scholarly journals Spatial statistical methods in health

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Application Area ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Geographical Epidemiology

The study of the geographical distribution of disease incidence and its relationship to potential risk factors (referred to here as ''geographical epidemiology") has provided, and continues to provide, rich ground for the application and development of statistical methods and models. In recent years increasingly powerful and versatile statistical tools have been developed in this application area. This paper discusses the general classes of problem in geographical epidemiology and reviews the key statistical methods now being employed in each of the application areas identified. The paper does not attempt to exhaustively cover all possible methods and models, but extensive references are provided to further details and to additional approaches. The overall aim is to provide a picture of the "current state of the art" in the use of spatial statistical methods in epidemiological and public health research. Following the review of methods, the main software environments which are available to implement such methods are discussed. The paper concludes with some brief general reflections on the epidemiological and public health implications of the use of spatial statistical methods in health and on associated benefits and problems.

Assessment of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Preschool-Age Children: Priorities for Research

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Charlene R. Burgeson ◽  
Geraldine R. Perry ◽  
Bettylou Sherry ◽  
Deborah A. Galuska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Current State ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Public Health Functions

An expert panel workshop had two specific aims: (a) to review the current state of knowledge of existing methods for assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior in order to determine their reliability, validity, feasibility, strengths, and limitations and (b) to set research priorities and recommendations to enable the use of reliable and valid instruments for assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior within the context of three public health functions for children ages 2–5 years. Experts presented four major recommendations for research priorities at the conclusion of the 2-day workshop. The need to develop valid methods for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior was considered the necessary first step to accomplish meaningful physical activity surveillance, public health research, and intervention research for children ages 2–5 years.

scholarly journals Current Review of Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Selia Chowdhury ◽  
Mehedi Hasan Bappy ◽  
Samia Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Shahraj Chowdhury ◽  
Nurjahan Shipa Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Capability Of Detection

Mutations are causing SARS-CoV-2 to alter its genetic structure to improve its potential to elude the immune system, making vaccine buildout against the virus more difficult. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been found up to this point; based on their impact on public health some are considered variants of concern (VOCs) and some are considered variants of interests. VOCs are linked to superior transmissibility, a decline in neutralization by natural or vaccine induced antibodies, evading capability of detection, and a reduction in the efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics. In this article, a SARS-CoV-2 subtype, known as Delta, has been revised to provide the current state of the art and an appropriate foundation for future research works. The evolution, pathogenesis, current trends of transmission, associated symptoms, suggested prevention and treatments, and vaccine efficacy of Delta variant are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Ensuring Confidentiality of Geocoded Health Data: Assessing Geographic Masking Strategies for Individual-Level Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Zandbergen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Random Perturbation ◽  
Health Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Geocoded Data

Public health datasets increasingly use geographic identifiers such as an individual’s address. Geocoding these addresses often provides new insights since it becomes possible to examine spatial patterns and associations. Address information is typically considered confidential and is therefore not released or shared with others. Publishing maps with the locations of individuals, however, may also breach confidentiality since addresses and associated identities can be discovered through reverse geocoding. One commonly used technique to protect confidentiality when releasing individual-level geocoded data is geographic masking. This typically consists of applying a certain amount of random perturbation in a systematic manner to reduce the risk of reidentification. A number of geographic masking techniques have been developed as well as methods to quantity the risk of reidentification associated with a particular masking method. This paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art in geographic masking, summarizing the various methods and their strengths and weaknesses. Despite recent progress, no universally accepted or endorsed geographic masking technique has emerged. Researchers on the other hand are publishing maps using geographic masking of confidential locations. Any researcher publishing such maps is advised to become familiar with the different masking techniques available and their associated reidentification risks.

scholarly journals Incorporating intersectionality into quantitative research methods in public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bauer ◽  
A Scheim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Equal Interest ◽  
Additive Scale ◽  
Variable Measurement

Abstract Introduction The use of intersectionality as an explicit theoretical framework in quantitative public health research is relatively recent, and has involved a wide array of study design and statistical methods. As best practices have not been identified, guidance for research design and analysis is needed. Methods We draw on a review of the literature and our own methods publications to present an overview of key considerations in approaching public health research from an intersectional perspective. Results Key considerations differ for descriptive studies of intersectional inequalities and analytic studies of potential causes of those inequalities, as research methodologies and their strengths and limitations differ. For descriptive studies, considerations include specification of intersectional groups, multiplicative vs. additive scale for analysis of effects and interactions, limitations of data sets, whether all intersectional groups are of equal interest, and choosing statistical methods. For analytic studies, considerations include whether potential causal factors are relevant and measurable for all intersections or are specific to some, variable measurement, different options in standardization or control of confounding, and statistical analysis methods. Discussion We present considerations in incorporating intersectionality frameworks, and provide tools for conceptualizing intersectionality-informed quantitative public health research.

scholarly journals MOVI-da 10! An Active Breaks Programme to Improve Health and Cognitive Performance in Preschool Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairena Sánchez López ◽  
◽  
Abel Ruiz Hermosa ◽  
Vicente Martínez Vizcaíno ◽  
Andrés Redondo Tébar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Active Breaks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

The first part of this book describes the background and the current state of the art through a summary about: obesity and sedentary lifestyles as one of today’s main public health problems; the relationship between PA, obesity and academic and cognitive performance; and the most recent findings on PA in the classroom, as a tool to improve health and cognitive performance in early childhood. The first part also details the aims and methodology used in the MOVI-da 10! study. The second part specifies the characteristics of the MOVI-da 10! programme, and provides copiable session plans of the 100 activities used in the programme, which can be of use for any professional interested in implementing PA interventions based on active breaks in the classroom.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Greece Reveals Low Rates of Onward Virus Transmission after Lifting of Travel Restrictions Based on Risk Assessment during Summer 2020

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Georgia Kostaki ◽  
Georgios A. Pavlopoulos ◽  
Kleio-Maria Verrou ◽  
Giannis Ampatziadis-Michailidis ◽  
Vaggelis Harokopos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Virus Screening

Our study based on current state-of-the-art molecular epidemiology methods suggests that virus screening and public health measures after the lifting of travel restrictions prevented SARS-CoV-2 onward transmission from imported cases during summer 2020 in Greece. These findings provide important data on the efficacy of targeted public health measures and have important implications regarding the safety of international travel during a pandemic.

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