Potential of biogas production from swine manure supplemented with glycerine waste

In this study, was studied the biogas generation from swine manure, using residual glycerine supplementation. The biogas production by digestion occurred in the anaerobic batch system under mesophilic conditions (35°C), with a hydraulic retention time of 48 days. The experiment was performed with 48 samples divided into four groups, from these, one was kept as a control (without glycerin) and the other three groups were respectively supplemented with residual glycerine in the percentage of 3%, 6% and 9% of the total volume of the samples. The volume of biogas was controlled by an automated system for reading in laboratory scale and the quality of the biogas (CH4) measured from a specific sensor. The results showed that the residual glycerine has high potential for biogas production, with increases of 124.95%, 156.98% and 197.83% in the groups 3%, 6% and 9%, respectively, relative to the sample control. However, very high organic loads can compromise the process of digestion affecting the quality of the biogas generated in relation to methane.

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Employment of maize silage in non-liquid fermentation for biogas production

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201260060153 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zbyšek Karafiát ◽

Tomáš Vítěz ◽

Kristina Somerlíková ◽

Ján Gaduš ◽

Martin Haitl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Liquid Fermentation ◽

Batch System ◽

Mesophilic Conditions

This paper deals with the optimization of the anaerobic fermentation process of maize silage using the non-liquid technology. The aim of the paper is to increase the knowledge necessary for more efficient running of biogas stations using batch technology of non- liquid fermentation. The preferable ratio of initial materials, fresh maize silage and maize silage after partial fermentation, was verified within this experiment. Dynamics of the process, especially the quantity and quality of produced biogas has been monitored during the experiment. All the experiments have been done in the batch-system fermentors of volume of 0.48 m3 equipped with an independent and indirect circuit of water heating, the heat has been transferred to the material throught the steel wall of the fermentor. The material has been tested in the mesophilic conditions with the temperature of the 38 °C. The retention time of material in fermentors has been 27 days. The results of our experiments reveal the fact that the maize silage of lower mix ratio produced about 22.8 % more of biogas counted to one kilogram of dry matter than the maize silage of higher mix ratio.

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Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with sweet potato or cassava in different C/N ratios

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Lisandra Maraia Villa ◽

Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico ◽

Luana Alves Akamine ◽

Jorge de Lucas Junior ◽

Natália da Silva Sunada

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Total Solid ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Volatile Acidity ◽

Volatile Solids

ABSTRACT: Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of waste is a method of increasing methane (CH4) yield and improving biofertilizer quality. This study aimed to evaluate the best AcoD conditions for swine manure (SM) with sweet potato (SP) or cassava (C) in different amounts in semi-continuous biodigesters. Initially, using batch biodigesters, an AcoD test of the SM with SP or C was performed, adopting carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 10/1, 13/1, 17/1, and 22/1. Based on the results, a C/N ratio of 10/1 was chosen, which was the proportion that resulted in the highest reduction of volatile solids (VS) and specific biogas production. From these results, the experiment was carried out in semi-continuous biodigesters, consisting of three treatments (control (SM), SP 10/1, and C 10/1) with five replicates and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days. Total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) reductions, biogas and CH4 yields, alkalinity, and volatile acidity were measured. The control treatment differed from the others and resulted in decreased biogas yield (752 LN.kgVSadded -1), CH4 (449 LN.kgVSadded -1), and CH4 content (59.7%). The AcoD treatments (SP and C) did not differ significantly for biogas yield (respectively, 901 and 883 LN.kgVSadded -1) and CH4 (respectively, 590 and 547 LN.kgVSadded -1); however, they differed in CH4 content (65.5% and 61.9% respectively). The treatments showed general reduction averages of 76.1% and 85.9% for TS and VS, respectively, with no statistical difference found between them. The AcoD of the SM with SP or C increased the production and quality of the biogas, increasing the concentration of CH4 therein.

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Use of G-phase for biogas production

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201260060089 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martina Haitl ◽

Tomáš Vítěz ◽

Tomáš Koutný ◽

Radovan Kukla ◽

Tomáš Lošák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Methane Production ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Organic Waste Treatment

Biogas is very promising renewable energy resource. The number of biogas plants increase every year. Currently there is a demand for new ways of organic waste treatment from production of different commodities. One of the technologies which produce waste is biodiesel production. One of the wastes from the biodiesel production is G-phase which is mainly consisted from glycerol and methanol. The aim of work was to find the effect of G-phase addition, to fermented material, on biogas resp. methane production. Two lab-scale batch anaerobic fermentation tests (hydraulic retention time 14 and 22 days) under mesophilic temperature conditions 38.5 °C have been performed. The positive effect of G-phase addition to methane production has been found. G-phase was added in three different amounts of inoculums volume 0.5 %, 1% and 1.5 %. The highest absolute methane production has been achieved by 1.5 % addition of G-phase. However it was also found difference in specific methane production due to use of different inoculum consisted of swine or cow manure. The specific methane production in hydraulic retention time of 14 days has been for the same G-phase dose 1.5 % higher for swine manure, 0.547 m3∙kg−1 of organics solids compare with cow liquid manure 0.474 m3∙kg−1 of organics solids.

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Anaerobic thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge with a thickened sludge recycle

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.783 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 403-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Ya. Vanyushina ◽

Yu. A. Nikolaev ◽

A. M. Agarev ◽

M. V. Kevbrina ◽

M. N. Kozlov

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Digested Sludge ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Solids Retention ◽

Thermophilic Digestion

The process of anaerobic thermophilic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge with a recycled part of thickened digested sludge, was studied in semi-continuous laboratory digesters. This modified recycling process resulted in increased solids retention time (SRT) with the same hydraulic retention time (HRT) as compared with traditional digestion without recycling. Increased SRT without increasing of HRT resulted in the enhancement of volatile substance reduction by up to 68% in the reactor with the recycling process compared with 34% in a control conventional reactor. Biogas production was intensified from 0.3 L/g of influent volatile solids (VS) in the control reactor up to 0.35 L/g VS. In addition, the recycling process improved the dewatering properties of digested sludge.

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Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.7.2.93-100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Agus Haryanto ◽

Sugeng Triyono ◽

Nugroho Hargo Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Anaerobic Digester ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Average Analysis

The efficiency of biogas production in semi-continuous anaerobic digester is influenced by several factors, among other is loading rate. This research aimed at determining the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the biogas yield. Experiment was conducted using lab scale self-designed anaerobic digester of 36-L capacity with substrate of a mixture of fresh cow dung and water at a ratio of 1:1. Experiment was run with substrate initial amount of 25 L and five treatment variations of HRT, namely 1.31 gVS/L/d (P1), 2.47 gVS/L/d (P2), 3.82 gVS/L/d (P3), 5.35 gVS/L/d (P4) and 6.67 gVS/L/d (P5). Digester performance including pH, temperature, and biogas yield was measured every day. After stable condition was achieved, biogas composition was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. A 10-day moving average analysis of biogas production was performed to compare biogas yield of each treatment. Results showed that digesters run quite well with average pH of 6.8-7.0 and average daily temperature 28.7-29.1. The best biogas productivity (77.32 L/kg VSremoval) was found in P1 treatment (organic loading rate of 1.31 g/L/d) with biogas yield of 7.23 L/d. With methane content of 57.23% treatment P1 also produce the highest methane yield. Biogas production showed a stable rate after the day of 44. Modified Gompertz kinetic equation is suitable to model daily biogas yield as a function of digestion time.Article History: Received March 24th 2018; Received in revised form June 2nd 2018; Accepted June 16th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Triyono, S., and Wicaksono, N.H. (2018) Effect of Loading Rate on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 93-100.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.93-100

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Anaerobic biodigestion of pigs feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages fed with diets formulated with corn or sorghum

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162012000100006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adélia P. Miranda ◽

Jorge de Lucas Junior ◽

Maria C. Thomaz ◽

Gener T. Pereira ◽

Ellen H. Fukayama

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Average Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Zn And Cu In ◽

The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and the production of biogas and biofertilizer obtained from biodigester supplied with pig feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages, fed with diets formulated based on corn or sorghum. Twenty bench biodigesters were used with hydraulic retention time of 30 days and daily loads that contained 4 to 6% of total solids (TS) and 3.6 to 5.2% of volatile solids (VS). In the effluent of the biodigesters, mean levels of TS were observed ranging between 1.6 and 2.0% and of VS between 1.2 and 1.6%. The mean reductions of TS were 57.7 to 64.7% and of VS from 61.7 to 69.0%, and there was only difference in the finishing phase, in which the major averages reductions were produced by the biodigesters supplied with feces from animals fed with diets based on corn. In biodigesters supplied with feces from animals in the initial and growing stages fed with diets based on corn, were observed higher average productions of biogas and the greatest average potentials of biogas production. The average potentials obtained were 0.033; 0.181; 0.685; 0.788 and 1.132 m³ per kg of affluent, manure, TS added, VS added and VS reduced, respectively. No differences were found on the average content of methane in the biogas between diets and stages. The average concentrations of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the biodigester affluent and effluent, ranged between diets and stages.

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Start-Up Operation and Hydraulic Retention Time Selectivity for Palm Oil Mill Wastewater at Mesophilic Temperature in Anaerobic Suspended Growth Closed Bioreactor

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1330 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 1330-1334

Author(s):

Yee Shian Wong ◽

Tjoon Tow Teng ◽

Soon An Ong ◽

Morad Norhashimah ◽

Mohd Rafatullah

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Retention Time ◽

Anaerobic Degradation ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Anaerobic Bioreactor ◽

Start Up ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Pome Wastewater

The start-up operation and hydraulic retention time (HRT) selectivity of anaerobic degradation for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater was carried out in an anaerobic bioreactor. HRT between 35 and 5 days were investigated. The start-up process for the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater was found to be completed after 40 days of operation. This study also recommended that the anaerobic degradation of POME wastewater should be operated at the HRT between 35 and 10 days without acid risk. The performance of anaerobic bioreactor could reach 90.55% - 87.55% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, 0.06 - 0.40 ratio between volatile fatty acid (VFA) and alkalinity (Alk), -368.2 mV to-445.80 mV of oxygen reduction potential (ORP) and 9.08 - 37.2 liters of biogas production, respectively.

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Performance, Microbial Community Analysis and Fertilizer Value of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cattle Manure with Waste Kitchen Oil

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 239-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ricardo Galbiatti Sandoval Nogueira ◽

Teng Teeh Lim ◽

Haoqi Wang ◽

Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Community Analysis ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Microbial Community Analysis ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Replication Control ◽

Mesophilic Conditions

Abstract. Co-digestion trials of beef cattle manure and waste kitchen oil (WKO) were conducted to evaluate potential increase of biogas production for a local beef farm anaerobic digester. The trials were conducted using laboratory-scale, semi-continuously loaded digesters under mesophilic conditions, with 21-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). In a preliminary test, WKO was added at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by volume, each with replicate digesters (n=2), except for the 0% level, which had one digester (n=1). Methane (CH4) yield per week increased linearly with WKO levels. Populations of bacteriodetes decreased, while clostridiales and synergistales increased with the WKO levels. A second test was conducted using treatments with more replication: control (n=3), and 1.0% (n=3) and 2% (n=3) WKO levels. Methane yields of the 1.0% and 2.0% WKO levels were 79.1% and 203% higher than the control, respectively. Addition of WKO have resulted in changes of the metagenomics of the digesters. Populations of clostridiales increased, while bacteroidales and euryarchaeota methanomicrobia YC-E6 decreased with the WKO levels. The findings confirm adding low amounts (1% and 2%) of WKO as co-digestion feedstock can be an effective way to increase CH4 yield for beef operation anaerobic digestion, especially when there are available feedstock nearby. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Methane, Semi-continuous digesters.

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Première of films arranged by the Shell International Petroleum Company

Notes and Records the Royal Society journal of the history of science ◽

10.1098/rsnr.1961.0021 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 93-94

Keyword(s):

Natural Science ◽

Royal Society ◽

The Other ◽

High Quality ◽

Natural Knowledge ◽

Royal Dutch Shell ◽

The One ◽

Petroleum Company ◽

Very High

On the afternoon of Friday 22 July, a premiere of films was given at the Royal Festival Hall and was followed by a Reception at Tea when Mr F. J. Stephens acted as host for the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies. The programme was introduced by Sir Cyril Flinshelwood, President of the Royal Society, who said: . ‘In the Charter of the Royal Society the improvement of natural knowledge is coupled with that of the useful arts. Now the tradition fortunately exists in this country of good relations between the great industries on the one hand and the cultivators of natural science on the other: or I would prefer to say the very nebulous line that there is between these two branches of activity is evidence of the fact that this part of the Charter has in fact not been ignored. That the Shell Group of Companies, one of the greatest and most important, has made the extremely generous gesture of preparing the very splendid film that you will presently see in honour of the Tercentenary of the Royal Society proves that the tradition that I have spoken of is alive and vigorous. ‘You will presently agree that the film also demonstrates the very high quality of the Film Unit which the Company has maintained for, I understand, something over a quarter of a century.

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Storage effects on flour quality of commonly consumed cereals

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 551-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Preeti Goyal ◽

Lakshman Kumar Chugh ◽

Mukesh Kumar Berwal

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Water Extract ◽

Storage Period ◽

The Other ◽

Flour Quality ◽

Storage Effects ◽

Very High

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of storage period on flour quality of wheat, maize and pearl millet. Their flour were stored at 15 °C and 82 % relative humidity RH for one month and changes in fat acidity (FA), activities of peroxidase (POX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in control and stored flour along with change in pH of water extract of flour were monitored. Increase in FA (mg KOH/100 g d.m.) and decrease in pH of flour was maximal in pearl millet (287.5 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.4) followed by maize (151 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.23) and wheat (61 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.1) respectively. A decline in activity of POX, LOX and PPO was observed during storage. Pearl millet flour possessed almost double activity of POX (413 Units/g d.m.) in comparison to wheat (198 Units/g d.m.) and 1.3 fold higher than that of maize (153 Units/g d.m.) and even after decrease activity of POX was higher in flour of pearl millet compared to the other two. However, activity of LOX and PPO was found to be comparable in fresh flour of pearl millet, maize and wheat. Since pearl millet has poor shelf life and increase in FA, decrease in pH and activity of POX was found to be very high in pearl millet (poor shelf life) as compared to wheat and maize, therefore, these selected parameters might be used as biochemical markers to determine shelf life of flour.

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