Digestibility and microbial efficiency in steers fed diets based on corn silage hybrids and concentrate levels

A trial involving a 2x2 factorial design was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn silage hybrids and concentrate levels (25 and 50%) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal characteristics and microbial efficiency in steers. Four ruminal and abomasal cannulated steers (512±25kg of birth weight), were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of 75% silage A + 25% concentrate; 50% silage A + 50% concentrate; 75% silage B + 25% concentrate; and 50% silage B + 50% concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. There were no differences in the intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein, and ether extract. The intake of non fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients were positively affected by concentrate levels. The digestibility of DM and OM were also positively affected by concentrate levels. There were no effects of treatments on ruminal pH values, ruminal ammonia-N, and microbial efficiency.

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Different Sources Of Fat In Supplements For Beef Cattle At Pasture

10.21203/rs.3.rs-529121/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucien Bissi da Freiria ◽

Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis ◽

Nelcino Francisco de Paula ◽

Mozart Alves Fonseca ◽

Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Different Sources

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of the fat supplementation source (free oil and rumen-protected fat) on the nutrient intake and digestion of beef cattle at pasture. Five rumen-cannulated Nelore bulls, with an average 467.8±32.8 kg of body weight (BW) and age of 26 months, were distributed in a Latin square design (5 x 5). The treatments were as follows: WF: without fat, PS: rumen-protected fat soybean oil, PA: rumen-protected fat palm oil, SO: soybean free oil, and CO: corn free oil. Nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal pH and ammonia (NH3-N), serum urea, and nitrogen balance were analyzed. The supplements with different fat sources did not alter (P>0.05) the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), forage, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral digestibility fiber (NDF), neutral digestibility corrected ash and protein (NDFap), nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) or total digestible nutrients (TDN), except ether extract (EE). An increase (P<0.05) in the intake and digestibility was observed with the inclusion of a fat supply, independent of the fat source. Differences were observed between the WF and other supplements with regard to ruminal parameters (pH and NH3-N) (P>0.05) and serum urea (P>0.05). The nitrogen balance was not affected by the fat source (P>0.05). Supplementation of grazing beef cattle with 2 g/kg BW low-level free oil (130 g/kg DM supplement) or rumen protection (160 g/kg DM supplement) did not interfere with the characteristic nutrient intake and digestibility.

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Intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and microbial protein synthesis in crossbred steers fed diets based on Brachiaria grass silage and sorghum silage

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352009000600012 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 1328-1338 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F.H.M. Chizzotti ◽

O.G. Pereira ◽

S.C. Valadares Filho ◽

M.L. Chizzotti ◽

M.I. Leão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Sorghum Silage ◽

Matter Basis

A trial was carried out with four Holstein x Nellore crossbred steers (225±22kg of BW) fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulaes in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design to evaluate the intake and the total and partial apparent digestibilities of nutrients, ruminal parameters, and microbial synthesis. Diets consisted of 60% silage and 40% concentrate formulated to be isonitrogenous (12.5% of crude protein, dry matter basis). Treatments consisted of different proportions of Brachiaria brizantha grass silage and sorghum silage: 100:0; 67:33; 33:67, and 0:100%, respectively, on dry matter basis. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients linearly increased (P<0.01) as levels of sorghum silage increased. The total apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber linearly increased with sorghum silage levels (P<0.02). The highest ruminal NH3-N (13.63mg/dL) levels occurred at 2.94h post-feeding whereas the lowest ruminal pH (5.87) was measured at 5.21h post-feeding. Microbial efficiency was not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. The use of 67% of sorghum silage and 33% of grass silage increased intake and digestibility of nutrients without affecting ruminal pH, ruminal NH3-N, and microbial efficiency.

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Intake, digestibility and recovery of grains from feces of steers fed different oilseeds

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402121272020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Tenório OLIVEIRA ◽

Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de GOES ◽

Jefferson Rodrigues GANDRA ◽

Mayara Andressa SABEDOT ◽

Milene Puntel OSMARI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Ammonia Content ◽

Nutritional Profile ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Fermentation Parameters

ABSTRACT Oilseed grains are used as a protein and energy source, increasing the energy density of the feed. The goal of the present study was to determine the nutritional profile of canola, crambe and soybean grains recovered from feces, and to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation parameters of beef cattle receiving whole grains of oilseeds. Three steers, 350 ± 23.5 kg body weight were distributed in a not contemporary, 3 × 3 double Latin square, and fed oilseed grains. Inclusion of crambe grain reduced dry matter intake by 21.02%, with a higher digestibility coefficient for EE and NDF. The crude protein content of canola and crambe grains recovered were similar, but the EE content was higher for the crambe grain (26.46%). Soybean showed the lowest values of chemical composition for grains recovered from feces. The highest dry matter intake (7.86 kg/day), and the lowest NDF digestibility (0.203g/kg), were found for animals fed soybean. The inclusion of crambe grains reduced the rumen ammonia content (10.97 mg/dL); however, the ruminal pH was not altered by the inclusion of grains in the diet. Canola and soybean grains can be included in the cattle diet without altering dry matter intake; while the inclusion of crambe grains reduces the dry matter intake and the ruminal ammonia content of the animals. Crambe grain showed the highest recovery of dry matter and ether extract from feces.

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Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700100067 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

G. L. Mabey ◽

R. Rose Innes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

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Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000500009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriana de Souza Martins ◽

Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽

Marili Lopes Lederer ◽

José Luís Moletta ◽

Shivelly Los Galetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Cycle ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Ph Values ◽

Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

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Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402016000300014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 484-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽

Adriana GUIM ◽

Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS ◽

Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira SOUZA ◽

Stela Antas URBANO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Feed Supplementation ◽

Total Carbohydrates

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.

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Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Katharina Bünemann ◽

Maren Johannes ◽

Rolf Schmitz ◽

Julia Hartwiger ◽

Dirk von Soosten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Group Differences ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Nutrient Flows ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Matter Basis

The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.

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PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 229-229

Author(s):

Bokyung Hong ◽

Beob G Kim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Different Doses ◽

Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P < 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

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Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600010485 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 ◽

pp. 55-55

Author(s):

Heather J Black ◽

D H B Chestnutt

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Additional Influence ◽

Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

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Effect of incorporating forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) hay into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 716-728

Author(s):

A.A. Pursley ◽

B. Biligetu ◽

T.D. Warkentin ◽

H.A. Lardner ◽

G.B. Penner

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Reduced Crude Protein ◽

Microbial N

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion rate of pea hay in barley or oat hay diets for beef cattle. Six ruminally cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square (25 d periods) with a 2 × 3 factorial design. Treatments included whole-crop barley or oat hay with pea hay blended in to achieve inclusion rates of 0%, 15%, or 30% (dry matter basis) of the forage. Pea hay inclusion increased dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg d−1 relative to diets without pea hay, but the response was not linear or quadratic. Inclusion of pea hay linearly increased mean ruminal pH (P = 0.039), the concentration of butyrate in ruminal fluid (P = 0.013), plasma urea nitrogen (N) concentration (P = 0.001), and quadratically increased ruminal ammonia concentration (P < 0.001). Pea hay inclusion reduced crude protein (CP) digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments (P = 0.025), but did not affect N intake, microbial N, or N excretion. Overall, pea hay inclusion increased DMI, increased ruminal butyrate concentration, but reduced CP digestibility without affecting N balance.

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