scholarly journals Performance of Crops Grown in Succession to Soybeans Treated with Different Residual Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. SOUSA ◽  
M.B. TEIXEIRA ◽  
A. JAKELAITIS ◽  
F.N. CUNHA ◽  
N.F. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Block Arrangement

ABSTRACT: Herbicides with residual effect applied in soybeans may affect the productivity of late harvest crops grown in succession. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of adzuki bean crops, crambe, millet and palisade grass pasture grown in succession to soybean crop treated with residual herbicides, as well as assess the contribution in weed management. Four trials were conducted in field conditions at the soybean crop in the harvest and then succeeded by adzuki bean crops, crambe, millet and palisade grass as late harvest. An experimental design was adopted in a randomized block arrangement with four replications and nine treatments represented by the application of residual herbicides: imazethapyr (1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1), chlorimuron (60 and 90 g ha-1), fomesafen (1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1) and chloransulan methyl (74.6 and 71.4 g ha-1) and without herbicide control, kept in manual weeding. The herbicides were efficient in weed control in soybeans, not affecting crop yield. However, there was no residual activity of herbicides contribution in reducing infestation in the late harvest crops. The herbicides did not promote phytotoxicity to crops of crambe, beans, millet and palisadegrass pasture when they were compared with the other treatments. The beans treated with methyl chloransulan, regardless of dose, showed a higher yield. The absence of phytotoxicity to crops can be associated with rainfall incident on soybens which contributed to the dissipation of herbicides.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTENDER AND AMARELO JAPONÊS CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REPLACEMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-994
Author(s):  
JANAINA BORGES DE AZEVEDO FRANÇA ◽  
FREDERICO ANTONIO LOUREIRO SOARES ◽  
NEI PEIXOTO ◽  
MUZA DO CARMO VIEIRA ◽  
ANDERSON DIAS VAZ DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
State University ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

ABSTRACT The use of cultivars appropriate to the soil and climate characteristics of a region provides farmers with security by facilitating credit for crop financing and improving product prices in local commerce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of “Contender” and “Amarelo Japonês” green bean bush cultivars grown in the Cerrado in terms of water replenishment (RH) of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of evaporation using the Piché evaporimeter. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, on the Ipameri Campus. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Sowing was done in May 2017, with treatments distributed in a split-plots scheme with water replenishment in plots and cultivar subplots with 3 replications. The analyzed variables were: height; stem diameter; leaf number; leaf area; number of inflorescences; number of flowers; fresh and dry mass of the plant; number, length, diameter, fresh and dry mass of the pods. The different water replenishment rates increased the mean plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of bean seeds per pod, and number of bean seeds per plant in the cultivars “Amarelo Japonês” and “Contender.” Water replenishment of 125% produced higher development and better agronomic performance in the two cultivars than the other rates.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

scholarly journals PERSISTENCE OF IMIDAZOLINONES IN SOILS UNDER A CLEARFIELD SYSTEM OF RICE CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. SOUZA ◽  
M.D. C. NETO ◽  
M.I. MARINHO ◽  
D.T. SARAIVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT The commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic herbicides has been used for the control of red rice and several other species of weeds found in rice crops; this system called Clearfield. However, its use may limit the succession of non-tolerant crops for long residual activity. The research objective with this work was to determine the persistence of imazethapyr, imazapic and their mixture in three soils in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, each corresponding to the evaluated soil (Haplic Plinthosol (FX), red-yellow Latosol (LVA) and Haplic Gleysol (GX)). The treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with the allocated plots herbicides (imazethapyr and imazapic alone and commercial mixture) and the plots allocated the 11 evaluation times (1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 days after treatment (DAT)), and a control without application. Contacted up long residual effect of imazethapyr and commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic, regardless of assessed soil. After 150 days of applying herbicides or the commercial mixture, their residues in the soil also inhibited approximately 94% of the mass of the dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants. When imazapic was applied alone, there was a higher dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants, indicating less residual effect of this herbicide in the soil and this was attributed to the lower dose of this herbicide applied. The attributes of the soil pH, texture and iron oxides were what most affected the persistence of the herbicides. It can be concluded that the persistence of imazethapyr and imazapic is too long in the Brazilian state of Tocantins soils and the use of these herbicides in the region should be avoided due to the high risk of the occurrence of carryover,or be well planned, as land use in rotation for susceptible crops.

scholarly journals Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
D. A. Okpara ◽  
C. O. Muoneke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Horticultural Research

Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

Edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under biological fertilizers, doses and application times

2020 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Biological fertilizers promote several benefits to the soil, and one of the ways to evaluate their quality is to determine the edaphic respiration. The present study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were performed with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compost, one using bovine manure (BM) and the other, sheep manure (SM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 dm³ ha-1), application times (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting – DAT) and the absolute control. The following variables were evaluated during the night and day: soil surface temperature (Tsurf) and 10 cm deep (T10), soil moisture (M) and edaphic respiration (ER). SM provided the highest ER in the two shifts evaluated. The use of 400 and 300 dm³ ha-1 of SM, at times of 0 and 30 DAT, respectively, provided greater edaphic respiration in relation to the absence of manure during the day.

Residual Effect of Weed Management Practices Executed in Preceding Maize on Succeeding Greengram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram. 

Bioactivity of oxymatrine and azadirachtin against Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their compatibility with the predator Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Jacob Savi ◽  
Marcio Barbosa Martins ◽  
Gilberto José De Moraes ◽  
Fabien Charles Cossi Hountondji ◽  
Daniel Júnior Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tetranychus Evansi ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Phytoseiulus Longipes ◽  
Screen House

Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the main tomato pests in several countries, mainly in Africa, and applications of synthetic acaricides are the main strategy for its control. Efficient biopesticides to suppress pest populations, with low toxicity against natural enemies, is highly desirable for integrated pest management. Here, we evaluated under laboratory conditions the effect of azadirachtin- and oxymatrine-based formulations on each development stage of T. evansi and on the adult stage of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes, the single promising predator of this pest. We also assessed the residual effect of these biopesticides on T. evansi under laboratory conditions on leaflets excised from treated tomato plants maintained in a screen-house 1, 5, and 10 days after application. Azadirachtin-based formulations were effective in controlling T. evansi immature stages. Oxymatrine-based treatments controlled T. evansi immatures and adult females faster than azadirachtin-based treatments. Both biopesticides had no effect on T. evansi eggs, but oxymatrine-based treatments were highly efficient on newly hatched T. evansi larvae. Oxymatrine displayed residual activity that controlled T. evansi up to 10 days after application. Azadirachtin formulations caused lower mortality of P. longipes adults (8–28%) and slightly reduced fecundity (24.8–56.1%). In contrast, oxymatrine treatments caused higher mortality (60–88%) of the predator and reduced substantiality its fecundity (73.1–90.7%). Our findings suggest that Azadirachtin and oxymatrine provide effective control of T. evansi. Azadirachtin may be relatively safer to the predatory mites whereas oxymatrine should be used with caution, to avoid suppression of P. longipes.

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and carbohydrates in hybrid rye and other cereal grains fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Period Data ◽  
D 12

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, starch, and total dietary fiber (TDF), and the concentration of ME in 2 hybrids of rye (Bono and Brasetto) are not different from values for barley, wheat, corn, and sorghum. Twenty-four ileal cannulated barrows (28.1 ± 3.0 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to a 2-period experimental design with 6 diets and 4 replicate pigs in each 13-d period. Diets consisted of 97% of each grain, and no pig received the same diet twice. Urine and feces were collected for 4 d after 5 d of diet adaptation, and ileal digesta were collected on d 12 and 13 of each period. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of diet and the random effects of pig and period. The ME (DM basis) was greatest (P < 0.05) in corn and wheat, and least (P < 0.05) in barley, and the ME in Bono and Brasetto rye was 3,499 and 3,459 kcal/kg DM, respectively (Table 1). In all grains, the AID of starch was greater than 90%, and the ATTD of starch was nearly 100%. The AID of TDF was reduced (P < 0.05) in Bono rye compared with all other cereal grains, but the ATTD of TDF was greater (P < 0.05) in Bono and Brasetto rye than in the other grains. In conclusion, the current data indicate that rye results in reduced pre-cecal absorption of energy compared with wheat, corn, and sorghum, but hindgut fermentation of fiber is greater for pigs fed rye. The ME in hybrid rye is not different from values for barley and sorghum, but less than in wheat and corn.

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

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