scholarly journals Aflatoxin removal of peanut meals with aqueous ethanol

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fonseca ◽  
M.A.B. Regitano-d'Arce

A preliminary approach to achieve compatible simultaneous extraction of aflatoxin and residual oil from pressed oil meals was conducted to determine the minimum amount of water to be added to ethanol versus necessary time to achieve complete removal of aflatoxin. Commercial anhydrous, 96, 93 and 90°GL ethanol were utilized in trials with Soxhlet extractors. Commercial anhydrous ethanol did not remove aflatoxin completely and the extraction efficiency in minutes was directly proportional to the amount of water present in the ethanol, as expected. Although 96°GL ethanol was efficient, alcoholic strengths between 96 and 99°GL need be evaluated to improve oil extraction, provided they do not decrease aflatoxin removal efficiency.

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Quinzaños ◽  
C. Dahl ◽  
R. Strube ◽  
R. Mujeriego

Irrigation with reclaimed water is becoming a practical alternative to conventional irrigation in semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean like Spain, but it requires a reliable treatment process to provide a safe water supply. Helminth eggs are one of the main concerns for the safe use of reclaimed water, as they can survive adverse environmental conditions and they are highly infective. Spanish water quality criteria and International guidelines set a limit of 0.1 eggs/l for water uses with unrestricted human exposure. Two microscreening processes have been tested to determine their potential for helminth eggs removal, after a conventional physic-chemical reclamation process. Hydrotech Drum and Discfilters®, provided with 10 μm pore size filter cloth, were tested to determine their efficiency for helminth eggs straining. An experimental test was conducted using 20 μm spherical latex particles, as surrogates for helminth eggs, to test the removal efficiency of a small full-scale drumfilter. In a subsequent laboratory test, actual Trichuris suis eggs were strained using a 10 μm pore size filter cloth from a discfilter. Results from both tests indicate that drum and discfilters are able to achieve 99% removal efficiency for spherical latex particles and a complete removal for helminth eggs in reclaimed water.


2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Lee ◽  
C.C. Wang

The aim of this study is to isolate denitrifying bacteria utilizing ɛ-caprolactam as the substrate, from a polyacrylonitrile fibre manufactured wastewater treatment system. The aim is also to compare the performance of PAN (polyacrylonitrile) mixed bacteria cultures acclimated to ɛ-caprolactam and isolated pure strain for treating different initial e-caprolactam concentrations from synthetic wastewater under anoxic conditions. The result showed that the PAN mixed bacteria cultures acclimated to e-caprolactam could utilize 1538.5 mg/l of ɛ-caprolactam as a substrate for denitrification. Sufficient time and about 2200 mg/l of nitrate were necessary for the complete ɛ-caprolactam removal. Paracoccus thiophilus was isolated from the polyacrylonitrile fibre manufactured wastewater treatment system and it could utilize 1722.5 mg/l of ɛ-caprolactam as a substrate for denitrification. About 3500 mg/l of nitrate was necessary for the complete removal of ɛ-caprolactam. When the initial ɛ-caprolactam concentration was below 784.3 mg/l, the removal efficiency of ɛ-caprolactam by Paracoccus thiophilus was better than that for the PAN mixed bacteria cultures. The growth of Paracoccus thiophilus was better. However, when the initial ɛ-caprolactam concentration was as high as 1445.8 mg/l, both the ɛ-caprolactam removal efficiency by Paracoccus thiophilus and Paracoccus thiophilus specific growth rate were similar to the PAN mixed bacteria cultures.


2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Gallina Toschi ◽  
Annachiara Berardinelli ◽  
Chiara Cevoli ◽  
Eleonora Iaccheri ◽  
Giuseppe Di Lecce ◽  
...  

The mechanical vibrations characterized by a frequency lower than 200 Hz could promote the cells breakage and improve the oil extraction process by avoiding, at the same time, the negative effects on the commercial qualitative parameters due to the use of the heating during malaxation. Vibration tests were conducted by means of an electrodynamic shaker in order to find the optimal frequency levels of excitation, able to put in a resonant condition the olive paste. Sinusoidal accelerations at constant acceleration (120 m/s<sup>2</sup>), in a range between 5 and 200 Hz were explored. The 50 Hz and 80 Hz frequencies were able to put in resonant condition the olive paste. In the vibrated samples at 50 Hz (15 min of treatment), the maximum increment of the extraction efficiency (about 53% in comparison with the control), was observed. Further studies could be conducted in order to assess the synergic effect of the mechanical vibrations and the malaxation on the oil extraction efficiency, with the aim of reducing the time of the whole phase and avoiding changes in the oil quality traits.


OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nazanin Maryam Mohseni ◽  
Habib Ollah Mirzaei ◽  
Masoumeh Moghimi

In this study, optimization of the extraction of canola seeds oil was investigated using microwave-pulsed electric field seeds pretreatment (MW-PEF) with different MW times (0 to 200 s) and PEF intensities (0 to 5 kV/cm). The seeds oil was then extracted using screw press with different speeds (11 to 57 rpm). Oil extraction efficiency, refractive index, peroxide and phenolic compounds of oil and meal protein were measured. Tocopherols content of the best sample was also measured. The results showed that the peroxide and phenolic compounds increased at higher time, intensity and speed. An increase in the MW time and PEF intensity at first led to an increase in the oil extraction efficiency and meal protein but then both parameters decreased. The efficiency of oil extraction and protein decreased at higher speeds. The refractive index of all samples was 1.475. Gamma tocopherol was predominate one in canola oil and applying the pretreatment led to an increase in the number of total tocopherols. Treating at 1.28 kV/cm for 140.5 s and 28.71 rpm was chosen as the optimum condition with high desirability (0.744).


2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Da Silva Santos ◽  
Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
Iara Maria Casarini Monteiro ◽  
Ivan Fernandes De Souza

A prensagem mecânica é o método mais empregado para extração do óleo de diversos tipos de oleaginosas, constituindo-se em uma operação simples que não exige mão de obra qualificada e facilmente adaptável a diversos tipos de grãos. Entretanto, as prensas contínuas com pequena capacidade, tem um grande potencial de utilização nas pequenas comunidades rurais, apresentam baixa eficiência de extração, deixando uma quantidade significativa de óleo na torta. A operação de retirada das cascas dos frutos de crambe, antes da prensagem, constitui-se em um fator importante que pode otimizar a extração mecânica do óleo de crambe, reduzindo o teor de óleo que se perde pelo processamento do grão com casca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de óleo de crambe extraído mecanicamente, contendo diferentes percentagens de retirada de casca. Foram realizados os testes de rendimento de extração do óleo pelo método mecânico de prensagem a frio, a partir do crambe submetido aos seguintes tratamentos de descasque: grãos sem casca, grãos com 10% de casca, grãos com 20% de casca e grãos com casca (controle). Para avaliar o efeito do descasque foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram observar o efeito positivo e significativo do descasque dos grãos sobre a extração do óleo de crambe, atingindo o máximo rendimento com a ausência de casca.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: crambe, descasque, rendimento de extração, prensagem mecânica, eficiência de extração. DEHULLING PROCESS OF CRAMBE [Crambe Hyspanica subesp. Abyssinica (Hochst. ex R.  E. Fr.) PRINA] AIMING TO OIL EXTRACTIONABSTRACT: The mechanical screw pressing (expeller) is the method most commonly used for extracting oil from various types of oilseeds, constituting of a simple operation that requires no skilled labor and is easily adaptable to various types of grain. However, continuous presses with small capacity have great potential of use in small rural communities, and have low extraction efficiency, leaving a significant amount of oil in the crambe cake. To remove the hull from crambe fruits before pressing is an important factor that can optimize the mechanical extraction of crambe oil, reducing oil waste. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the yield of mechanically extracted oil from crambe fruits containing different percentages of hull. The oil extraction yield tests were performed by the cold pressing method, submitting the crambe to the following hulling treatments: totally dehulled, partially dehulled with 10% hull, partially dehulled with 20% hull, and whole grains (control). To evaluate the dehulling effect, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with four treatments and four replications.  The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.  The results obtained in this work allowed observing the positive and significant effect of hulling to crambe oil extraction. The absence of hull resulted on maximum yield of oil extracted.KEYWORDS: crambe, dehulling, extraction yield, mechanical pressing, extraction efficiency.


Author(s):  
Abdul Khalque ◽  
Shaikh Ahammed ◽  
Saquib Khan ◽  
Rabiul Awual ◽  
K.Ayaz Rabbani ◽  
...  

A new bio-adsorbent to remove reactive dyes from textile effluent was investigated in the present study. The adsorbent was the leaves of locally available hogla plant (Typha angustata). Initially, sunfix yellow, a reactive dye widely used in textile effluents, was used to check the removal efficiency in terms of contact time, pH of dye solution and adsorbent dosage. Complete removal (100%) of dye was achieved at adsorbent/dye ratio of 2300:1 at pH 10 with 180 minutes contact time. The adsorbent was then applied to deep colored, raw textile wastewater samples and it was found that 2.3 g of adsorbent was able to convert 100 mL of deep colored wastewater to transparent water at pH 10. Additionally, treatment by the adsorbent resulted in significant decreases in pH, BOD, COD, TS, TDS and TSS of wastewater, while improving the DO level.


Author(s):  
P.J. Thorne ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D.J.A. Cole

Coconut meal is a by-product of oil extraction from dried coconut kernel or copra. It is a highly variable material which, in practice, may contain from almost 0% ether extract (EE) when the oil has been solvent extracted to around 20% EE when the least efficient mechanical extraction methods are used. The trial reported here examined the effect of processing which produced meals of varying levels of residual oil, on subsequent dietary energy values.Five coconut meals (A-E) and one sample of unprocessed copra (F) were used as a basis of the dietary treatments. Sample A was a solvent extracted meal and samples B-E were all extracted by mechanical means. Analysis of the samples is shown in Table 1.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado ◽  
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano ◽  
Yeimmy Yolima Peralta-Ruiz

Microalgae has recently been highlighted as source of valuable products including biofuel. The production process of biofuels from microalgae involves mass cultivation, harvesting, deep dewatering, lipid extraction and biofuel conversion. In this work, lipids from microalgae Navicula sp. were obtained using multifunctional process that consists of acid hydrolysis or cellular disruption, oil extraction and in situ transesterification. The effect of alcohol added to produce ethyl and methyl esters on lipid extraction efficiency was evaluated using methanol and ethanol in order to determine the most suitable route for obtaining the high values of lipids and total reducing sugar. The highest lipid extraction efficiency and total reducing sugar (7.72 % and 2.63 mg/ml, respectively) was obtained for methanol. The low lipid extraction efficiency of multifuctional process is due to transesterification of lipids that gradually released into the system. The formation of alkyl esters was confirmed by FTIR with an increase in carbonyl peak as the reaction progressed, thus muntifuctional process reduce cost of alkyl esters production by eliminating the step of lipid extraction by solvent.


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