1) and two management systems: after five cropping sequences of maize and crop rotation (maize + soybean + oat + soybean + corn) in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop rotation system increased yield in approximately 7% in relation to the area without rotation. The split of nitrogen fertilization, in rates above 39 and 54 kg ha-1 at sowing and 70 and 40 kg ha-1 in top dressing, resulted in yield higher than that obtained with the application of 100 kg ha-1 in top dressing. Grain yield was higher with the rates 50 and 70 kg ha-1 of N compared with that obtained with 20 and 100 kg ha-1 at sowing and top dressing, respectively. The rate 70 kg ha-1 of N resulted in the highest yield at the lowest cost compared with the revenues and costs incurred with the rates 40 and 100 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pods and Beans of Twelve Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) in Rainy and Dry Seasons

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adinda Wuriandani ◽  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Suyadi Mitrowiardjo ◽  
Bayu Setyawan ◽  
Indah Anita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Bean Weight

Cocoa is a sensitive plant to availability of soil water. The availability of water affects the formation of cocoa pods and beans. The aim of this research was to determine the genetic diversity and the influence of season on the diversity of cocoa beans quality as well as determining the pattern of genotype and season interaction on the quality of physical physiology of cacao beans. The research was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember during dry season (2015) and rainy season (2016). This study used a complete randomized block design 2 x 12 factorial and three replicates as blocks. The first factor was the season consisting of two levels namely, dry season and rainy season. The second factor was cocoa clones, TSH 858, KW 084, KEE 2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, BAL 209, KW 215, JTC 5A, JTC 5B, KC 2, KKM 22,and KJ 2. Observation variables included pod diameter, pod length, pod weight, dry bean weight, number of good beans/pod, number of empty beans/pod, numberof beans, and number of pods/tree/season. Data was analyzed using ANOVA fixedfactor. The bean dry weight characteristics possesed a low genetic diversity (0.27%) whereas the physical quality character of other beans, i.e bean count had moderategenetic diversity (14.20%). Meanwhile, the real difference was shown on the dry weight of bean characteristics. The best dry bean weight was observed during the dry season. Clones KW 215 and Sulawesi 1 in the dry season was catego-rized in grade A, while the lowest quality JTC 5A with grade D. The interaction of genotype (clone) with the environment (season) resulted in a significant effect onpod diameter character, pod weight, bean count, dry bean weight, and numberof pods/tree. Based on the biplot AMMI graph it was known that the TSH 858 clone showed genetic stability in bean count character. As for the character ofthe number of pods/tree, clones KKM 22, BAL 209, and KW 084 had the stability of the number of pods in rainy and dry seasons. Clones KJ 2 and Sulawesi 2 showed season-specific in the dry season for the number of pods/tree characters.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, recovery and leaching of an alexandergrass pasture

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Alceu Luiz Assmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen usually determines the productive potential of forage crops, although it is highly unstable in the environment. Studies on recovery rates and use efficiency are important for more reliable fertilizer recommendations to reduce costs and avoid environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate N use efficiency and recovery rate of Alexandergrass pasture (Brachiaria - Syn. Urochloa plantaginea) as well as N-NO3- and N-NH4+ soil concentrations using different levels of N fertilization under two grazing intensities. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with three replications. Treatments consisted of three N rates (0, 200 and 400 kg ha-1 N) and two grazing intensities termed low mass (LM; forage mass of 2,000 kg ha-1 of DM) and high mass (HM; forage mass of 3,600 kg ha-1 of DM) under continuous stocking and variable stocking rates. Results of N fertilization with 200 kg ha-1 were better than with 400 kg ha-1 N. There was a significant effect of N rates on soil N-NO3-concentration with higher levels in the first layer of the soil profile in the treatment with 400 kg ha-1 N. Grazing intensity also affected soil N-NO3- concentration, by increasing the levels under the higher stocking rate (lower forage mass).

scholarly journals GRAIN YIELD AND PATH ANALYSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF COWPEA LANDRACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
THAISY GARDÊNIA GURGEL DE FREITAS ◽  
PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA E SILVA ◽  
JÚLIO CÉSAR DOVALE ◽  
ÍTALO NUNES SILVA ◽  
EDICLEIDE MACEDO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a staple food in the Northeast of Brazil, thus, genetic improvement of this species is important. Samples of cowpea landraces were collected in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and the most promising ones were evaluated in the present study. The objective was to identify the most productive varieties and the characteristics that have greater direct effect on grain yield, for breeding purposes. Twelve landraces were evaluated using a randomized block design with five replications, in two experiments-one in the dry season, and other in the rainy season. However, water irrigation was used in both experiments, due to the almost total absence of rainfall in the rainy season. The Baraúna, and Carnaubais cowpea varieties were the most productive in both experiments. Campo Grande was the best variety found in the experiment carried out in the dry season. José da Penha, Lagoa de Pedra, Umarizal, and Upanema were the best varieties in the experiment carried out in the rainy season. The number of pods per plant was the characteristic that had greater direct effect on grain yield.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization and glyphosate doses as growth regulators in Esmeralda grass

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raíssa P. D. Gazola ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Rodolfo de N. Gazola ◽  
Regina M. M. de Castilho ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Application ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACT Despite maintaining the green color in turfgrasses, nitrogen (N) fertilization affects shoot growth and, consequently, the frequency of cuts, the main factor in the costs of turfgrass maintenance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate N fertilization and the use of glyphosate as a growth regulator in Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). The experiment was conducted in the field, from August 2014 to July 2015, using a randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four repetitions and 20 treatments, namely: control (without N), 15 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N; 30 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N; 15 g m-2 of N in soil with foliar N (1% urea in 200 L ha-1) and 30 g m-2 of N in soil with foliar N combined with glyphosate doses (0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 active ingredient (a.i.)). The N doses were split into five applications along the year. The following variables were evaluated: height, leaf chlorophyll index and foliar accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Fertilization with 15 g m-2 of N in soil without foliar N application, split into five times along the year, was adequate for the turfgrass, while foliar fertilization did not promote benefits. The glyphosate dose of 400 g ha-1 a.i. was effective in reducing the growth of Esmeralda grass, without compromising its color and promoted less N, P and K accumulation in the leaves, reducing the height and dry matter production.

scholarly journals Response of irrigated wheat cultivars to different nitrogen rates and sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Marco Eustáquio de Sá ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
N Source ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

High wheat yields require good N fertilization management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N applications at sowing using Entec (N source with nitrification inhibitor) and urea (traditional N source) at covering, on four wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four replications, at the Experimental Station of the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, on a dystrophic, epi-eutrophic alic Red Latosol with loamy texture, formerly under savannah vegetation. Four N rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) were tested, applied at sowing in the case of Entec and top-dressed 40 days after plant emergence in the case of urea, and the four wheat cultivars E 21, E 22, E 42, and IAC 370. The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest. Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield. There was no significant difference between Entec (applied at sowing) and urea (top-dressed) in terms of grain yield and yield components. Nevertheless, urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets. High nitrogen rates influenced the hectoliter mass negatively, affecting wheat grain quality. Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.

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