scholarly journals Irrigation technology in South Africa and Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2218-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Câmara Monteiro ◽  
Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu ◽  
Rubens Duarte Coelho
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Modern Technologies

This paper reviews various irrigation technologies in both South Africa and Kenya that enable improvements in their socio-economic conditions. The two countries are located in semi-arid areas that experience extreme fluctuations in the availability of rain water for plant growth. Population growth exceeds the ability to produce food in numerous countries around the world and the two countries are not an exception. This experiment examined the constraints that farmers face and the role of government and nongovernmental organization in the uptake of modern technologies for irrigation. Detailed mechanisms and options to secure sustainable irrigation which are economically viable are considered. Despite the higher production of cereals and grains, fruits, and flowers also thrive in the two countries. Total irrigated area, crops grown and irrigation systems used in the two countries are discussed.

CALCULATION PARAMETERS OF SPRINKLING MACHINES WITH COMBINED FRONTAL AND CIRCULAR MOVEMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
G. V. Olgarenko ◽  
B. S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operation Characteristics

If the center pivot or linear moving irrigation machines are operated with their own individual irrigation technologies, but the irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode are operated on one field in turn as a center pivot and as a linear. The goal of this work is creation of theoretical base for calculation of improved irrigation machines parameters and existing irrigation equipment modernizing, according to the different natural conditions. The research object is investigation of characteristics of rain delivered from irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode, assuring uniform irrigation distribution according to the irrigation technology and operation parameters, size and configuration of seasonal norm as well as to the irrigation scheduling. The pointed goal is achieved by the given problem solving, when having basic data on the irrigation norm and time, as well as operation characteristics and the irrigation area configuration, the predicted hydro modulus are calculated for the irrigation machine working in a center pivot and in a linear mode. The simulation of sprinkling devices operation on the machine is made by one universal formula, when on the plots irrigated in center pivot and linear mode is achieved equality of arranged hydro modulus to the corresponding calculated data. At that, are considered all the possible combinations of the total irrigated area parts, irrigated with different technologies.

scholarly journals Standard of living, quality of life and per capita GDP: a South African experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Tabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

This study looked at the phenomenon of the quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic used to rank countries by the level of “human development”. Measuring and determining what is QoL is not an easy task. In this study, using HDI as the yardstick for QoL, the concepts of standard of living and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. This research question was seen as the key to addressing the phenomenon of QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure of South Africa for the period 1995 to 2011, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. The findings indicate that there seems to be a significant correlation between HDI and government spending on health and education as a percentage of GDP, but there seems to be of no significance to include the variable government spending on health and education as a percentage of total government spending. The findings tell us that between 1995 and 2011, government spending on education as a percentage of GDP has had a positive impact on HDI. However, government spending on health as a percentage of GDP has had a retarding effect as shown by the negative coefficient of variation. It then implies that for South Africa to realize the MDG goals and improve on the HDI, public spending on health as a percentage of GDP needs to be significantly increased.

scholarly journals Adoption of Multiple Sustainable Land Management Practices among Irrigator Rural Farm Households of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Deribe Bekele ◽  
Alisher Mirzabaev ◽  
Dawit Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

Using a household and plot-level survey conducted in 2016/17 in ten districts of Ethiopia, this study explores whether there is a difference in farmers’ adoption of sustainable land management (SLM) practices between their rainfed and irrigated plots. The paper also investigates the varying influence of different types of irrigation water management systems and associated irrigation technologies on the adoption of SLM practices in irrigated plots. Our findings show only a small difference in the average number of SLM practices between rainfed and irrigated plots, even though significant differences are observed between many of the practices applied individually among these plots. The econometric estimation shows that the role of the combined effect of irrigation water management system and irrigation technology on adoption of SLM practices is quite varied and very significant. The evidence highlights that farmers adopt more SLM practices in their plots with pump irrigation compared to those plots where gravity irrigation is applied. This finding implies that pump irrigation systems enhance complementarities with SLM practices. Furthermore, the results indicate that the type of irrigation water management and the technology applied could play an important role in restoring degraded lands and maintaining soil fertility, even when farmers’ adoption of irrigation were not explicitly triggered by concerns for soil health.

scholarly journals Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Memahami Teknologi Hasil Perikanan

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Dati Nawastuti
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Modern Technologies

<em>Characteristics of people in coastal area are taught and open mind like sea which is analog to open access and high risk. They inherit knowledge from their ancestors who refered to stars constelation as guide, besides other traditional technologies. There are four research questions: (1) How are technologies inherited to young generations? (2) Are the developing fish technologies accepted? (3) What are governments’, scholars’, and NGO’s roles? and (4) How is people’s responds towards modern technologies? Meanwhile, this research wants: (1) To know inheritance technologies, (2) To understand acceptability level, (3) To explore the roles’ of governments, NGOs, and scholars, and (4) To recognize people’s respond toward technologies. Fisheries commodities have comparative advance, although they are perishable food that need quick, accurate, and right treatment. The research was conducted in Larantuka Sub-district of East Flores. Observation and interview were data collection methods applied in this research. Data were analysed using SWOT analysis. It is concluded that traditional technologies are useful to preserve local culture and wisdom. The role of government through local development agents, NGOs, and scholars via trainning has not applicable yet for the community in the wide area and has limitations of man power.</em>

scholarly journals Where does the money go? A peregrination of government spending in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Raphael Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

The study looked at the relationship between GDP per capita and health expenditure per capita as well as that of GDP per capita and education expenditure per capita in South Africa between 1994 and 2012. Adolph Wagner’s “Law” proposes that a state will increase its government expenditure relatively to the national income (Henrekson, 1993). Any change in the amount of health expenditure will influence the per capita health expenditure in a country. In this study, using the Human Development Index (HDI) as the yardstick for Quality of Life (QoL), the concepts of Standard of Living (SoL) and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure in South, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. Since Quality of Life is related to health expenditure per capita, then QoL too should change as government health expenditure increases. The same is expected of an increase in education expenditure. From the study results, it is clear that total tax revenue has increased sharply since 2000 and at a much faster rate than its contribution to GDP but the government deficit has also burgeoned in tandem with government revenue collection as if in tango. The reality is that government expenditure has increased sharply since 1993 but has this been directed at QoL? Public service protests tell a different story. The departments of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs and the Police seem to be receiving the largest revenue votes, raising the question of whether there is real value added and whether this expenditure is warrantied in terms of SoL.

The States' Role in National Health Reform

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Weil ◽  
James R. Tallon
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Political System ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
The Government

Debates over health care reform often focus on the appropriate role for the government in health care. Much less attention is paid to defining the respective roles of the states and the federal government. Yet, in the American political system, the basic issue of federalism has profound implications.The question for the nation is which aspects of health policy should reflect national, uniform standards, and which should vary according to local conditions, values, and preferences. Economic mobility and the desire for efficiency militate for national uniformity and federal standards. By contrast, state policies can be more closely tailored to local economic conditions and can reflect local values regarding matters such as the appropriate role of government.

The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Pursuit of a Sustainable Development Agenda in South Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Mbekezeli Comfort Mkhize ◽  
Wela Wellman Manona ◽  
Phathutshedzo P. Madumi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Development Agenda

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of civil society organizations in the pursuit of sustainable development agenda in the post-apartheid South Africa. The chapter examines the factors impeding civil society groups in relation to national development prior and post-apartheid era and how this role/s will affect the future of civil society in the country. This chapter adopts secondary source and argues that the fundamental role civil society plays in society compliments the role of government agencies in terms of solutions for development and poverty reduction. There seems to be a lack of focus in these areas in the post-apartheid South Africa. The chapter concludes that civil society groups in developing countries face challenges ranging from donor dependency, material scarcity, hostile legal environment, fragmentation, public legitimacy, and accountability. It is recommended that civil society groups need to be strengthened to ensure effective service delivery.

SMEs in South Africa

2003 ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Cloete
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

The chapter reports on research that was done in information systems at the University of Cape Town on the benefits of Internet utilisation and the barriers to its adoption amongst small businesses in South Africa. It addresses how these small businesses in a developing country perceive the potential benefits of e-commerce and look at their consequent adoption of e-commerce activities in their own organizations. Comparisons are made between studies conducted in first world countries, particularly regarding the role of government initiatives. A secondary aim of this research was to determine the current level of e-commerce adoption by small businesses in South Africa. This was achieved by circulating a questionnaire to test the perception of e-commerce benefits and e-commerce adoption levels amongst small businesses from various sectors in South Africa. If the global usage of the Internet for electronic commerce by small businesses is compared to the South African situation, this research clearly indicates that the available technologies are not adopted to the extent that is necessary for survival in a rapidly changing environment.

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