scholarly journals Prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Echer ◽  
Ana Paula Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Amália de Fátima Lucena ◽  
Stephani Amanda Lukasewicz Ferreira ◽  
Marli Maria Knorst
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
High Degree

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of smoking among employees of a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Data collection happened in 2008, during the periodic health exam, using a questionnaire, according to the smoking status of the employees. The sample consisted of 1,475 subjects, in which 979 (66.4%) were non-smokers, 295 (20%) former smokers and 201 (13.6%) smokers. Smoking was more prevalent among employees with lower education levels and among professionals in administrative positions. Among smokers, low dependence was identified, as well as desire and high degree of motivation to stop smoking, with health concerns as the main reason. Thus, taking into account the motivation of smokers to stop smoking, this is an appropriate time for health education and specific support to employees in the process of smoking cessation.

Role of flavours in vaping uptake and cessation among New Zealand smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Gendall ◽  
Janet Hoek
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

BackgroundConcerns about the effects of vaping have prompted calls to restrict e-cigarette flavours. Vaping proponents have criticised these proposals, which they argue may discourage smokers from taking up vaping or trigger relapse to smoking. We explored the role flavours play in vaping uptake and cessation among New Zealand cigarette smokers and vaping-susceptible never smokers (VSNS), and examined current vapers’ preferred flavours.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of 1005 New Zealanders aged 18–70 years that included 324 current vapers (vaped in the last 30 days) and 302 ‘past’ vapers (reported past vaping, but not within the last month). We asked respondents their reasons for vaping and explored current vapers’ preferred e-cigarette flavours; we analysed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsIrrespective of smoking status, flavour was one of the main reasons respondents gave for vaping (smokers 83%; former smokers 77%; VSNS 80%). Flavour was less important to former vapers; 47% of smokers, 57% of former smokers and 64% of VSNS cited flavour as a reason for originally taking up vaping. Fruit flavours were most popular among all three groups; smokers also favoured tobacco flavour, while former smokers also favoured mint or menthol, and never smokers also favoured confectionery/sweets/lolly flavours.ConclusionsFlavours play a major role in vaping initiation for current smokers, former smokers and vaping-susceptible non-smokers, and remain important to those who continue vaping. Our findings highlight the need for regulation that allows some flavour diversity without the extravagant marketing currently used to promote vaping and e-liquids.

scholarly journals Profile and motivation for smoking cessation in surgical inpatients

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Isabel Cristina Echer
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Preparation Phase

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the profile of smokers hospitalized for surgery, and investigate their motivation to quit. The sample consisted of 100 patients recruited from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected between February and May 2013, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The sample was predominantly male (n=58; 58%) and had a mean age of 54.5±13.8 years. Seventy-nine (79%) of the participants were white, 38(38%) were married and 67(67%) had primary education only. Patients started smoking at a mean age of 17±6.6 years, smoked approximately 20(10 to 28.7) cigarettes/day and had been smoking for a mean of 37.4±14.4 years. Ninety-one (91%) patients wanted to stop smoking, 57(57%) were in the preparation phase, 36(36%) had low nicotine dependence and 35(35%) had been encouraged to quit. We concluded that, although hospitalization is a good moment to address smoking cessation, health care professionals do not enact effective and systematic interventions in this regard.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Perceived Effectiveness of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Gulf Countries: A Cross-sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1769846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameerah Y Mansour ◽  
Zuhair Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Graphic Images

Objectives: To explore the perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warning (PHW) labels required by the Gulf Cooperation Council, to compare them with the Food and Drug Administration–approved PHW labels, and to determine factors affecting their perceived effectiveness. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of adult smokers and nonsmokers was conducted. The data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. The perceived effectiveness scores of PHW labels were calculated and compared among different subgroups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn multiple comparison test at a .05 significance level. Results: Of the 90 people invited to participate in the survey, 77 (86%) completed it, with 39 (50%) nonsmokers, 22 (29%) smokers, and 16 (21%) former smokers. Overall, labels having graphic images of illness or pathology are perceived to be most effective. Smokers generally perceived labels significantly less effective compared with former smokers and nonsmokers. Also, 55 respondents (71%) suggested that the presence of a telephone quit-line would be effective. Conclusions: Smoking status and image type had the most effect on the perceived effectiveness of the PHW labels on cigarette packs. Pictorial health warning labels with graphic images of pathology and a telephone quit-line are perceived to be most effective.

Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazer J. Lowe ◽  
Evan O. Gregg ◽  
Michael McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data on biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers.: This was a cross-sectional study of 80 healthy male and female volunteers over 21 years old, self-selected for smoking status. Subjects were pre-screened by medical staff at an independent clinical research unit, within 1 week prior to a single overnight residential visit and sample collection.: All BoE were able to differentiate between the two smoking groups and smokers from all non-smokers. There was a strong correlation between cigarettes smoked per day and total urinary nicotine equivalents (TNE; r=0.85). TNE correlated better with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels than cigarettes smoked per day (r=0.75 and r=0.56, respectively). Of the BoPH included in this study, seven (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, 2, 3-dinorthromboxane B2, 8-epi prostaglandin F: While BoE clearly differentiate between groups based on self-declared smoking status, most BoPH examined could not do so in a consistent manner. The dynamics of BoPH levels are not well understood. Future studies of BoPH should eliminate potential confounding factors and increase the number of subjects to allow the investigation of genetic polymorphism in metabolic pathways.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:311–20.

scholarly journals Co-occurring depression and alcohol misuse is under-identified in general practice: A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne Hobden ◽  
Jamie Bryant ◽  
Rob Sanson-Fisher ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
Mariko Carey
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Behaviour Data

Depression and alcohol misuse are common co-occurring conditions. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of general practitioner identification of depression and alcohol misuse. Participants from 12 Australian general practices reported demographic and health risk behaviour data. General practitioners were asked to indicate the presence or absence of six health risk factors for individual patients. Accuracy of general practitioner identification was low at 21 per cent. Those with severe alcohol misuse, no chronic diseases and lower education levels were more likely to be identified. Routine screening prior to patient appointments may be a simple and efficient way to increase identification rates.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Health Check-up and Cancer Screening Participation among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomgyeol Kim ◽  
Yejin Lee ◽  
Jin-Won Noh ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Cancer Screening Participation

Abstract Background Providing care for patients with dementia can negatively influence the physical health and health behaviours of family caregivers. A better understanding of the factors associated with health check-up and cancer screening participation is vital for developing effective interventions. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors associated with health check-up and cancer screening participation among family caregivers of patients with dementia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that analysed the data of 2,414 family caregivers of patients with dementia collected by the Korea Community Health Survey in 2017. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and health status factors associated with health check-up and cancer screening participation among family caregivers of patients with dementia. Results Health check-up and cancer screening rates among family caregivers of patients with dementia were 68.7% and 61.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the rates for individuals who were not caregivers of patients with dementia. Those with lower education levels had lower odds ratios (OR) for both health check-up (OR: 0.60) and cancer screening (OR: 0.59) participation. In addition, symptoms of depression were associated with lower participation (health check-up OR: 0.67; cancer screening OR: 0.65). Conclusions More targeted disease prevention and management strategies must be developed for family caregivers of patients with dementia, particularly those with depressive symptoms and lower education levels.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Valmore Bermudez ◽  
Luis Carlos Olivar ◽  
Wheeler Torres ◽  
Carla Navarro ◽  
Robys Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11–2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51–0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.

scholarly journals Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hwan Lee ◽  
Yeojun Yun ◽  
Soo Jung Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

There have been few large-scale studies on the relationship between smoking and gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between smoking status and the composition of gut microbiota. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using Healthcare Screening Center cohort data. A total of 758 men were selected and divided into three groups: never (n = 288), former (n = 267), and current smokers (n = 203). Among the three groups, there was no difference in alpha diversity, however, Jaccard-based beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.015). Pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests between never and former smokers did not show a difference; however, there was significant difference between never and current smokers (p = 0.017) and between former and current smokers (p = 0.011). Weighted UniFrac-based beta diversity also showed significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.038), and pairwise PERMANOVA analysis of never and current smokers showed significant difference (p = 0.01). In the analysis of bacterial composition, current smokers had an increased proportion of the phylum Bacteroidetes with decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with never smokers, whereas there were no differences between former and never smokers. In conclusion, gut microbiota composition of current smokers was significantly different from that of never smokers. Additionally, there was no difference in gut microbiota composition between never and former smokers.

scholarly journals Self-reported smoking status and urinary cotinine levels in patients with asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pimentel Pinheiro ◽  
Carolina de Souza-Machado ◽  
Andréia Guedes Oliva Fernandes ◽  
Raquel Cristina Lins Mota ◽  
Liranei Limoeiro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Moderate Asthma ◽  
Former Smokers

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of active smoking among patients with asthma and individuals without asthma by self-report and urinary cotinine measurement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Salvador, Brazil, and involving 1,341 individuals: 498 patients with severe asthma, 417 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, and 426 individuals without asthma. Smoking status was determined by self-report (with the use of standardized questionnaires) and urinary cotinine measurement. The study variables were compared with the chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Of the sample as a whole, 55 (4.1%) reported being current smokers. Of those, 5 had severe asthma, 17 had mild-to-moderate asthma, and 33 had no asthma diagnosis. Of the 55 smokers, 32 (58.2%) were daily smokers and 23 (41.8%) were occasional smokers. Urinary cotinine levels were found to be high in self-reported nonsmokers and former smokers, especially among severe asthma patients, a finding that suggests patient nondisclosure of smoking status. Among smokers, a longer smoking history was found in patients with severe asthma when compared with those with mild-to-moderate asthma. In addition, the proportion of former smokers was higher among patients with severe asthma than among those with mild-to-moderate asthma. Conclusions: Former smoking is associated with severe asthma. Current smoking is observed in patients with severe asthma, and patient nondisclosure of smoking status occurs in some cases. Patients with severe asthma should be thoroughly screened for smoking, and findings should be complemented by objective testing.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Smoking in Pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordana de Cássia Pinheiro da Motta ◽  
Isabel Cristina Echer ◽  
Amália de Fátima Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Prenatal Interventions

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.

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