scholarly journals Effect of tibiotarsal joint inflammation on gene expression and cross-sectional area in rat soleus muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ramírez ◽  
Thiago L. Russo ◽  
Gabriel Delfino ◽  
Sabrina M. Peviani ◽  
Carolina Alcântara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle

scholarly journals Effect of Previous Strength Training Episodes and Retraining on Cross-Sectional Area and Protein Contents of Rat Soleus Muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Kwang-Seok Hong ◽  
Ji-Seok Kim ◽  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Kijeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Training ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle

PURPOSE: This study tested the hypothesis that previous strength training episodes favorably contribute to muscular hypertrophic adaptations in rat soleus muscle after long-term detraining and retraining in rats.METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) aged 8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CON), detraining (DT), strength training (ST), and retraining (RT). The strength training was a regular bout of ladder climbing exercise that consisted of three sets of five repetitions and three days per week for eight weeks. A cylinder containing weights was loaded to the bottom of each rat’s tail. The weights carried during each training session were initially 50% of body weight and progressively increased by 10% per session. Rats in the DT underwent twenty weeks of detraining periods immediately after eight weeks of strength training. Rats in the ST were aged matched to the RT group and underwent eight weeks of strength training at the same duration with the RT group. Rats in the RT were conducted to the resistance training for eight weeks following the detraining period. Soleus muscles were collected at the end of the training episodes to examine alterations in cross-sectional area and protein contents.RESULTS: ST showed a significant increase in cross-sectional area of the rat soleus muscle, compared with CON. It was interestingly demonstrated that RT markedly elicited hypertrophy of soleus muscle, compared with all other groups. It was supported that RTinduced hypertrophy was related to increased myofibrillar protein contents of the soleus muscle.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that although prolonged training cessation occurs previous strength training episodes have a positive impact on restoring muscular contractile properties and hypertrophy after retraining.

Running during recovery from hindlimb suspension induces transient muscle injury

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Kasper ◽  
T. P. White ◽  
L. C. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Type I Fibers

The objectives were to study morphological adaptations of soleus muscle to decreased loading induced by hindlimb suspension and the effect of run training during the subsequent recovery period. Adult female Wistar rats were kept for 28 days with hindlimbs suspended. For the next 28 days, rats were assigned to a cage-sedentary or daily running group. Compared with control soleus muscles, 28 days of hindlimb suspension reduced the mass and fiber cross-sectional area to 58 and 53% of control values, respectively, and decreased type I fibers from 92 +/- 2 to 81 +/- 2%. During recovery, clusters of damaged fibers were observed in the soleus muscle, and this observation was more pronounced in trained animals. Type IIc fibers appeared transiently during recovery, and their presence was exacerbated with training, as IIc fibers increased to approximately 20% of the total by day 14 of recovery and were no longer evident at day 28. Although muscle wet mass does not differ as a result of mode of recovery at day 14, training transiently decreased the overall fiber area compared with sedentary recovery at this point. By day 28 of recovery the morphological characteristics of soleus muscle in the trained group did not differ from control muscle, whereas in the sedentary group muscle mass and overall fiber cross-sectional area were approximately 14% less than control values.

Essential role of satellite cells in the growth of rat soleus muscle fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. C458-C467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Kawano ◽  
Yoshiaki Takeno ◽  
Naoya Nakai ◽  
Yoko Higo ◽  
Masahiro Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gravitational Loading ◽  
The Cross

Effects of gravitational loading or unloading on the growth-associated increase in the cross-sectional area and length of fibers, as well as the total fiber number, in soleus muscle were studied in rats. Furthermore, the roles of satellite cells and myonuclei in growth of these properties were also investigated. The hindlimb unloading by tail suspension was performed in newborn rats from postnatal day 4 to month 3 with or without 3-mo reloading. The morphological properties were measured in whole muscle and/or single fibers sampled from tendon to tendon. Growth-associated increases of soleus weight and fiber cross-sectional area in the unloaded group were ∼68% and 69% less than the age-matched controls. However, the increases of number and length of fibers were not influenced by unloading. Growth-related increases of the number of quiescent satellite cells and myonuclei were inhibited by unloading. And the growth-related decrease of mitotically active satellite cells, seen even in controls (20%, P > 0.05), was also stimulated (80%). The increase of myonuclei during 3-mo unloading was only 40 times vs. 92 times in controls. Inhibited increase of myonuclear number was not related to apoptosis. The size of myonuclear domain in the unloaded group was less and that of single nuclei, which was decreased by growth, was larger than controls. However, all of these parameters, inhibited by unloading, were increased toward the control levels generally by reloading. It is suggested that the satellite cell-related stimulation in response to gravitational loading plays an essential role in the cross-sectional growth of soleus muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Relationship between Muscle Cross-Sectional Area by MRI and Muscle Thickness by Ultrasonography of the Triceps Surae in the Sitting Position

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Miyachi ◽  
Toshiaki Yamazaki ◽  
Naoki Ohno ◽  
Tosiaki Miyati
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) of the triceps surae in the supine and sitting positions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the relationship between the MCSA of the triceps surae in the sitting position and muscle thickness (MT), assessed using MRI and ultrasonography, respectively. This study included 16 healthy young male participants. The measurement positions were 90° flexion of the knee joint and neutral position of the ankle joint in the sitting or supine positions. Using an open-configuration MRI system with a vertical gap and ultrasonography, we measured the MCSA and MT of the soleus muscle and the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle at three selected locations in the ventral part of the muscle. As a result, the 50% portion of the soleus muscle and the 25% and 50% portions of the gastrocnemius medial and lateral heads were higher in the sitting position than in the supine position. Furthermore, only 50% of the gastrocnemius medial head showed a correlation between the MCSA and MT. When using the MT of the triceps surae as an indicator of muscle volume in the sitting position, the muscle site should be considered.

Long-term isoprenaline administration produces an increase in capillarity in the soleus muscle of the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sillau ◽  
Maria De Lourdes Philippi
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Cross Sectional

The effects of isoprenaline administration (300 μg/kg for 5 weeks) on rat soleus muscle capillarity and glycolytic and oxidative capacities were evaluated. The treatment resulted in ventricular hypertrophy. The activities of lactic dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, citrate synthase, and cytochrome c oxidase in soleus muscle homogenates were not different between control and isoprenaline-injected animals. Capillaries were visualized in muscle cross sections treated to demonstrate ATPase activity after acid preincubation. Capillary density was higher in the experimental (873 ± 38 capillaries/mm2) than in the control (713 ± 33 capillaries/mm2) animals. Capillary to fiber ratio was also higher in the experimental (2.47 ± 0.10) than in control (2.09 ± 0.08) animals, but fiber cross-sectional area was not changed by the treatment (2836 ± 87 μm2 in controls and 2951 ± 136 μm2 in experimental). A plot of capillary to fiber ratio vs. fiber cross-sectional area showed that at a given fiber cross-sectional area the value of capillary to fiber ratio of the treated animals was higher than that of the controls. This indicates that treatment resulted in the proliferation of microvessels. The results suggest that prolonged β-adrenergic stimulation results in the development of new capillaries but that this is not accompanied by increases in the oxidative capacity of the soleus muscle of the rat.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in cristae of lymphoblasts in acute lymphoblastic leukemia parallel alterations in biogenesis markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritika Singh ◽  
Ayushi Jain ◽  
Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy ◽  
T. C. Nag ◽  
Sameer Bakhshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractWe explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis was done in 15 ALL patients and 9 healthy controls. The area occupied by mitochondria per cell and the cristae cross-sectional area was observed to be significantly higher in patients than in controls (p-value = 0.0468 and p-value< 0.0001, respectively). The mtDNA copy numbers, TFAM, POLG, and c-myc gene expression were significantly higher in ALL patients than controls (all p-values< 0.01). Gene Expression of PGC-1α was higher in tumor samples. The analysis of the correlation between PGC-1α expression and morphology parameters i.e., both M/C ratio and cristae cross-sectional area revealed a positive trend (r = 0.3, p = 0.1). The increased area occupied by mitochondria and increased cristae area support the occurrence of cristae remodelling in ALL. These changes might reflect alterations in cristae dynamics to support the metabolic state of the cells by forming a more condensed network. Ultrastructural imaging can be useful for affirming changes occurring at a subcellular organellar level.

Exercise-induced satellite cell activation in senescent soleus muscle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 888-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. McCormick ◽  
D. P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Nuclear Density ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine satellite cell mitotic activity and myofiber nuclear density in the soleus muscle of aged rats and 2) to examine the effect of exercise training on these same parameters. Twenty-four-month-old specific pathogen-free female Fischer 344 rats were assigned to either a training or a control group. The trained group performed 10 wk of progressive treadmill running that resulted in a significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.05) in vastus lateralis muscle malate dehydrogenase activity compared with control rats. Training produced a doubling of soleus muscle satellite cell mitotic activity (trained 1.28 +/- 0.33, control 0.52 +/- 0.13 thymidine-labeled satellite cells per 1,000 nuclei; P less than or equal to 0.05). Training also resulted in a doubling in the number of damaged fibers in the soleus muscle (P less than or equal to 0.05). Mean myofiber nuclear density was unaltered by exercise training but varied as a function of soleus muscle fiber size. Nuclear density of a subpopulation of small fibers (cross-sectional area less than one standard deviation below the mean cross-sectional area of all fibers examined) was significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) than in other fibers in the soleus muscle. A high nuclear density and small size suggest that these fibers were immature. In addition, the soleus muscle from trained rats had significantly more (P less than or equal to 0.05) small fibers with high nuclear density than muscle from control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Myonuclear number and myosin heavy chain expression in rat soleus single muscle fibers after spaceflight

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Allen ◽  
W. Yasui ◽  
T. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Ohira ◽  
S. Nagaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Size

The effects of 14 days of spaceflight on myonuclear number, fiber size, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in isolated rat soleus muscle fiber segments were studied. Single soleus muscle fibers from rats flown on the Spacelab Life Sciences-2 14-day mission were compared with those from age-matched ground-based control rats by using confocal microscopy and gel electrophoresis. Spaceflight resulted in a significant reduction in the number of fibers expressing type I MHC and an increase in the number of fibers expressing type IIx or IIa MHC. Space-flight also resulted in an increase in the percentage of fibers coexpressing more than one MHC and in the reexpression of the neonatal isoform of MHC in some fibers. Fiber cross-sectional area was significantly reduced in pure type I MHC-expressing fibers and in fibers coexpressing type I+II MHC but not in fibers expressing one or more type II MHC in the flight rats. The number of myonuclei per millimeter was significantly reduced in type I MHC-expressing fibers from the flight rats but was not significantly different in type I+II and type II MHC-coexpressing fibers. Fibers expressing neonatal MHC were similar in size to control fibers but had significantly fewer myonuclei per millimeter than flight fibers not expressing neonatal MHC. In type I MHC-expressing fibers, the reduction in fiber cross-sectional area was greater than the reduction in myonuclear number; thus the average cytoplasmic volume per myonucleus was significantly lower in flight than in control fibers. The reduction in both myonuclear number and fiber size of fibers expressing type I MHC after 14 days of spaceflight supports the hypothesis that changes in the number of myonuclei may be a contributing factor to the reduction in fiber size associated with chronic unloading of the musculature.

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