scholarly journals Soil spatial variability and the estimation of the irrigation water depth

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
José Carlos de Araújo Silva ◽  
Luis Henrique Bassoi ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Julio Cesar Martins de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Water Depths

The effects of soil water spatial variability previous to irrigation and of the field capacity on the estimation of irrigation water depth are evaluated. The experiment consisted of a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop established on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, irrigated by central pivot, in which soil water contents were evaluated with a depth neutron gauge, in a grid of 20x4 points with lag of 0.5 m. In a given situation, the 80 calculated irrigation water depths presented a coefficient of variation of 29.3%, with an average water value of 18 mm, maximum of 41mm and minimum of 9 mm. It is concluded that the only practical way of irrigation is the use of an average water depth, due to the inherent variability of the soil, and that the search for better field capacity values does not imply in better water depth estimates.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Fernando H. B. Machado ◽  
Andréia M. S. de S. David ◽  
Silvânio R. dos Santos ◽  
Josiane C. Figueiredo ◽  
Cleisson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Crop strategies focused on the rational use of water are required in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions. Five irrigation water depth were established, based on the field capacity (100, 85, 70, 55 and 40%), to control the available water for two maize hybrids (2B-587 and DKB-390). A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. The plots consisted of irrigation water depths, and the subplots consisted of maize hybrids. The seed water concentration, germination, and vigor were determined after the harvest, using data from first germination counting, seedling emergence, germination speed index, seedling length, and accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and modified cold tests. The maize hybrid DKB-390 showed better physiological potential under the soil water deficit conditions evaluated. The irrigation water depths lower than 70% of field capacity resulted in decreases in soil water contents and affected negatively the physiological quality of the maize seeds produced.

scholarly journals Production and water yield of cauliflower under irrigation depths and nitrogen doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Reginaldo M. de Oliveira ◽  
Rubens A. de Oliveira ◽  
Sanzio M. Vidigal ◽  
Ednaldo M. de Oliveira ◽  
Lorença B. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Cauliflower is a brassica produced and consumed in Brazil, whose cultivation depends on the adequate supply of water and nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation depths and nitrogen doses on the production components and water yield of cauliflower hybrid Barcelona CMS. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water depths (0, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration) combined with five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a split-plot arrangement. The effects of these factors were evaluated using the response surface methodology. The water yield of the crop decreases with increasing irrigation water depth; therefore, the yield is higher when water replenishment is lower than the recommended. The highest estimated total inflorescence yield is 24,547.80 kg ha-1, with a inflorescence mean diameter of 19.60 cm, a inflorescence mean height of 12.25 cm, and an inflorescence fresh weight of 858.90 g plant-1, obtained with an irrigation water depth equivalent to 132.09% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and a nitrogen dose of 450 kg ha-1. The highest inflorescence diameter and height are obtained with an irrigation depth equivalent to 128.70 and 108.20% of ETc, respectively, and a nitrogen dose of 450 kg ha-1. Therefore, the best productivity response of the Barcelona CMS cauliflower hybrid can be obtained using an irrigation depth greater than the crop evapotranspiration, regardless of the nitrogen doses.

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽  
SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽  
MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽  
MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽  
HAFSA JAHAN HIYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

scholarly journals Productive characteristics of banana genotypes submitted to different irrigation water depths under Cerrado conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Luciana Borges e Silva ◽  
Jorge Luís do Nascimento ◽  
Ronaldo Veloso Naves ◽  
Juracy Rocha Braga Filho ◽  
Wilian Henrique Diniz Buso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Irrigation management associated with other banana agricultural practices can provide an increased productivity and improved fruit quality. This study assessed the productive characteristics of banana genotypes under different irrigation water depths. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the School of Agronomy (EA/UFG) in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. The experimental design was a split-plot randomized block design, in which four irrigation water depths (30, 65, 100, and 135% of crop potential evapotranspiration, ETpc) composed the plots and three genotypes (‘FHIA 18’, ‘Grande-Naine’, and ‘Prata’) the subplots, with a spacing of 2.5 × 1.6 m. During the experimental period (first production cycle), the total precipitation was 1719.20 mm. Characterization of genotype development and yield was performed with the following assessments: bunch mass (kg), number of hands, stalk mass (kg), fruit diameter of the second hand (mm), fruit length of the second hand (cm), mass of the second hand (kg), number of fruits of the second hand, total number of fruits, and number of damaged fruits. The cultivar ‘FHIA 18’, differently from the others, showed a significant response to irrigation water depths on productivity. In the genotypes ‘Grande-Naine’ and ‘Prata’, an influence of irrigation was observed only on external and visual characteristics of fruit (diameter, length, and number of damaged fruits). In the genotype ‘Prata’, the irrigation water depth of 965 mm allowed fruit production with a larger diameter. Fruit length in the genotype ‘Prata’ increased linearly as water depth increased. The use of irrigation promoted a reduction in the number of damaged fruits in the genotypes ‘FHIA 18’ and ‘Grande-Naine’.

scholarly journals Growth, production and water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under water depths and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
David H. Campelo ◽  
Adunias dos S. Teixeira ◽  
Luis C. J. Moreira ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the production components and the water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.), as function of water depths and nitrogen doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The irrigation treatments applied in the plots were composed of four water depths: 80, 90, 100 and 110% of the water requirement, based on the soil field capacity, while the N doses, distributed in the subplots, were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. Increases in water depths and in N doses promote linear increases in plant height and leaf area index. For cycle I (2015) the maximum yield (16,778.3 kg ha-1) was reached with the irrigation depth of 538.1 mm and nitrogen dose of 180 kg ha-1; and for cycle II (2016), the maximum yield was reached with the irrigation depth corresponding to 505 mm and N dose of 180 kg ha-1, yielding 17,819.5 kg ha-1. The highest values of WUE (4.1 and 3.8 kg m-3) were estimated in cycle I (2015) for 432.7 mm and in cycle II (2016) for 359.6 mm, respectively; while the highest values of NUE (67.5 and 65.3 kg kg-1) were estimated in cycle I (2015), for the water depth of 555.7 mm and nitrogen dose of 113.3 kg ha-1, and in cycle II (2016), for the water depth of 506 mm and nitrogen dose of 107.7 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Growth and the Yield of Eggplant Crop Under Different Irrigation Depths and Magnetic Treatment of Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Cássio de Castro Seron ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Jean Marcelo Rodrigues do Nascimeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Treatment Water

The use of magnetizers for the treatment of irrigation water can be used in agriculture as an alternative to increase the growth and yield of several crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths and magnetic treatment of water on eggplant crop cultivated in protected environment. The study was carried out in two experiments, in the first one, the design was completely randomized with four replications and two factors: water depths (50, 75 and 100% ETc) for two water qualities (water treated by magnetizers and water without treatment). In the second one, the design was completely randomized with five replicates and two factors: water depths (75 and 100% ETc) for two irrigation water treatment (water treated by magnetizers and water without treatment). In the second experiment was ignored the treatment of 50% of ETc in order to increase the number of repetitions to check if there are differences between water treated to water without treatment. There were no significant differences in eggplant yield and growth as function of the magnetic treatment of water. The water depth that provided the highest yield, number of fruits per plant and stem dry matter in the two experiments was 100% ETc regardless of water quality.

scholarly journals Pedotransfer functions related to spatial variability of water retention attributes for lowland soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Luiz Carvalho Nebel ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Wim Cornelis ◽  
Donald Gabriels ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The estimation of non available soil variables through the knowledge of other related measured variables can be achieved through pedotransfer functions (PTF) mainly saving time and reducing cost. Great differences among soils, however, can yield non desirable results when applying this method. This study discusses the application of developed PTFs by several authors using a variety of soils of different characteristics, to evaluate soil water contents of two Brazilian lowland soils. Comparisons are made between PTF evaluated data and field measured data, using statistical and geostatistical tools, like mean error, root mean square error, semivariogram, cross-validation, and regression coefficient. The eight tested PTFs to evaluate gravimetric soil water contents (Ug) at the tensions of 33 kPa and 1,500 kPa presented a tendency to overestimate Ug 33 kPa and underestimate Ug1,500 kPa. The PTFs were ranked according to their performance and also with respect to their potential in describing the structure of the spatial variability of the set of measured values. Although none of the PTFs have changed the distribution pattern of the data, all resulted in mean and variance statistically different from those observed for all measured values. The PTFs that presented the best predictive values of Ug33 kPa and Ug1,500 kPa were not the same that had the best performance to reproduce the structure of spatial variability of these variables.

Formation of sporangia by Phytophthora drechsleri in soil at high matric potentials

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (13) ◽  
pp. 1270-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Duniway
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Phytophthora Drechsleri ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Soil Evidence ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The formation of sporangia by Phytophthora drechsleri was examined in soil at constant matric potentials (ψm) between 0 and −0.3 bar, corresponding to soil water contents between saturation and field capacity. At ψm = −0.3 bar, P. drechsleri required 1.5 days to form a significant number of sporangia in soil. After 3–11 days in soil, when maximum numbers of sporangia were found, all ψm values from −0.025 to −0.3 bar were optimum for the formation of sporangia in both sterilized and unsterilized soil. In contrast, few sporangia were formed in soil at ψm values of 0 and −0.01 bar. Mycelia on the soil surface at ψm = 0 formed many sporangia, indicating that aeration at a depth of 5 mm in saturated soil was inadequate for sporangia to form. Viable sporangia were recovered from soil as long as 35 days after mycelial disks were placed in soil. Evidence is presented for the release of zoospores by sporangia in soil at all ψm values tested.

Factors influencing mineralizable carbon in a landscape with variable topography

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chan ◽  
B D Kay ◽  
E G Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Variable Topography

Management-induced erosion has substantially increased the spatial variability in soil organic carbon (OC) stocks in landscapes with variable topography, but its impact on C dynamics is not well understood. The variability in cumulative C mineralization of samples from five positions in a landscape was examined in an incubation study and the effects of water content and depth within the A horizon were assessed. Mineralization was generally at a maximum at water contents between 80 and 95% water-filled pore space. The amount of C mineralized increased with OC content, but the proportion of the mineralizable OC decreased with increasing OC content. Few significant differences in C mineralization existed between surface and subsurface layers of the A horizon. The spatial patterns in maximum C mineralization were generally indicative of the patterns obtained when mineralization was calculated using spatial patterns of actual seasonal average water contents. This suggests the spatial pattern of maximum mineralization was not strongly influenced by variable hydrologic conditions on this site and reflects the spatial patterns in annual mineralization. The proportion of OC mineralized was not related to the proportion of the OC in particulate organic carbon (POC) or in the silt + clay fractions, but was significantly negatively related to the saturation of the clay + silt fraction with C. We speculate that the decline in the proportion of mineralized OC with increasing OC content reflects an increased proportion of the capacity of the silt + clay fraction to retain and physically protect OC within microaggregates. Key words: Erosion, deposition, mineralizable organic carbon, spatial variability

scholarly journals REPOSIÇÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO E INCIDÊNCIA DE DOENÇAS FOLIARES EM CULTIVARES DE FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-712
Author(s):  
Taynara Tuany Borges Valeriano ◽  
Ana Flávia Oliveira ◽  
Márcio José Santana ◽  
Isaias Antônio de Paiva ◽  
Daniel Rufino Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Water Depths

 REPOSIÇÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO E INCIDÊNCIA DE DOENÇAS FOLIARES EM CULTIVARES DE FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)     TAYNARA TUANY BORGES VALERIANO1; ANA FLÁVIA OLIVEIRA2; MÁRCIO JOSÉ DE SANTANA3; ISAÍAS ANTONIO DE PAIVA4 E DANIEL RUFINO AMARAL5   1 Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial – CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil, [email protected]; 2 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua João Batista Ribeiro, 4000, Distrito Industrial II - CEP: 38064-790, Uberaba-MG, Brasil, [email protected]; 3 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua João Batista Ribeiro, 4000, Distrito Industrial II - CEP: 38064-790, Uberaba-MG, Brasil, [email protected]; 4 Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Juvevê - CEP:80035-050, Curitiba-PR, Brasil, [email protected]; 5 Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua João Batista Ribeiro, 4000 - Bairro: Distrito Industrial II - CEP: 38064-790 – Uberaba-MG, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A incidência de doenças foliares é um dos principais fatores que interferem na produtividade, e está diretamente relacionada com as lâminas de água aplicadas na cultura do feijoeiro. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito das reposições de água no solo sobre a incidência de doenças foliares em cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). O experimento foi conduzido em uma casa de vegetação, localizada no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM Campus - Uberaba). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, disposto em um esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas cultivares: IAC Imperador e IPR Juriti, cinco reposições de água no solo, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), e cinco repetições. As doenças avaliadas foram crestamento bacteriano e mancha de alternaria, no intervalo de 10 dias. O manejo da irrigação a 100% e 120% de ETc registraram maior severidade de mancha de alternaria e crestamento bacteriano comum para cultivar IPR Juriti. Houve um aumento linear e quadrático da AACPD para crestamento bacteriano comum e mancha de alternaria, respectivamente, com aumento das lâminas de irrigação. As maiores médias de produtividade do feijoeiro, assim como a maior eficiência do uso da água (EUA) foram obtidas com a lâmina de 80% da ETc.   Palavras-chave: fitopatologia, crestamento bacteriano, mancha de alternaria, evapotranspiração.     VALERIANO, T. T. B.; OLIVEIRA, A. F.; SANTANA, M. J. de; PAIVA, I. A., AMARAL, D. R. WATER REPLENISHMENT ON SOIL AND IMPACT OF FOLIARY DISEASES ON FEIJOEIRO CULTIVARS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)         2 ABSTRACT   The incidence of foliar diseases is one of the main factors that interfere with yield and is directly related to the water depths applied in bean crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil water replenishment on foliar diseases incommon bean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM Campus - Uberaba). The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications, arranged in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, two cultivars, IAC Imperador and IPR Juriti, five replenishments of soil water, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% of crop evapotranspiration, and five water replacements. Diseases evaluated were common bacterial blight and alternaria spot in the 10-day interval. The irrigation management was carried out by the method of percolating water collection drains. Depth corresponding to 100% and 120% ETC showed higher severity of alternaria and common bacterial blight to cultivar IPR Juriti. There was linear and quadratic increase of ASCPD for common bacterial blight and alternaria spot, respectively, with increased depth. The highest productivity values of common bean, as well as greater efficiency in water use, were obtained with depth of approximately 80% of the ETC.   Keywords: plant pathology, bacterial blight, alternaria spot, evapotranspiration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document