scholarly journals Standard of living, quality of life and per capita GDP: a South African experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Tabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

This study looked at the phenomenon of the quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic used to rank countries by the level of “human development”. Measuring and determining what is QoL is not an easy task. In this study, using HDI as the yardstick for QoL, the concepts of standard of living and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. This research question was seen as the key to addressing the phenomenon of QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure of South Africa for the period 1995 to 2011, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. The findings indicate that there seems to be a significant correlation between HDI and government spending on health and education as a percentage of GDP, but there seems to be of no significance to include the variable government spending on health and education as a percentage of total government spending. The findings tell us that between 1995 and 2011, government spending on education as a percentage of GDP has had a positive impact on HDI. However, government spending on health as a percentage of GDP has had a retarding effect as shown by the negative coefficient of variation. It then implies that for South Africa to realize the MDG goals and improve on the HDI, public spending on health as a percentage of GDP needs to be significantly increased.

scholarly journals Where does the money go? A peregrination of government spending in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Raphael Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

The study looked at the relationship between GDP per capita and health expenditure per capita as well as that of GDP per capita and education expenditure per capita in South Africa between 1994 and 2012. Adolph Wagner’s “Law” proposes that a state will increase its government expenditure relatively to the national income (Henrekson, 1993). Any change in the amount of health expenditure will influence the per capita health expenditure in a country. In this study, using the Human Development Index (HDI) as the yardstick for Quality of Life (QoL), the concepts of Standard of Living (SoL) and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure in South, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. Since Quality of Life is related to health expenditure per capita, then QoL too should change as government health expenditure increases. The same is expected of an increase in education expenditure. From the study results, it is clear that total tax revenue has increased sharply since 2000 and at a much faster rate than its contribution to GDP but the government deficit has also burgeoned in tandem with government revenue collection as if in tango. The reality is that government expenditure has increased sharply since 1993 but has this been directed at QoL? Public service protests tell a different story. The departments of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs and the Police seem to be receiving the largest revenue votes, raising the question of whether there is real value added and whether this expenditure is warrantied in terms of SoL.

Rural marketing: A developmental approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L.K. Rao ◽  
Ramesh G. Tagat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Rural People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Interactive Activity

The paper argues for a new role for rural marketing, namely, that of delivering a better standard of living and quality of life for the rural people. It discusses the role of conflict, corporation, and competition in the modernization of rural society brought by rural marketing. It conceptualizes rural marketing as an interactive activity in which the major participants are the government, voluntary agencies, the corporate sector, and the rural clientele, each with its distinctive activities, mode of operating, and stake.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERKAITAN ANTARA INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DAN PDRB PER KAPITA DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Ryan Ezkirianto ◽  
Muhammad Findi Alexandi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Total Government Expenditure

This paper attempts to analyse the two-way relationship between human development and economic growth for 33 provinces in Indonesia during six years period: 2006–2011. The various links in each variabel were analyzed with description analysis, such education, government spending on health and education, total government expenditure, income distribution, and density. The quantitatif analysis used two-stage least square (2SLS) method.  The result shows that there is a strong positive relationship between human development index and GDRP per capita, while education, government spending on health and education, total government expenditure, and income distribution are the important links determining the strength of relationship between human development and economic growth. Keywords: human development, economic growth

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Infrastructure of the Consumer Market in Improving the Quality of Life of the Population of the Irkutsk Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Fedotov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Schepina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Impact

One of the fundamental indicators that characterize the state of the socio-economic situation in the region is the quality of life of the population. To this end, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the volume of consumption of goods per capita, as well as the logistics component of the development of the consumer market. The article considers the impact of the trade infrastructure of the consumer market and its constituent elements on the quality of life of the population of the Irkutsk region. The analysis of the main factors affecting the standard of living of the population is given. Ways to improve the quality of life in the region are proposed.

scholarly journals The Role of Government and Governance in Human Development: A Study of very High Development Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gaur ◽  
Ravi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Very High

The study of human development has witnessed spectacular attention across the globe. The components of the Human Development Index (HDI) such as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, and GNP per-capita income are the outcome of achieving appropriate economic growth of the nation provided that there are effective government expenditures in the economy. In the era of fiscal consolidation and neo-liberalism, it becomes seemingly essential to revisit the governance role in building human capital, especially in nations with very high human development. The study employed the data of nineteen very high human development countries as per the United Nations Human Development Report, across 2000 to 2016. The data has been collected from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database. The study incorporates the role of government expenditure on various socio-economic aspects like education, health, and the military in the development of human capital, along with the role of Governance. The study deduced the facilitating role of Governance in the developmental process, even in countries with very high human development.

Methodology for assessing the quality of life of the population of the region

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Е.А. Остапенко
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Service Sectors

В исследовании рассмотрено качество жизни сельского населения с точки зрения обеспечения его услугами, необходимыми для организации нормальной деятельности и развития человека. Актуальность исследования заключается в необходимости в современных условиях перехода к долгосрочному планированию развития муниципальных районов и повышения уровня жизни сельских поселений, основу которого составляет изучение системы предоставления услуг для сельского населения, в том числе по укрупненным группам (сферам услуг). The study examines the quality of life the rural population in terms of providing it with the services necessary for organizing normal activities and human development. The relevance of study lie in need in modern conditions for the transition to long-term planning for the development of municipal districts and improving the standard of living of rural settlements, the basis of which is the study of the system of providing services for the rural population, including by enlarged groups (service sectors).

The volume of goods and services consumed by rural population as a metric of quality of life and standard of living

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1762-1779
Author(s):  
Yuliya I. KOLOSKOVA ◽  
Denis V. PARSHUKOV ◽  
Zinaida E. SHAPOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita

Subject. The article discusses the consumption of goods and services in rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Objectives. We analyze the way the rural population consumes goods and services, evaluate the extent of their municipal differentiation by the standard of living and quality of life. Methods. We draw upon the normative and comparative methods of data analysis by consumption of goods by the rural population and the availability of infrastructure. Results. Social benefits were found to account for almost 40 percent of income received by the rural population. The population’s income strongly depends on social benefits in the majority of rural areas. The low income per capita determines the low purchasing power of the population. We demonstrate that most rural people consumes products they grow at their private land plots, thus reducing the share of retail turnover. Rural population practically cannot purchase goods for the long-term use. The volume of paid services per capita does keep below RUB 5,000 in the most of the rural areas. Conclusions and Relevance. The study helped evaluate the consumption in the rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and determine municipal districts where people need aid of the regional and federal authorities most of all. If institutional processes change in the rural areas, the social functions will be performed most effectively.

Are Government Spending and Taxes Too High (or Too Low)?

1996 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flemming ◽  
Peter Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Goods And Services

Arguably the biggest change in the nature even of market economies in the last hundred years has been the increase in the economic role of government. The activities and responsibilities falling under this head have varied with circumstances, but the most universal and consistent theme has been the growing prominence of government as a spender both on goods and services and on transfer payments to other economic agents. The objects o f government spending include the traditional collective products of the legal system, the civil service and the armed forces. They also include the major pillars of the welfare state—social security, health—care and education—as well as other items such as the transport and urban infrastructure, public housing and various forms of assistance to industry and agriculture. These wider objects of government expenditure are mostly popular with the electorate at large, besides being invariably supported by specific advocates and interested parties. Increases in spending are generally easier to bring about than reductions. At the same time, all these objects have to compete for approval and resources not merely with one another but with people's wish to retain as much income as possible for their own private disposition. Tax reductions are no less popular than increases in spending. This article discusses recent UK government policy towards public expenditure and taxation, and some of its impacts upon social welfare.

scholarly journals Demographic Component of Assessment of the Population Standard and Quality Of Life in the Concept of Human Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Irina Krylova ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Ivanenko ◽  
Irina Potochylova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Natural Decrease ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Systems

Abstract. The essence of the economic category “quality of life” and “standard of living” is determined. The system of living standards recommended by the UN, the national matrix of quality of life indicators, the main international systems for assessing the population quality of life, the objective and subjective approach to its assessment are considered. The purpose of the study is to systematize indicators of the standard and quality of life of the population, the study of the demographic component of their assessment in the context of human development. It was found that today there is no single definition of “quality of life” (scientists supplement it based on the main purpose of their own research) and a single approach to its evaluation. It is determined that among the various methods and approaches to assessing the use of demographic indicators is quite limited. The characteristic of the basic demographic indicators which can be applied in research both standard and quality of life of the population is given. The main demographic indicators of measuring the quality of life of the population in Ukraine and in Mykolayiv region are determined and analyzed. Keywords: quality of life, standard of living; indicators; demographic characteristics; subjective assessments; objective assessments; natural decrease; life expectancy; birth rate; mortality.

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