scholarly journals Trends in dietary patterns of Latin American populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S87-S99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilia I. Bermudez ◽  
Katherine L. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Total Fat

It is important to characterize the level and magnitude of changes in food consumption patterns in Latin American populations as they undergo demographic and developmental transitions because of the effects of such changes on the development and progression of chronic diseases. This paper examines trends in food intake across regions in Latin America. Although trends in apparent food consumption differ in magnitude and timing, the overall patterns of change are remarkably consistent. Intakes of total fat, animal products, and sugar are increasing, even while there have been rapid declines in the intake of cereals, fruit, and some vegetables. The costs of the increased prevalence of chronic disease associated with these dietary changes are already affecting health systems still coping with malnutrition and infectious disease. Because this pattern of change is predictable, it is important to learn from the experiences gained in countries that are more advanced in the transition. Efforts to educate the population on the importance of a healthy diet and to issue policies to improve the availability of a healthy food supply can help to reduce the rapid escalation of obesity and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals 2433

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Solomon Abiola ◽  
Olaoluwa Akinwale ◽  
Earl Dorsey ◽  
Henry Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Study Population

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study sought to develop a mHealth application which was capable of predicting the spread of infectious diseases during the height of the Ebola outbreak in Lagos, Nigeria. Following the success of this primary task, the research then sought to understand behavioral health issues which are indicative of chronic diseases, such as sedentary behaviors and where they occur at a geospatial level in real-time. The results of this study are now being used to develop a larger scale 500 person study in Rochester, NY, USA. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: During a 3-month period individuals were asked to install a mobile health application known as Node onto the their android device. Consent was done remotely, individuals were recruited through the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, and the University of Lagos. Participants were paid 50 USD/month for each month of study completion, while continuous location data was collected in addition to survey information about participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During the study period 70 individuals enrolled, using this data we were able to create network based models which indicated that diseases were more likely to spread at the beginning of the week, and also indicated who would be most susceptible to being patient zero. In phase 2 we have started to look at behavioral patterns to determine the risk of chronic disease among our study population, by examining their human mobility patterns, since we can determine average sleep patterns, activity patterns using machine learning classifiers, and time spent in traffic—all of which we can visualize in a real-time geospatial manner with higher objectivity than traditional mechanisms for data collection. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In developing countries, using Nigeria as our example most chronic disease and household studies only enroll a few thousand participants for a country numbering 150 million plus. Using our rapidly available application we were able within 1 week to enroll 70 participants on 1 year of funding, this creates a framework for larger scale public health studies which can be done in developing countries and also demonstrates the value in mHealth which can both answer questions of infectious disease and chronic diseases at the same time. Our results indicate that at an infectious disease level in city environments diseases may be prevented by targeting events early in the week. While at a chronic disease level the lack of reliable power results in less sedentary behavior as individuals seek locations to charge phones, while those with more stable western-like lifestyles have started to exhibit the conditions which cause such outcomes as obesity, which has begun to rise in developing countries. Ultimately, these results serve as a staging point to launch a more wide scale study both in the United States and Nigeria within the year, now that feasibility has been established.

scholarly journals Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Scarce Water

Abstract. It is widely recognized that food consumption patterns significantly impact water requirements. The aim of this paper is to quantify how food consumption patterns influence water requirements in China. The findings show that per capita water requirement for food (CWRF) has increased from 255 m3 cap-1y−1 in 1961 to 860 m3 cap-1 y−1 in 2003, largely due to an increase in the consumption of animal products in recent decades. Although steadily increasing, the CWRF of China is still much lower than that of many developed countries. The total water requirement for food (TWRF) has been determined as 1127 km3 y-1 in 2003. Three scenarios are proposed to project future TWRF, representing low, medium, and high levels of modernization (S1, S2, and S3, respectively). Analysis of these three scenarios indicates that TWRF will likely continue to increase in the next three decades. An additional amount of water ranging between 407 and 515 km3 y-1 will be required in 2030 compared to the TWRF in 2003. This will undoubtedly put high pressure on China's already scarce water resources. We conclude that the effect of the food consumption patterns on China's water resources is substantial both in the recent past and in the near future. China will need to strengthen "green water" management and to take advantage of "virtual water" import to meet the additional TWRF.

scholarly journals SISTEM SKORING UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA USIA PRODUKTIF DI KOTA MEDAN (PRELIMINARY STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Evy Luciana Prawiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Hypertension is a chronic disease that attacks all ages, with  multifactorial cause especially lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for productive age to predict the likelihood of developing hypertension in the future. Methods used Cross-sectional method was applied to the respondents in several factories and offices in Medan in August 2014, and the independent variables were tested using the chi-square test and then conducted a multivariate follow-up test. As Results, 352 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. there are 118 suffering from hypertension. Multivariate analysis was carried out on gender, nutritional status, salt consumption, fast food consumption, exercise, smoking, alcohol, income, amount of  children, lack of sleep, psychological conditions, consumption of fatty foods, consumption of  foods high in vegetables and fruits, consumption of coffee- soda-tea, chronic disease, routine drug consumption, and contraception pills. The risk factors that can be estimated as predictors of hypertension in the productive age group (backward LR analysis, p-value <0.001 , i.e. salt consumption (p-value <0.001), junk food consumption (p-value 0.001), sleep less than 6 hours (p-value 0.008), vegetable consumption (p-value 0.039), and chronic diseases (p-value 0.006). Conclusion of the study are Five independent variables, salt consumption,  fast food,  vegetables, lack of sleep and chronic diseases that play role independently of hypertension. We recommend that prognostic scoring for hypertension at productive age be used after further testing in the form of validity and reliability.ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang menyerang semua usia dengan penyebab  multifaktor, terutama gaya hidup. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko pada usia produktif untuk memprediksi kemungkinan terkena hipertensi dikemudian hari. Metode yang digunakan adalah Potong lintang pada responden di beberapa pabrik dan kantor di Kota Medan periode Agustus 2014, serta variabel bebas diuji dengan uji chi-square lalu dilakukan uji lanjutan multivariat. Hasil Penelitian yaitu 352 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. terdapat 118 menderita hipertensi. Analisa multivariat dilakukan pada variabel jenis kelamin, status gizi, konsumsi garam, konsumsi makanan cepat saji, olahraga, merokok, alkohol, penghasilan, banyak anak, kurang tidur, kondisi psikologi, konsumsi makanan berlemak, konsumsi makanan tinggi sayur dan buah, konsumsi kopi-teh-soda, penyakit kronis, konsumsi obat rutin, dan pil KB. Faktor risiko yang dapat diperkirakan sebagai alat prediksi kejadian hipertensi pada kelompok usia produktif (analisis secara “Backward LR, p-value < 0.001), yaitu konsumsi garam (p-value <0,001), konsumsi junkfood (p-value 0,001), lama tidur kurang dari 6 jam (p-value 0,008), konsumsi sayur (p-value 0,039), dan penyakit kronis (p-value 0,006). Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu bahwa Lima variabel bebas yaitu konsumsi garam, makanan cepat saji, sayuran, lama tidur kurang dan penyakit kronis berperan secara mandiri terhadap hipertensi.  Kami merekomendasikan skoring prognostik untuk hipertensi pada usia produktif ini digunakan setelah dilakukan uji lanjutan berupa uji kesahihan dan kehandalan.

scholarly journals Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Scarce Water

Abstract. It is widely recognized that food consumption patterns significantly impact water requirements. The aim of this paper is to quantify how food consumption patterns influence water requirements in China. The findings show that per capita water requirement for food (CWRF) has increased from 250 m3 cap−1 y−1 in 1961 to 780 m3 cap−1 y−1 in 2003, largely due to an increase in the consumption of animal products in recent decades. Although steadily increasing, the CWRF of China is still much lower than that of many developed countries. The total water requirement for food (TWRF) has been determined as 1023 km3 y−1 in 2003. Three scenarios are proposed to project future TWRF, representing low, medium, and high levels of modernization (S1, S2, and S3, respectively). Analysis of these three scenarios indicates that TWRF will reach a maximum between 2020 and 2025, after which it is expected to decline. According to S2, the shift in food consumption patterns together with population growth may lead to an additional amount of required water of 114 km3 y−1 in 2025, even after taking technological advances into consideration. This will undoubtedly put high pressure on China's already scarce water resources. China needs to strengthen "green water" management and to take advantage of "virtual water" import to meet the additional TWRF.

More Eggs, Less Sugar: A Sneak Peek into the Latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Darlene Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

ABSTRACT The 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides guidance for choosing a healthy diet. There is a focus on preventing and alleviating the effects of diet-related chronic diseases. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, among others. This article briefly reviews the primary guideline items that can be used to teach patients with respect to improving their diet. Clinical exercise physiologists who work with patients with chronic disease can use these guidelines for general discussions regarding a heart-healthy diet.

scholarly journals The impact of chronic disease and disability on the elderly

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
C. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Health care systems for elderly people should aim to delay the onset of illness, reducing the final period of infirmity and illness to the shortest possible time. The most effective way to achieve this is by health education and preventative medicine to maintain mobility and function. Changes in life style even in late life may result in improved health, effectively decreasing the incidence of chronic diseases associated with advancing age. This paper presents the problems experienced by elderly persons with chronic diseases and disabilities with indications for meaningful therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity—modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ng ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Zhan Yao ◽  
Walter P Wodchis ◽  
Laura C Rosella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the incidence of a person’s first diagnosis of a selected chronic disease, and the relationships between modifiable lifestyle risk factors and age to first of six chronic diseases.MethodsOntario respondents from 2001 to 2010 of the Canadian Community Health Survey were followed up with administrative data until 2014 for congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, diabetes, lung cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke. By sex, the cumulative incidence function of age to first chronic disease was calculated for the six chronic diseases individually and compositely. The associations between modifiable lifestyle risk factors (alcohol, body mass index, smoking, diet, physical inactivity) and age to first chronic disease were estimated using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray competing risk models.ResultsDiabetes was the most common disease. By age 70.5 years (2015 world life expectancy), 50.9% of females and 58.1% of males had at least one disease and few had a death free of the selected diseases (3.4% females; 5.4% males). Of the lifestyle factors, heavy smoking had the strongest association with the risk of experiencing at least one chronic disease (cause-specific hazard ratio = 3.86; 95% confidence interval = 3.46, 4.31). The lifestyle factors were modelled for each disease separately, and the associations varied by chronic disease and sex.ConclusionsWe found that most individuals will have at least one of the six chronic diseases before dying. This study provides a novel approach using competing risk methods to examine the incidence of chronic diseases relative to the life course and how their incidences are associated with lifestyle behaviours.

A New Path to Address Multimorbidity? Longitudinal Analyses of Retirement Sequences and Chronic Diseases in Old Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110310
Author(s):  
Esteban Calvo ◽  
Ariel Azar ◽  
Robin Shura ◽  
Ursula M. Staudinger
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Retirement Study

Chronic disease and multimorbidity are growing health challenges for aging populations, often coinciding with retirement. We examine late-life predictors of multimorbidity, focusing on the association between retirement sequences and number of chronic diseases. We modeled the number of chronic diseases as a function of six types of previously identified 10-year retirement sequences using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data for 7,880 Americans observed between ages 60 to 61 and 70 to 71. Our results show that at baseline, the adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity was lowest in sequences characterized by late retirement from full-time work and highest in sequences characterized by early labor-force disengagement. Age increases in multimorbidity varied across retirement sequences, though overall differences in prevalence persisted at age 70 to 71. Earlier life disadvantages did not moderate these associations. Findings suggest further investigation of policies that target health limitations affecting work, promote continued beneficial employment opportunities, and ultimately leverage retirement sequences as a novel path to influence multimorbidity in old age.

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