scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Australian Cedar genotypes selected by mixed models

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulfe Tavares ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for raw material for multiple uses of forest products and by-products has attracted the interest for fast growing species, such as the Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata), which presents high productive and economic potential. The present work aimed at estimating genetic diversity by DNA markers and morphological traits supported for the mixed models. The following traits were measured and genotypes were sampled randomly in different areas: diameter at breast height, height, cylindrical volume, diameter, distance between nodes and crown diameter. Twelve RAPD primers were used and generated a total of 91 marks, 82 of which were polymorphic. The high percentage of polymorphic markers, 90.10%, demonstrated that discrimination in this species is efficient, but it yet little studied, for this case we can find the extent of the genetic basis for the application of technical improvement. The assessment of genetic diversity by the UPGMA method using the binary and morphological data provided the expression of genetic dissimilarities among the accessions evaluated, optimizing the perception of this divergence. The use of mixed models was efficient to assess combined genetic diversity to optimize the selection of genotypes with divergent genetic values for diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Predicting Diameter at Breast Height from Stump Measurements of Removed Trees to Estimate Cuttings, Illegal Loggings and Natural Disturbances

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Lucio Di Cosmo ◽  
Patrizia Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
New Models ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Stand Conditions ◽  
Better Than

Predicting diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees from stump information may be necessary to reconstruct silvicultural practices, to assess harvested timber and wood, or to estimate forest products’ losses caused by illegal cuttings or natural disasters (disturbances). A model to predict DBH of felled trees was developed by the first Italian National Forest Inventory in 1985 (IFNI85). The model distinguished between the two broad groups of conifers and broadleaves and used stump diameter as the sole quantitative variable. Using an original dataset containing data from about 1200 trees of sixteen species recorded throughout Italy, we assessed the performance of that model. To improve the prediction of the DBH of removed trees over large areas and for multiple species, we developed new models using the same dataset. Performance of the new models was tested through indices computed on cross-validated data obtained through the leave-one-out method. A new model that performs better than the old one was finally selected. Compared to the old NFI model, the selected model improved DBH prediction for fourteen species up to 31.28%. This study proved that species specification and stump height are variables needed to improve the models’ performance and suggested that data collection should be continued to get enhanced models, accurate for different ecological and stand conditions.

Simultaneous total and merchantable volume equations and a compatible taper function for loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. McTague ◽  
Robert L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Special Case

Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) is an important source of raw material for the forest products industry of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data from 159 trees were used to develop a simultaneously estimated total and merchantable volume equation, which treats total volume as a special case of merchantable volume with Dm, the diameter limit, equal to zero. By imposing a restriction on the parameters of the total and merchantable volume equation, a compatible taper function was derived that predicts diameter at breast height when merchantable height equals 1.3 m. The taper function possesses an analytic point of inflection in the lower portion of the stem.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Three Cultivars Of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Based On Rapd Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Suryadi Suryadi ◽  
Alice Yuniaty ◽  
Agus Hery Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Increasing Demand

Peanut (Arachis hypogea) is a typical plant species of tropical regions that has high economic value. The plantation is widely spread over many areas and the production is being pushed to meet the increasing demand. Peanut breeding program is aimed to improve genetic quality, mainly with resepct of production and thus information on genetic diversity is necessary as a basis for consideration in breeding, management and sustainable utilization. One approach to analyse genetic diversity of peanut is by using molecular markers. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a widely used molecular marker for genetic diversity analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity of peanut cultivars, i.e. Jerapah, Kancil, and Hypoma 2, based on RAPD markers. The study was conducted in a survey method, in which three individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using PCR-RAPD technique employing twelve primers, i.e. OPA-1, OPA-2, OPA-9, OPA-13, OPB-2, OPB-3, OPB-4, OPB-5, OPB-7, OPB-11, OPB-12 and OPJ-07. Data analysis based on morphological data is also included. Molecular analysis revealed that only 7.55% polymorphic band was obtained, while most of the bands were monomorphic, indicating very low variation among the cultivars. The phenogram that constructed based on literature showed that Kancil was closer to Jerapah cultivar, while RAPD-based dendogram showed that Hypoma 2 was closer to Kancil cultivar.

scholarly journals GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND FOLIARY ULTRASTRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT EUCALYPTUS GENETIC MATERIALS

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 021
Author(s):  
Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa ◽  
Allan De Marcos Lapaz ◽  
Thadeu Henrique Novais Spósito ◽  
Ronaldo Da Silva Viana ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Monteiro De Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Currently eucalyptus is used as raw material in different industrial segments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, development and ultrastructural parameters in different eucalyptus genetic materials. The randomized block experiment was carried out in ten treatments and five replicates, with different genetic materials: six hybrids:I-144; H-13; 110; NA-151; NA-189 (Eucalyptus urophilla S. T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill); Grancam 1277 (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill x Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.); and four pure genetic materials:0020 (Eucalyptus saligna Sm.); 0010 (Eucalyptus resinífera Sm.); Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. and Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson.Approximately four years after planting, the following variables were determined: plant height (AP), diameter at breast height (DAP), spad index (ISPAD), adaxial cuticle thickness (ECAD), abaxial cuticle thickness (ADX), abaxial epidermal thickness (EEAB), xylem diameter (DX), phloem diameter (DF) and palisade parenchyma length (CPP).The materials NA - 151 (Eucalyptus urophilla x E. grandis) and Grancam 1277 (E. grandis x E. camaldulensis) presented higher plant height (AP). The materials 0020 (E. saligna); 0010 (E. resinífera) and Corymbia torelliana presented smaller diameter at breast height (DAP). In general, the Corymbia torelliana genetic material had the lowest values in the ultrastructural foliar parameters

Modeling the effect of skidded timber bunches on forest soil compaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097870
Author(s):  
Igor Grigorev ◽  
Olga Kunickaya ◽  
Albert Burgonutdinov ◽  
Olga Burmistrova ◽  
Varvara Druzyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cryolithic Zone ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Solid Soil ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Compaction Processes

An increasing demand for forest products incites a large number of log transportation operations, which may lead to negative consequences for the soil and the ecosystem as a whole. This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate the soil deformation and compaction processes under the influence of individual components of the skidding system, such as the forwarder, limbs, butts, and tops of tree-lengths in high latitudes, permafrost soil, and forests of the cryolithic zone. The effectiveness of the proposed model was evaluated according to experimental results. Comparative analysis showed that the calculated data differ from the experimental data by no more than 10%. The deformation of the soil by the bunch of tree-length logs occurs due to shearing processes. It has been established that the initial vertical stress exceeds the radial stress by 30–40%. The result of estimating the dependency of the shelterbelt width on the number of tree-length logs showed that the limit values for logs amount to 4–6 units for the mild, medium, and solid soil categories. The obtained results and the developed model will allow for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the technological impact on the soil during the projecting of maps for logging operations.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. and Salvia columbariae Benth. Varieties for Their Cultivation in Southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Samantha Jo Grimes ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Seed Yields

Rising consumer attraction towards superfoods and the steadily increasing demand for healthy, environmentally sustainable, and regionally produced food products has sharpened the demand for chia. Over the course of 4 years, two early flowering chia varieties belonging to Salvia hispanica L., and Salvia columbariae Benth. Species were identified to complete their phenological development and, therefore, able to reach maturity under a photoperiod >12 h, thus enabling the cultivation of chia in central Europe—more specifically, in southwestern Germany—consistently for the first time. Results obtained by the conducted field trial in 2018 showed that chia seed yields and thousand-seed mass ranged from 284.13 to 643.99 kg ha−1 and 0.92 to 1.36 g, respectively. Further, the statistical analyses showed that the protein content of the cultivated chia varieties ranged from 22.14 to 27.78%, the mucilage content varied from 10.35 to 20.66%, and the crude oil content amounted up to 28.00 and 31.73%. Fatty acid profiles were similar to previously reported data with α-Linolenic acid being the most prominent one, ranging from 60.40 to 65.87%, and we obtained ω6:ω3 ratios between 0.2 and 0.3. In conclusion, chia could represent a promising raw material from a nutritional point of view, while being able to diversify the local food basis of southwestern Germany.

scholarly journals Diversity Assessment of Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Northern Ghana Using Morphological and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Ruth Prempeh ◽  
Issahaku Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In Ghana, sesame is cultivated in some districts of northern Ghana. Genotypes cultivated are land races that are low yielding leading to decline in production. There is the need for improvement of these land races to generate high yielding cultivars. Characterization of genetic diversity of the sesame land races will be of great value in assisting in parental lines selection for sesame breeding programmes in Ghana. Twenty-five sesame land races were collected from five districts in northern Ghana noted for sesame cultivation. Seeds collected were planted in three replicates in randomized complete block design and were evaluated for a number of morphological characters. Data collected were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram showing similarity between the accessions were drawn. Data on number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and plant height at flowering were subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat Discovery Edition 4. Molecular genetic diversity was assessed by using thirty eight SSR markers widely distributed across sesame genome to characterize the materials. Twenty-one out of the 38 primers were polymorphic. Cluster analyses using the Euclidean similarity test and a complete link clustering method were used to make a dendrogram out of the morphological data. Analysis of variance showed that capsule number was significantly different; a range of 54.9 and 146.7 was produced. The number of seeds per capsule varied significantly and the variation between highest and lowest accession in seed production was 33%. Plant height was also significantly different ranging from 60.6 to 94.1 cm. Using morphological traits the accessions clustered into two major groups and two minor groups and variation among accessions were 10-61%. On the other hand, SSR marker-based dendrogram revealed five major and two minor groups. It showed that variation among the accessions was low, 10-20%. Heterozygosity was 0.52, total alleles produced were 410, and average allele per locus was 19.52. Six accessions, C3, C4, S5, W1, W3, and W5 fell in five different clusters in the SSR dendrogram and in six clusters in the morphomolecular based dendrogram. These accessions were noted for high capsule number per plant and seeds number per capsule and are recommended for consideration as potential parental lines for breeding programme for high yield.

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