Isoenzymatic polymorphism in Citrus spp. and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (Rutaceae)

Isoenzymatic polymorphism analysis was used to determine genetic variability among species and hybrids of Citrus spp. and one accession of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Ten enzymatic systems aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), diaphorase (DIA), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD) and peroxidase (PRX) were analyzed. Twenty loci and 48 alleles were identified. Sweet orange cultivars (C. sinensis (L). Osbeck) showed the highest polymorphism with the largest number of heterozygous loci, although the alleles of those loci were the same in all cultivars, with the exception of Westin and Lima graúda. Mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) exhibited diverse patterns, whereas Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. showed high variability with all Citrus species and hybrids. Exclusive phenotypes were observed in some enzymatic systems, and similar patterns were found among interspecific hybrids and their putative parents.

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Linkage Analysis of Ten Isozyme Genes in F1 Segregating Almond Progenies

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.2.339 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Pere Arús ◽

Carmen Olarte ◽

Miguel Romero ◽

Francisco Vargas

Keyword(s):

Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽

Recombination Fraction ◽

Joint Estimation ◽

Linkage Data ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽

Prunus Amygdalus ◽

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽

Glucose Phosphate ◽

Enzyme Systems

Ten isozyme genes were studied after analyzing the variability of eight enzyme systems—glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), and aconitase (ACO)—in the progeny of five crosses among almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] cultivars. Six of these loci were found to be located in two linkage groups, one containing four loci (Pgm-2, Gpi-2, Aat-2, and Lap-1) and two more in the other (Idh-2 and Aat-1). Genetic configurations of pairs of loci specific to segregating F1 progeny of crosses between heterozygous parents were found in our data, for which we derived the estimate of the recombination fraction and its variance. Linkage data for the gene pairs that could be estimated in various crosses were used to obtain a joint estimation of the recombination fraction.

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Cytogenetic Map of Pummelo and Chromosome Evolution of True Citrus Species and the Hybrid Sweet Orange

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n14p148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvokleio da Costa Silva ◽

Sandra Mendes ◽

Thallitha Régis ◽

Orlando Sampaio Passos ◽

Walter dos Santos Soares Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Orange ◽

Artificial Chromosome ◽

Chromosomal Evolution ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Cytogenetic Map ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Citrus Maxima ◽

Shed Light

Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is considered as one of the true citrus species. Together with mandarin (C. reticulata), it gave rise to the hybrid sweet orange (C. sinensis) and other important citrus crops. Although these species have 2n = 18, each has a unique heterochromatin distribution. The aims of this study were to identify chromosome homoeologies between pummelo and other true citrus species, to investigate the karyotypic changes involved in the chromosomal evolution between true citrus and to shed light into the origin of sweet orange hybrid karyotype. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of pummelo and sweet orange were double stained with the fluorochromes CMA/DAPI (Chromomycin A3/4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and identified by FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) with chromosome-specific BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) markers. The results were compared to previously established cytogenetic maps of mandarin, C. medica and Poncirus trifoliata. Only chromosomes 1, 4 and 8 were maintained unaltered among species, with chromosomes 2 and 3 being among the least conserved in heterochromatin distribution. BACs were conserved in position among homoeologs and the markers mapped to chromosomes 2 and 3 indicated that sweet orange karyotype largely conserved one chromosome from pummelo and one from mandarin. Despite conserved synteny, expansion and contraction of heterochromatic blocks accounted for the differences between karyotypes, even between the hybrid sweet orange and pummelo.

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Genome of a citrus rootstock and global DNA demethylation caused by heterografting

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00505-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yue Huang ◽

Yuantao Xu ◽

Xiaolin Jiang ◽

Huiwen Yu ◽

Huihui Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Orange ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Epigenetic Modifications ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Dna Demethylation ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Citrus Rootstock ◽

Methylome Analysis

AbstractGrafting is an ancient technique used for plant propagation and improvement in horticultural crops for at least 1,500 years. Citrus plants, with a seed-to-seed cycle of 5–15 years, are among the fruit crops that were probably domesticated by grafting. Poncirus trifoliata, a widely used citrus rootstock, can promote early flowering, strengthen stress tolerance, and improve fruit quality via scion–rootstock interactions. Here, we report its genome assembly using PacBio sequencing. We obtained a final genome of 303 Mb with a contig N50 size of 1.17 Mb and annotated 25,680 protein-coding genes. DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses indicated that the strong adaptability of P. trifoliata is likely attributable to its special epigenetic modification and expression pattern of resistance-related genes. Heterografting by using sweet orange as scion and P. trifoliata as rootstock and autografting using sweet orange as both scion and rootstock were performed to investigate the genetic effects of the rootstock. Single-base methylome analysis indicated that P. trifoliata as a rootstock caused DNA demethylation and a reduction in 24-nt small RNAs (sRNAs) in scions compared to the level observed with autografting, implying the involvement of sRNA-mediated graft-transmissible epigenetic modifications in citrus grafting. Taken together, the assembled genome for the citrus rootstock and the analysis of graft-induced epigenetic modifications provide global insights into the genetic effects of rootstock–scion interactions and grafting biology.

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CRESCIMENTO E TROCAS GASOSAS DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CITROS EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO ALTERNATIVO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v1n1p166-180 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Luderlândio De Andrade Silva ◽

Rômulo Carantino Lucena Moreira ◽

Francisco Hevilásio Freire Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Block Design ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

E Mail ◽

Citrus Spp

CRESCIMENTO E TROCAS GASOSAS DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CITROS EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO ALTERNATIVO MARCOS ERIC BARBOSA BRITO1; FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ2; LUDERLANDIO DE ANDRADE SILVA3; ROMULO CARANTINO LUCENA MOREIRA4; FRANCISCO HEVILASIO FREIRE PEREIRA1 E WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO5 1 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor da Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB. E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Mestrando em Horticultura Tropical, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Mestrando em Sistemas Agroindustriais, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Pesquisador da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a morfofisiologia de genótipos de citros recomendados como porta-enxertos, em sistema hidropônico alternativo, a partir de vasos de Leonard a base de garrafa pets. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, sendo estudados treze genótipos de citros [1 – Hibrido Trifoliado (HTR)-127; 2– Tangerineira ‘Sunki Comum’ (TSKC) x Citrange Argentino (CTARG)-019, 3– TSKC; 4 – Limoeiro Rugoso da Flórida (LRF); 5 - limoeiro ‘Cravo’ (LCR) x Poncirus trifoliata (TR) - 001; 6 – TSKC x Citrumelo Swingle (CTSW)-028; 7 - TSKC x CTSW-033; 8 - TSKC x CTSW-041; 9 - TSKC x (LCR x TR)-040; 10–HTR-116; 11 - limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ (LCRSTC); 12 - limoeiro ‘Volkameriano’ (LVK) e 13 - HTR–069], em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e quatro plantas úteis por parcela. As plantas foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico alternativo, a partir de um sistema de vasos de Leonard confeccionados com garrafas de polyethylene terephthalate (PET) e distribuição gravitacional da solução de Hogland® em fluxo contínuo, sendo as garrafas preenchidas com substrato comercial a base de pó de coco e as plantas cultivadas até os 75 dias após semeadura, quando se avaliou aspectos de crescimento e as trocas gasosas das plantas. O sistema hidropônico alternativo com uso de vasos de Leonard pode ser usado para o desenvolvimento morfofisiológico de mudas cítricas; Os genótipos TSKC x CTARG– 019, LRF, TSKC x (LCR x TR) – 040, LCRSTC, LVK e HTR – 069 possuem maiores potenciais fisiológicos e de crescimento vegetativo, sendo indicados para obtenção de mudas mais precoces. Palavras-chave: Citrus spp.; mudas; hidroponia. BRITO, M.E.B.; SÁ, F.V.S.; SILVA, L.A.; MOREIRA, R.C.L.; PEREIRA, F.H.F.; SOARES FILHO, W.S.CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS FORMATION ON ALTERNATIVE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM USING LEONARD POTS 2 ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the morphological development from citrus genotypes with potential to rootstock, on alternative hydroponic system from Leonard pots made with pets pots. An experiment was realized in greenhouse. It were studied thirteen genotypes of citrus (1- HTR-127; 2- TSKC x CTARG-019; 3- TSKC; 4- LRF; 5- LCR x TR-001; 6 - TSKC x CTSW-028; 7- TSKC x CTSW–033; 8- TSKC x CTSW-041; 9- TSKC x (LCR x TR)- 040; 10- HTR-116; 11- LCRSTC; 12- LVK and 13- HTR-069), in a randomized block design, with four replications and four plants by parcel, crop on alternative hydroponically system using Leonard’s pots made with polyethylene terephthalate (PET), being the Hoagland’s solution distributed by gravitation in continuous rate, in west coconut, being plants cultivated for 75 days after sowing, when it was evaluated the growth and gas exchange aspects. The alternative hydroponic system with use of Leonard pots can be used for morphophysiological development of citrus seedlings; The genotypes TSKC x CTARG– 019, LRF, TSKC x (LCRxTR) – 040, LCRSTC, LVK e HTR – 069 have greater physiological and of vegetative growth potential, being suitable for obtaining early seedlings. Keywords: Citrus spp.; seeds propagation; hydroponics.

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EINFLUSS VON CYCLUS UND EXOGENER HORMONZUFUHR AUF STOFFWECHSELVORGÄNGE DES RATTENUTERUS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0560231 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 231-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Schmidt ◽

I. Noack ◽

H. Walther ◽

K. D. Voigt

Keyword(s):

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽

Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Exogenous Hormone ◽

Rat Uterus ◽

Normal Cycle ◽

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Hormone Administration ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The first significant increase of weight, RNA and protein was observed in the uterus of spayed rats twelve hours after the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of 1 μg oestradiol. There was no significant increase of DNA. At the same time the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase had increased significantly. Twentyfour hours after the injection the augmented values began to decline. Three injections of 1 μg oestradiol, given at 24 hour intervals obtained similar changes, the only difference being that these changes were more marked and that a DNA increase was also observed. The augmentation of protein, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase content of cells induced by repeated oestradiol injections was inhibited partly by 1 mg progesterone when administered together with the last dose of oestradiol. During the normal oestrus cycle of the rat uterus an increase of uterine weight, DNA and RNA content and also of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and 1,6-diphosphate aldolase activities was observed, whereas isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase did not change significantly. It would appear that the changes after exogenous hormone administration reflect those of the normal cycle as regards both their extent and timing. The importance of these findings in connection with hormone-induced pathways of uterine metabolism is discussed.

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Satsuma dwarf virus. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20066500918 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Citrus Unshiu ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Trifoliate Orange ◽

Satsuma Dwarf Virus ◽

Virus Distribution ◽

New Distribution ◽

Citrus Spp

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Satsuma dwarf virus Viruses: Comoviridae: Nepovirus (tentative species) Hosts: Citrus spp., satsuma (Citrus unshiu), kumquat (Fortunella) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, North Korea, Korea Republic, Turkey.

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Poliembrionia e freqüência de híbridos em Citrus spp.

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2000000400025 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 857-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO ◽

CÉLIO DOS SANTOS MOREIRA ◽

MARIO AUGUSTO PINTO DA CUNHA ◽

ALMIR PINTO DA CUNHA SOBRINHO ◽

ORLANDO SAMPAIO PASSOS

Keyword(s):

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Citrus Spp

Com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre o grau de poliembrionia e a freqüência de híbridos em citros, foram realizados cruzamentos controlados utilizando como parentais femininos as tangerinas 'Clementina' e 'Sunki' e os limões 'Cravo' e 'Volkameriano', que apresentam graus de poliembrionia nulo, baixo, baixo a moderado e moderado, respectivamente. Como parentais masculinos empregaram-se Poncirus trifoliata e híbridos desta, tendo em vista a característica morfológica dominante folhas trilobadas. Observaram-se nas tangerinas 'Clementina' e 'Sunki' e nos limões 'Cravo' e 'Volkameriano' as seguintes freqüências de híbridos: 57,4%, 53,6%, 18,6% e 14,2%, respectivamente. Foi verificada uma associação negativa entre o grau de poliembrionia e a freqüência de híbridos.

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Midseason oranges for juice production

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9931141 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RA Sarooshi ◽

RJ Hutton

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Juice Quality ◽

Rough Lemon ◽

Large Trees ◽

Production Areas ◽

Troyer Citrange

Juice quality, yield performance, and cropping efficiency of 6 midseason orange varieties (Hamlin, Parramatta, Pineapple, Joppa, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet), together with Seedless Valencia on 4 rootstocks [Troyer citrange, Poncirus trifoliata, rough lemon, and either Benton citrange (coastal) or sweet orange (inland)], were studied for their suitability for both processed and fresh orange juice production. Promising midseason varieties for processed orange juice were Parramatta and Hamlin on Troyer citrange, and Parramatta on P. trifoliata, when grown in coastal districts. Debittered juice of Joppa on Troyer citrange could also be used for processing by early September on the coast. Preferred inland varieties for production of processed orange juice were Mediterranean Sweet and Harnlin on Troyer citrange. Midseason oranges grown inland had higher citric acid levels than the same variety grown on the coast. This resulted in inland fruit having lower ratios of total soluble solids (TSS) to acid, and later maturities, than fruit grown on the coast. Acceptable fresh orange juice was produced from fruit of Parramatta, Hamlin, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet varieties grown on Troyer citrange rootstock in coastal districts; inland, fruit of Mediterranean Sweet, Joppa, Parramatta, and White Siletta varieties on Troyer citrange rootstock produced good quality, fresh orange juice. Hamlin can also be marketed as fresh fruit. In coastal production areas, harvesting can commence from mid July for Hamlin, from mid to late August for Parramata, and from early September for White Siletta and Mediterranean Sweet. Harvest in inland districts for processed juice should commence in mid July for Hamlin and in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, whilst harvest for fresh juice and/or fruit should proceed in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, and in late September for Parramatta, White Siletta, and Joppa. Highest fruit yields and large trees were produced by Parramatta and Joppa on Troyer citrange and rough lemon rootstocks. Most quality characteristics were better for fruit produced on Troyer citrange than on rough lemon. Both Benton citrange and sweet orange performed poorly and are not recommended as rootstocks for midseason oranges. All varieties on Troyer citrange had better yield and TSS/ha than those on P. trifoliata rootstock, which produced smaller but highly cropping efficient trees.

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Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24244550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 4550

Author(s):

Haipeng Zhang ◽

Huan Wen ◽

Jiajing Chen ◽

Zhaoxin Peng ◽

Meiyan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Principal Component ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Volatile Profiles ◽

Volatile Biomarkers

The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatile compounds, which bring about different notes to allow discrimination among different citrus species. However, the volatiles with various aromatic traits specific to different citrus species have not been identified. In this study, volatile profiles in the fruit peels of four citrus species collected from our previous studies were subjected to various analyses to mine volatile biomarkers. Principal component analysis results indicated that different citrus species could almost completely be separated. Thirty volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers in discriminating loose-skin mandarin, sweet orange, pomelo, and lemon, while 17 were identified as effective biomarkers in discriminating clementine mandarins from the other loose-skin mandarins and sweet oranges. Finally, 30 citrus germplasms were used to verify the classification based on β-elemene, valencene, nootkatone, and limettin as biomarkers. The accuracy values were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. This research may provide a novel and effective alternative approach to identifying citrus genetic resources.

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Isozyme characteristics of Caloscyphafulgens infested and pathogen-free spruce seed samples and use of alkaline phosphatase activity for qualitative and quantitative disease incidence assays

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x81-027 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

Jack R. Sutherland ◽

Ute Rink ◽

E. E. McMullan ◽

T. A. D. Woods

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽

Disease Free

Extracts of samples from Caloscyphafulgens infested and noninfested Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seed lots and diseased and healthy seeds were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels and stained for esterase (EC 3.1.1.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.1.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43) and alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). Several differences were detected between the isozyme patterns of disease-free and infested samples, but the main difference was the latter's high alkaline phosphatase activity. By using gel electrophoresis, (i) a qualitative analysis was developed, based on the presence or absence of alkaline phosphatase, to distinguish infested from disease-free seed lots, and (ii) the high alkaline phosphatase activity of infested samples was determined to be of pathogenic origin. By determining the alkaline phosphatase activity of samples with known numbers of diseased seeds, a prediction equation was derived relating enzyme activity and disease incidence. Correlation analyses showed significant (P = 0.01) correlations between disease incidence estimates obtained by this technique and plating of surface-sterilized seeds on water agar.

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