CALCULATION PARAMETERS OF SPRINKLING MACHINES WITH COMBINED FRONTAL AND CIRCULAR MOVEMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
G. V. Olgarenko ◽  
B. S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operation Characteristics

If the center pivot or linear moving irrigation machines are operated with their own individual irrigation technologies, but the irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode are operated on one field in turn as a center pivot and as a linear. The goal of this work is creation of theoretical base for calculation of improved irrigation machines parameters and existing irrigation equipment modernizing, according to the different natural conditions. The research object is investigation of characteristics of rain delivered from irrigation machines with combined center-pivot and linear moving mode, assuring uniform irrigation distribution according to the irrigation technology and operation parameters, size and configuration of seasonal norm as well as to the irrigation scheduling. The pointed goal is achieved by the given problem solving, when having basic data on the irrigation norm and time, as well as operation characteristics and the irrigation area configuration, the predicted hydro modulus are calculated for the irrigation machine working in a center pivot and in a linear mode. The simulation of sprinkling devices operation on the machine is made by one universal formula, when on the plots irrigated in center pivot and linear mode is achieved equality of arranged hydro modulus to the corresponding calculated data. At that, are considered all the possible combinations of the total irrigated area parts, irrigated with different technologies.

scholarly journals Irrigation technology in South Africa and Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2218-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Câmara Monteiro ◽  
Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu ◽  
Rubens Duarte Coelho
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Modern Technologies

This paper reviews various irrigation technologies in both South Africa and Kenya that enable improvements in their socio-economic conditions. The two countries are located in semi-arid areas that experience extreme fluctuations in the availability of rain water for plant growth. Population growth exceeds the ability to produce food in numerous countries around the world and the two countries are not an exception. This experiment examined the constraints that farmers face and the role of government and nongovernmental organization in the uptake of modern technologies for irrigation. Detailed mechanisms and options to secure sustainable irrigation which are economically viable are considered. Despite the higher production of cereals and grains, fruits, and flowers also thrive in the two countries. Total irrigated area, crops grown and irrigation systems used in the two countries are discussed.

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

Prediction of root damaging during mechanical shaking of fruit trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Z. Láng
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
List Type ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Simple Tree ◽  
The Given ◽  
Cherry Trees

The possible effect of shaker harvest on root damage of 10-year-old cherry trees was studied on a simple tree structure model. The model was composed of elastic trunk and rigid main roots, the ends of which were connected to the surrounding soil via springs and dumping elements. Equations were set up to be able to calculate the relation between shaking height on the trunk and strain in the roots. To get the data for root break and their elongation at different shaking heights on the trunk, laboratory and field experiments were carried out on cherry trees and on their roots. Having evaluated the measured and calculated data it could be concluded that root damage is to be expected even at 3.6% strain and the risk of it increases with increased trunk amplitudes, i.e.with the decrease of shaking heightat smaller stem diameters (i.e. in younger plantation), andif the unbalanced mass of the shaker machine is too large for the given tree size.

Use of geographic information systems and remote sensing as automated tool for variable rate irrigation prescriptions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anh Thi Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Center Pivot

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Economic as well as water shortage pressure on agricultural use of water has placed added emphasis on efficient irrigation management. Center pivot technology has made great improvement with variable rate irrigation (VRI) technology to vary water application spatially and temporally to maximize the economic and environmental return. Proper management of VRI systems depends on correctly matching the pivot application to specific field temporal and areal conditions. There is need for a tool to accurately and inexpensively define dynamic management zones, to sense within-field variability in real time, and control variable rate water application so that producers are more willing to adopt and utilize the advantages of VRI systems. This study included tests of the center pivot system uniformity performance in 2014 at Delta Research Center in Portageville, MO. The goal of this research was to develop MOPivot software with an algorithm to determine unique management areas under center pivot systems based on system design and limitations. The MOPivot tool automates prescriptions for VRI center pivot based on non-uniform water needs while avoiding potential runoff and deep percolation. The software was validated for use in real-time irrigation management in 2018 for VRI control system of a Valley 8000 center pivot planted to corn. The water balance model was used to manage irrigation scheduling. Field data, together with soil moisture sensor measurement of soil water content, were used to develop the regression model of remote sensing-based crop coefficient (Kc). Remote sensing vegetation index in conjunction with GDD and crop growth stages in regression models showed high correlation with Kc. Validation of those regression models was done using Centralia, MO, field data in 2016. The MOPivot successfully created prescriptions to match system capacity of the management zone based on system limitations for center pivot management. Along with GIS data sources, MOPivot effectively provides readily available graphical prescription maps, which can be edited and directly uploaded to a center pivot control panel. The modeled Kc compared well with FAO Kc. By combining GDD and crop growth in the models, these models would account for local weather conditions and stage of crop during growing season as time index in estimating Kc. These models with Fraction of growth (FrG) and cumulative growing degree days (cGDD) had a higher coefficient of efficiency, higher Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency and higher Willmott index of agreement. Future work should include improvement in the MOPivot software with different crops and aerial remote sensing imagery to generate dynamic prescriptions during the season to support irrigation scheduling for real-time monitoring of field conditions.

scholarly journals Cadastral maps of irrigated areas by center pivots in the State of Minas Gerais, using CBERS-2B/CCD satellite imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ferreira ◽  
Joice H. de Toledo ◽  
Antonio A. A. Dantas ◽  
Rafael M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Satellite Imaging ◽  
Cadastral Maps ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Other Information

Medium-resolution satellite images have been widely used for the identification and quantification of irrigated areas by center pivot. These areas, which present predominantly circular forms, can be easily identified by visual analyses of these images. In addition to identifying and quantifying areas irrigated by center pivot, other information that is associated to these areas is fundamental for producing cadastral maps. The goal of this work was to generate cadastral mapping of areas irrigated by center pivots in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the purpose of supplying information on irrigated agriculture. Using the satellite CBERS2B/CCD, images were used to identify and quantify irrigated areas and then associate these areas with a database containing information about: irrigated area, perimeter, municipality, path row, basin in which the pivot is located, and the date of image acquisition.3,781 center pivots systems were identified. The smallest area irrigated was 4.6 hectares and the largest one was 192.6 hectares. The total estimated value of irrigated area was 254,875 hectares. The largest number of center pivots appeared in the municipalities of Unaí and Paracatu, with 495 and 459 systems, respectively. Cadastral mapping is a very useful tool to assist and enhance information on irrigated agriculture in the State of Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals ARSPivot, A Sensor-Based Decision Support Software for Variable-Rate Irrigation Center Pivot Systems: Part A. Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1533
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Andrade ◽  
Susan A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Steven R. Evett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Water Sensing ◽  
Friendly Graphical User Interface ◽  
Variable Rate Irrigation

HighlightsThe ARSPivot software seamlessly integrates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods with weather, plant, and soil water sensing systems in the operation of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) center pivot systems.ARSPivot embodies an Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system that incorporates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods and automates the collection and processing of data obtained from sensing systems supporting them.ARSPivot incorporates a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that assists in the process of setting up a computerized representation of a coupled ISSCADA VRI center pivot system and simplifies the review of irrigation prescriptions automatically generated based on sensor feedback.ARSPivot’s GUI includes a geographic information system (GIS) that relates sensed data and imported GIS data to specific field control zones.Abstract. The commercial availability of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) systems gives farmers access to unprecedented control of the irrigation water applied to their fields. To take full advantage of these systems, their operations must integrate site-specific irrigation scheduling methods that in turn should be supported by a network of sensing systems. An Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system patented by scientists with the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) at Bushland, Texas, incorporates site-specific irrigation scheduling methods informed by weather, plant, and soil water sensing systems. This article introduces a software package, ARSPivot, developed to integrate the ISSCADA system into the operation of VRI center pivot systems. ARSPivot assists the operation and integration of a complex network of sensing systems, irrigation scheduling methods, and irrigation machinery to achieve this end. ARSPivot consists of two independent programs interacting through a client-server architecture. The client program is focused on automatically collecting and processing georeferenced data from sensing systems and communicating with a center pivot control panel, while the server program is focused on communicating with users through a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) involving a geographic information system (GIS). The GUI allows users to visualize and modify site-specific prescription maps automatically generated based on sensor-based irrigation scheduling methods, and to control and monitor the application of irrigation amounts specified in these recommended prescription maps using center pivots equipped for VRI zone control or VRI speed control. This article discusses the principles and design considerations followed in the development of ARSPivot and presents tools implemented in the software for the virtual design and physical operation of a coupled ISSCADA VRI center pivot system. This article also illustrates how the ISSCADA system and ARSPivot constitute a comprehensive sensor-based decision support system (DSS) for VRI management that is accessible to users without in-depth knowledge of sensing systems or irrigation scheduling methods. Keywords: Center pivot irrigation, Decision support system, Precision agriculture, Sensors, Site-specific irrigation scheduling, Software, Variable rate irrigation.n

scholarly journals The importance of sanitary microbiological indices in the evaluation of epidemiological safety of water use in conditions of chemical contamination of water

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
L. V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Z. Artemova ◽  
E. K. Gipp ◽  
Anzhelika V. Zagainova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The increasing chemicalization of production and life leads to the pollution of water bodies by chemicals, the effect of which on the micro - and macro - organisms is poorly understood. This section of the study in sanitary bacteriology is becoming ever more topical and is an important task of modern hygienic science. One of complicacies of the study of the problem is related with the fact that the presence of only experimental data fails to be sufficient, as the impact of any given chemical substance on different bacteria in the experiment does not mean that under natural conditions, similar results will be obtained. One reason for this may be the inhibitory effect of the given chemical on biological properties of bacteria, while in field conditions in the water several chemicals interacting with each other can exist. In this regard, the aim of the work was to assess the indicator value of sanitary and microbiological indices of epidemic hazard of water use in conditions of chemical pollution of surface water bodies.

scholarly journals Past, Present, and Future of Irrigation on the U.S. Great Plains

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Evett ◽  
Paul D. Colaizzi ◽  
Freddie R. Lamm ◽  
Susan A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Derek M. Heeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
The U.S

Highlights Irrigation is key to the productivity of Great Plains agriculture but is threatened by water scarcity. The irrigated area grew to >9 million ha since 1870, mostly since 1950, but is likely to decline. Changes in climate, water availability, irrigated area, and policy will affect productivity. Adaptation and innovation, hallmarks of Great Plains populations, will ensure future success. Abstract. Motivated by the need for sustainable water management and technology for next-generation crop production, the future of irrigation on the U.S. Great Plains was examined through the lenses of past changes in water supply, historical changes in irrigated area, and innovations in irrigation technology, management, and agronomy. We analyzed the history of irrigated agriculture through the 1900s to the present day. We focused particularly on the efficiency and water productivity of irrigation systems (application efficiency, crop water productivity, and irrigation water use productivity) as a connection between water resource management and agricultural production. Technology innovations have greatly increased the efficiency of water application, the productivity of water use, and the agricultural productivity of the Great Plains. We also examined the changes in water stored in the High Plains aquifer, which is the region’s principle supply for irrigation water. Relative to other states, the aquifer has been less impacted in Nebraska, despite large increases in irrigated area. Greatly increased irrigation efficiency has played a role in this, but so have regulations and the recharge to the aquifer from the Nebraska Sand Hills and from rivers crossing the state. The outlook for irrigation is less positive in western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles. The aquifer in these regions is recharged at rates much less than current pumping, and the aquifer is declining as a result. Improvements in irrigation technology and management plus changes in crops grown have made irrigation ever more efficient and allowed irrigation to continue. There is good reason to expect that future research and development efforts by federal and state researchers, extension specialists, and industry, often in concert, will continue to improve the efficiency and productivity of irrigated agriculture. Public policy changes will also play a role in regulating consumption and motivating on-farm efficiency improvements. Water supplies, while finite, will be stretched much further than projected by some who look only at past rates of consumption. Thus, irrigation will continue to be important economically for an extended period. Sustaining irrigation is crucial to sustained productivity of the Great Plains “bread basket” because on average irrigation doubles the efficiency with which water is turned into crop yields compared with what can be attained in this region with precipitation alone. Lessons learned from the Great Plains are relevant to irrigation in semi-arid and subhumid areas worldwide. Keywords: Center pivot, Crop water productivity, History, Sprinkler irrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation, Water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Assessment of vegetation water content in wheat using near and shortwave infrared SPOT-5 Data in an irrigated area

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Benabdelouahab ◽  
Riad Balaghi ◽  
Rachid Hadria ◽  
Hayat Lionboui ◽  
Bernard Tychon
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Vegetation Water Content ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Shortwave Infrared ◽  
Spot 5

In Morocco, water availability is becoming a national priority for the agricultural sector. In this context, the stakeholders try continuously to improve strategies of water irrigation management, on one hand, and to assess vegetation water content status, on the other hand, in order to improve irrigation scheduling and prevent water stress that affects yield adversely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two spectral indices, calculated from SPOT-5 high resolution visible (HRV) data, to retrieve the vegetation water content values of wheat in an irrigated area. These indices were the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the moisture stress index (MSI). The values of these indices were compared with corresponding values of in situ-measured vegetation water content in 16 fields of wheat during the 2012-2013 cropping season. Good correlations were found between observed vegetation water content values and NDWI and MSI values during the crop growth period from anthesis to grain filling. These results were validated using the k-fold cross validation method and showed a good stability of the proposed regression models with a slight advantage for the NDWI. Based on these results, the NDWI was chosen to map the spatial variability of vegetation water content of wheat at the east of the Beni-Moussa irrigated perimeter. These results proved that the indices based on near and shortwave infrared band (NIR and SWIR) are able to monitor vegetation water content changes in wheat from anthesis to the grain filling stage. These indices could be used to improve irrigation and crop management of wheat at both the field and regional levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document