scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
Nugroho Hargo Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Average Analysis

The efficiency of biogas production in semi-continuous anaerobic digester is influenced by several factors, among other is loading rate. This research aimed at determining the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the biogas yield. Experiment was conducted using lab scale self-designed anaerobic digester of 36-L capacity with substrate of a mixture of fresh cow dung and water at a ratio of 1:1. Experiment was run with substrate initial amount of 25 L and five treatment variations of HRT, namely 1.31 gVS/L/d (P1), 2.47 gVS/L/d (P2), 3.82 gVS/L/d (P3), 5.35 gVS/L/d (P4) and 6.67 gVS/L/d (P5). Digester performance including pH, temperature, and biogas yield was measured every day. After stable condition was achieved, biogas composition was analyzed using a gas chromatograph. A 10-day moving average analysis of biogas production was performed to compare biogas yield of each treatment. Results showed that digesters run quite well with average pH of 6.8-7.0 and average daily temperature 28.7-29.1. The best biogas productivity (77.32 L/kg VSremoval) was found in P1 treatment (organic loading rate of 1.31 g/L/d) with biogas yield of 7.23 L/d. With methane content of 57.23% treatment P1 also produce the highest methane yield. Biogas production showed a stable rate after the day of 44. Modified Gompertz kinetic equation is suitable to model daily biogas yield as a function of digestion time.Article History: Received March 24th 2018; Received in revised form June 2nd 2018; Accepted June 16th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Triyono, S., and Wicaksono, N.H. (2018) Effect of Loading Rate on Biogas Production from Cow Dung in A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Digester. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 93-100.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.93-100

scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) to the Nata de coco Anaerobic Treatment Eficiency and its Wastewater Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istna Nafi Azzahrani ◽  
Fanny Arivia Davanti ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Standard Rate

In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on process stability of nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester. The standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 8.5 L was used to investigate the effect of three different hydraulic retention times (15, 20, and 25 days), and a standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 9.1 L was operated at different organic loading rates of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L/day. The findings revealed that minimum HRT for nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester was achieved at HRT 20 days. Based on data from this study, the reduction of organic content in nata de coco wastewater increased when OLR increased until 1 g/L/day. But then those parameters value decreased when OLR being increased further to 1.5 g/L/day. It showed that at 1.5 g/L/day the amount of substrate fed to the system was exceeding the total degradation capacity of methanogenic microorganisms, hence the organic overload happened and decreased the efficiency of organic content reduction in anaerobic treatment of nata de coco wastewater.

scholarly journals Effect of Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion on the Substrate Solubilisation of Lignin-Rich Steam-Exploded Ludwigia grandiflora

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4452
Author(s):  
Pranshu Bhatia ◽  
Masaaki Fujiwara ◽  
Maria Cecilia D. Salangsang ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Steam Explosion Pretreatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ludwigia Grandiflora

In this study, semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of lignin-rich steam-exploded Ludwigia grandiflora (Lignin = 25.22% ± 4.6% total solids) was performed to understand better the effect of steam explosion on the substrate solubilisation and inhibitors formation during the process. Steam explosion pretreatment was performed at 180 °C for 30 min at a severity factor of 3.8 to enhance the biogas yield of the lignocellulosic biomass. The semi-continuous anaerobic digestion was performed in a continuously stirred tank reactor for 98 days at an initial hydraulic retention time of 30 days and an organic loading rate of 0.9 g-VS L−1day−1. The performed steam explosion pretreatment caused biomass solubilisation, resulting in enhanced biogas production during the process. During the anaerobic digestion process, the average biogas yield was 265 mL g-VS−1, and the pH throughout the operation was in the optimum range of 6.5–8.2. Due to fluctuations in the biogas yield, the hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate were changed on day 42 (50 days and 0.5 g-VS L−1day−1) and on day 49 (40 days and 0.7 g-VS L−1day−1), and 1 M of NaOH was added to the liquid fraction of the steam-exploded L. grandiflora during the latter part of the operation to maintain the stability in the reactor. Therefore, the steam explosion pretreatment helped in the degradation of L. grandiflora by breaking the lignocellulose structure. In addition, changes in the operating conditions of the anaerobic digestion led to an increase in the biogas production towards the end of the process, leading to the stability in the CSTR.

Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of Slurry on Biogas Production Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Maizirwan Mel ◽  
Nadiah Mohd Suhuli ◽  
Avicenna ◽  
Sany Izan Ihsan ◽  
Ahmad Faris Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biogas Yield

In this study, three different concentration of organic loading rate (OLR) were investigated to examine the effect of the change in the organic loading rate on the efficiency of the biogas production. Daily amount of biogas of different type of organic loading rate (OLR), rates of production of biogas, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS) matter, volatile solids (VS) matter from the slurry were investigated in 30 days retention tyme using 50 L digester. The digester was operated at different organic feeding rates of 25000 mg/L COD, 50000 mg/L COD, and 75000 mg/L COD. The material used in this system is the fruits waste, vegetables waste and cow dung. The system operated in continuous system. The reactor showed stable performance with the highest quality of methane (concentration about70.3% of CH4) and rate of biogas production is 38.1 L/day with COD reduction of 52.1% during organic loading rate 50000 mg/L COD. As the organic loading rate was increased, the COD degradation and biogas yield decreased. Based on this result, the OLR of 50000 mg/L COD is suggested as design criteria for pilot biogas production.

Optimization of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate in Anaerobic Digestion of Squeezed Pineapple Liquid Wastes for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napisa Pattharaprachayakul ◽  
Narumon Kesonlam ◽  
Pongpitak Duangjumpa ◽  
Vilai Rungsardthong ◽  
Worakrit Suvajittanont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Liquid Wastes

Pineapple wastes are produced in huge amount during the industrial canning process of pineapple; in Thailand over 400,000 tons per annum of canned pineapple exported leaving behind the waste. Besides the pulps and peels as solid wastes, the squeezed pineapple liquid wastes (SPLW) extracted from solid wastes can also be used for anaerobic digestion. In the present study, the anaerobic digestion of liquid squeezed from industrial pineapple peels was carried out using a lab-scale hybrid reactor. The reactor was operated for over 170 days with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days decreasing down to 5 days and simultaneous control of organic loading rate (OLR). Under controlled conditions in the hybrid reactor, pH was maintained at 6.5–7.6 by adding alkaline for anaerobic microbial activity. Results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was at ≥ 90% for all conditions. The biogas production (mL/day) increased thoroughly from longer HRT to shorter HRT, as same as methane production with the maximum values (HRT 5 days, OLR 5 g/COD/ day with recirculation) of 55,130 and 30,322 mL/day, respectively. Moreover, the highest yields of biogas and methane were also investigated under similar conditions with the values of 0.504 and 0.277 L/gCOD, respectively. Interestingly, this optimization of both HRT and OLR of lab-scale anaerobic digestion process could be further practically applied to pilot or industrial scale in canned pineapple factories for biogas production.

scholarly journals The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gustavsson ◽  
B. H. Svensson ◽  
A. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Sulfate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 °C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L−1), Ni (0.2 mg L−1) and Fe (0.5 g L−1) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L−1 day−1.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

Effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) on Biogas Yield Using a Single and Three-Stages Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Reactors

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro ◽  
Patrick Okechukwu Ebunilo ◽  
Godwin Ejuvwedia Sadjere
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Three Stages

The rate at which feedstock is added to the anaerobic digester (AD) reactor has to be adjusted for the growth rate of methanogens bacteria. Increase in biogas yield is as a result of improved mathanogens forming bacteria. Under loading and over loading of feedstock in the AD reactor has effect on methanogens forming bacteria. If more feedstock is added than the bacteria are able to degrade, the process will become acidic. Feedstock has to been fed to the reactor at a uniform rate and volume. If feeding pattern has to change, this must be done gradually so that bacteria can adapt to the new conditions. For optimum biogas yield, required amount of feedstock must be added to the AD reactor. The aim of this research work is to determine the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas yield from food waste, water hyacinth, cow dung, waste water from abattoir, poultry dropping and pig dung. The experimental set up comprises of single stage and three-stage continuous AD reactors. The same quantity and composition of feedstock were used and this was subjected to a variation of OLR 0.5 kg/m3(1.5 kg/m3, 2 kg/m3, 2.5 kg/m3, and 3 kg/m3). The experiment was conducted within a mesophilic temperature range of 36°C-37°C, percentage total solid (%TS) of 9.98% and percentage volatile solid (%VS) of 78%. pH meter was used to monitored the daily pH reading of the slurry. It was observed that the quantity of biogas yield from the feedstock increases with increasing organic load rate to the optimum value of 1.5 kg/m3and started decreasing above the optimum value for a single stage AD reactor but this was not the case for the three-stages continuous AD reactors that experienced continuous increase in biogas yield with a successive increase in OLR from 1-5 kg/m3-3.0 kg/m3.

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