scholarly journals Plant breeding and in situ utilization of palm trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Rivas ◽  
Rosa Lía Barbieri ◽  
Luciano Carlos da Maia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics

The palm tree family (Arecaceae) is constituted by approximately 3000 species mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. As a source of a variety of products they contribute to the world and local economies, and also to peoples lifestyles. Historically their use has been based on wild populations, but also on local domestication. Very few species are subject of plant breeding programs and are cultivated in the world. This is the case of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), in which investment and development consortiums invest high sums. Another kind of crop is the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), which was domesticated thousand of years ago and whose success is based in the export of a fine product with worldwide recognition. In this case the production is based on traditional varieties and has very incipient breeding programs. A third group of palms includes those species from which products are obtained and manufactured for local development. The objective of this literature review is to contribute in the analysis of opportunities and weaknesses to investing in domestication and plant breeding programs in those palm trees with a recognized productive value.

Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Lal awmpuia ◽  
◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

scholarly journals Androgenic studies in the production of haploids and doubled haploids in Capsicum spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9047-9056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Sánchez ◽  
Yacenia Morillo Coronado ◽  
Ana Cruz Morillo Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
The Tropics

Capsicum spp. is a horticultural crop of agronomic interest and is considered the fourth most important vegetable in the world. It is an important nutritional and medicinal source, and its production generates employment in the tropics. In this species, the genetic variability is wide and with great potential, which has been exploited to generate outstanding varieties. Breeding programs seek different alternatives to accelerate the production of improved varieties with desirable agronomic characteristics. These objectives can be achieved with the production of haploid and double haploid plants via androgenesis or gynogenesis, being androgenesis the approach most used for paprika cultures. The purpose of this review is to present the results of different researches in obtaining haploids and doubled haploids in cultivars of Capsicum spp. and its impact on the genetic improvement of this crop. 

scholarly journals A True date with a Palm Tree

Vista ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Victoria Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Late Cretaceous Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Cretaceous Period

This is a visual essay that meanders. It is based around my encounter with palm trees and my grandfather’s silver print photographs, collated in an album that dates back to the 1930s. Henry Richard Ahrens was a keen photographer, though I had never seen any of his images until 2010 when I was given one of his albums by a relative who knew I was a photographer and writer. He died before I could get to know him. His photographs have a particular sensibility to them, with a multitude of self-portraits, and often, a hand written phrase to go with them. I am told he developed his films himself. He is often pictured next to palm trees in his photographs. These palms he photographed are particularly fascinating to me. They represent one of the few genus that extend back to the late Cretaceous period, a dinosaur of a plant species. With their many variations, they take on a poetic and utopian presence, their seeds having been disseminated through colonial exchanges, botanical curiosity and commercial interests. Found in so many surprising corners of the world, the palm expresses our need to explore, while becoming a symbol of resistance to discourses of nationalism and anti-immigration sentiment. This essay reflects a personal ethnography through the interconnected and material presence of the palm in London, Buenos Aires and in the photograph itself.

scholarly journals Deformation of the Date Palm tree trunk in Dammam Metropolitan Area: causes and consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ali Omar Al-Sulbi
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Cut Leaves

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the elegant trees that performs several landscaping functions. Its single trunk textured by bases of the cut leaves distinguishes it from other ornamental trees. This cylindrical textured trunk is one of the major attractive features emphasized the use of date palms as ornamental landscaping trees. Across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Date palms in public landscaping schemes have experienced deformation of their trunks. This is a function of several factors related to plantation, irrigation, and maintenance. This research to investigate and categorise the causes, types, and forms of date palm trees‘ trunks deformation. Prior to a field survey, a randomly conducted pilot survey to collect data from different areas where date palms are used as landscaping ornamental trees across the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA). It applies direct observation, measuring and analysis to develop preliminary understanding of the phenomena; and apply its outcomes on a case study of the Dammam City Seafront (DCS). The result showed that date palm trees‘ trunks deformation has occurred at bottom, middle, and upper parts as results of several factors; and it is as high as almost 97% among investigated trees. However, 58% of deformation symptoms processes have been noticed on bottom third of the date palm trees‘ trunks, near soil surface; and 27.5% of them are in the King Abdullah Seafront Park (KASP). The study proves statistically that sprinkler and bubbler irrigation systems are of major responsibility for near ground deformation of palm trees‘ trunks, which expands at rate of 3.5 and 3.3 CM/Year.

scholarly journals Myxobiota of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: species on oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis, Arecaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clebson Firmino da Silva ◽  
Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Ecological Reserve

Abstract Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae), the oil palm tree, serves as a phorophyte for many different groups of organisms, someof whichhelp decompose organic matter comingfromthe organs of the tree itself or fromremainsof other plants retained in leaf sheaths. To study the myxobiota of E. guineensis, we examined living and dead trunks, leaves, bracts and inflorescences in the Gurjaú Ecological Reserve, in the township of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil. Incidence and species abundance were determined in three Atlantic forest fragments. The reported species are listed herein, followed the known distribution of each species in Brazil, and which of them occur on palm trees. All of the subclasses and five orders were recorded and 22 species were added to the list of myxomycetes associated with oil palm trees in Brazil. The highest incidence value was recorded on dead leaves. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O. F. Müll.) T. Macbr., Arcyria cinerea (Bull.)Pers. and Physarum compressum Alb.& Schwein. werethe most commonspecies, while Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister showed the highest levels of abundance and incidence, thus confirming its preference for the substrates provided by palm trees.

scholarly journals Weed Species Distribution of Juvenile Oil Palm Tree (Elaeis guineensis) Intercropped with Maize (Zea mays), Okra (Abelmoshus esculentus) and Pepper (Capsicum anuum var. abbreviatum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽  
Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Palm Trees

This field experiment was carried out to evaluate the weed species distribution in the experimental plots of an intercrop of juvenile oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with maize (Zea mays Linn.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) and pepper (Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum). This was carried out during the cropping season between July and October 2012. The crops were intercropped with the juvenile oil palm trees of about 3-years-old. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with five (5) replicates. The treatments comprised of intercropping distances of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m each for the three (3) crops (maize, okra and pepper) and a plot for each of the three (3) arable crops without oil palm trees as control. Weed species distribution was carried out in each of the plots to determine the Simpson’s Diversity Index (D), Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1-D) and Simpson’s Reciprocal Index (1/D). Weed species’ frequency, density, relative density, relative frequency, importance value, abundance, dominance and relative dominance were also computed from data collected at 3WAP and 6WAP. The results showed that the control plot has the highest weed species distribution at 3WAP having the lowest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.0930. Okra plot has the least weed species distribution with the highest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.2726. At 6WAP, the pepper plot has the highest weed species distribution having the lowest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.1741. Control plot has the least weed species distribution with highest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.2831.

scholarly journals Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with palm trees

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1389 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENISE NAVIA ◽  
MANOEL G.C. GONDUM JUNIOR ◽  
GILBERTO J. DE MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
The World

Information is presented on eriophyoid mites found on palm trees worldwide by different authors, including original data from a recent survey conducted in Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico. For each species, information on synonymy, locations where it was found on palm trees, palm hosts, and damage are included. Sixty-two eriophyoid species from 31 genera, associated with 54 palm tree species from 25 genera, are listed. A dichotomous key is provided to help in the separation of the reported mites. Four eriophyoid species are reported on palm trees in Europe; 6 in Africa; 17 in Asia, Pacific Islands and Australia; and 40 in the Americas. Four of the reported species belong to Diptilomiopidae, 44 to Eriophyidae and 14 to Phytoptidae. The need for further studies on these mites around the world is discussed.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN MOLEKULER MATERIALGENETIK KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Indra Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Simple Sequence

Oil Palm very important for Indonesia. The plant breeding programs were done to found thebest varieties. The identification of molecular variants is the one step of plant breeding programs.The purpose of this research was to analysis molecular variants of the genetic material of oil palm-based on 4 SSR markers, there were mCnCIR0038, mEgCIR0894, mEgCIR3292 and mEgCIR3663. DARwin 6.0 was used to analysis of the data. The results of this research showedthat genetic molecular variants based on SSR markers were 41.68%.

scholarly journals Deformation of the Date Palm tree trunk in Dammam Metropolitan Area: causes and consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ali Omar Al-Sulbi
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Cut Leaves

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the elegant trees that performs several landscaping functions. Its single trunk textured by bases of the cut leaves distinguishes it from other ornamental trees. This cylindrical textured trunk is one of the major attractive features emphasized the use of date palms as ornamental landscaping trees. Across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Date palms in public landscaping schemes have experienced deformation of their trunks. This is a function of several factors related to plantation, irrigation, and maintenance. This research to investigate and categorise the causes, types, and forms of date palm trees‘ trunks deformation. Prior to a field survey, a randomly conducted pilot survey to collect data from different areas where date palms are used as landscaping ornamental trees across the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA). It applies direct observation, measuring and analysis to develop preliminary understanding of the phenomena; and apply its outcomes on a case study of the Dammam City Seafront (DCS). The result showed that date palm trees‘ trunks deformation has occurred at bottom, middle, and upper parts as results of several factors; and it is as high as almost 97% among investigated trees. However, 58% of deformation symptoms processes have been noticed on bottom third of the date palm trees‘ trunks, near soil surface; and 27.5% of them are in the King Abdullah Seafront Park (KASP). The study proves statistically that sprinkler and bubbler irrigation systems are of major responsibility for near ground deformation of palm trees‘ trunks, which expands at rate of 3.5 and 3.3 CM/Year.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Made from Palm Tree Prunings

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara-Eugenia Ferrández-García ◽  
Antonio Ferrández-García ◽  
Manuel Ferrández-Villena ◽  
Juan Hidalgo-Cordero ◽  
Teresa García-Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Palm Species

Palm trees are very fast-growing species. Their management produces annually a large amount of biomass that traditionally has been either disposed of at dumping sites or has been burnt onsite. This paper presents an experimental study to obtain particleboard using this biomass in a low energy process (short pressing time and low pressing temperature), using particles of different sizes from the rachis (midrib) of the three palm species most representative of urban gardening in Spain: canary palm (Phoenix canariensis hort. ex Chabaud), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and washingtonia palm (Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl). Their physical and mechanical properties were tested, and the feasibility of their use as a construction material was evaluated. The results showed that the manufactured particleboard had similar performance to conventional wood particleboard and good thermal insulation properties. Boards made with the canary species showed better mechanical performance. The properties of the particleboard depended on the particle size and species. The use of the pruning waste of palm trees to produce durable materials such as particleboard could be beneficial to the environment since it is a method of carbon fixation, helping to decrease atmospheric pollution and reducing the amount of waste that ends in dumping sites.

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