Changes in quality characteristics of Golden Delicious apples under different storage conditions and correlations between them

 In this four-year study, fruits of Golden Delicious cv. randomly sampled from four different orchards on M 9 were kept at 1 or 2<sup>o</sup>C in air storage, and in the course of storing individually assessed for weight, skin colour, skin blush, skin waxiness, flesh firmness, vitamin C content, total acid content, pH value, total sugars, dry matter and calcium content. Changes in some of these fruit quality characteristics during storage are presented and compared with their course during storage both in the cellar and ULO. The maximum storage life of the fruits in the air storage was estimated at 150 days on average. From individual fruit data, correlations between all the observed characteristics at different stages of the storage period were calculated. Fruit weight was positively correlated with dry matter, vitamin C, sugar and acid content, but negatively correlated with flesh firmness and calcium content. Fruits with more skin blush were correlated with higher vitamin C. Flesh firmness was mostly correlated with dry matter content, but negatively correlated with calcium content and pH values. Vitamin C content was positively correlated with total acids, but negatively correlated with pH values, sugar:acid ratio and calcium content. Total acids were negatively correlated with pH values and sugar:acid ratio. At the end of the storage period, the total acid content was also correlated with dry matter content. Total sugars were closely correlated with dry matter content and negatively correlated with calcium content.  Calcium content was very closely negatively correlated with dry matter content, and also negatively correlated with the sugar:acid ratio.      

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Tree growth and inner characteristics of fruits in pear cultivars

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/11/2/573 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. Iváncsics ◽

Z. Vadas ◽

G. Jekkel

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Similar Rate ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Growth Vigour ◽

Large Growth ◽

Weak Growth

Summary The aim of study was to investigate growth (crown growth and trunk diameter) and fruit characteristics [dry matter content (%), pectin (%), total acid (%) contents] of 10 pear cultivars ('Móri császár', 'Nyári Kálmán', 'Mogyoródi óriás', 'Fehérvári körte', 'Szegfa körte', 'Piroska', 'Mézes körte'). The crown development of the cv. 'Fehérvári körte' can be regarded as outstanding among the examined cultivars. The growth of the cv. 'Mogyoródi óriás' was low, this cultivar showed the poorest growth vigour. The width of the crown in several cultivars developed at a similar rate as the height of the crown. Outstanding values were shown by cvs. 'Fehervári körte' and 'Móri császár'. The development of trunk diameter was the highest for cvs. 'Piroska' and 'Hóka', and large growth of trunk diameter can be seen on cv. 'Fehervári körte'. Cvs. 'Mogyoródi óriás' and 'Mezes körte'showed weak growth. Outstanding dry matter content of fruits was measured on cvs. 'Fehervári körte' and 'Mézes körte'. The total acid content of fruits of cvs. 'Mézes körte' and 'Fehérvári körte'' was significantly different from the total acid content of cv. 'Mogyoródi óriás'. Pectin content was low in fruits of cvs. 'Mogyoródi óriás' and 'Fehérvári körte', while cv. 'Mézes körte' contained significantly more pectin. Vitamin C content we found was rather high in cvs. 'Mézes körte' and 'Fehérvári körte'.

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Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1304-sc ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Wu ◽

Yicheng Wang ◽

Jiaxiu Sun ◽

Yuling Liu ◽

SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

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The role of meteorological variables of blossoming and ripening within the tendency of qualitative indexes of sour cherry

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/16/1/854 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Lakatos ◽

T. Szabó ◽

Z. Sun ◽

M. Soltész ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Night And Day

We analyzed the relationship to sour cherry quality parameters of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimumtemperature, night and day-time temperature, precipitation and climatic water balance variables. Three cultivars of sour cherry were includedin the selection: “Debreceni bôtermô”, “Kántorjánosi”, and “Újfehértói fürtös”.We conducted regression analyzes on the three varieties, butpresent only those that proved to be the best fit.We couldn’t find any significant differences in the weather tolerance of the varieties. The database of sour cherry quality parameters covers the 1998 to 2008 intervals. The researched parameters were the following: dry matter content(%), sugar content (%), C-vitamin (mg), total acid content (%). Maximum temperature, the difference of night and day-time temperature andminimum temperature all have a significant correlation with the investigated quality parameters of sour cherry. Minimum temperature showsa quadratic relationship with sugar content, while night and day-time temperature differences show the same with dry matter content. Theother weather parameters had a linear correlation with the quality parameters of sour cherry. The research results show that an increasingamount of precipitation causes decreasing tendency in total acid content of sour cherry, so that increasing temperature has a positive influenceon total acid content. Big differences in night and day-time temperature also has positive effects on the dry matter and sugar content of sourcherry while the amount of precipitation has a negative effect. High minimum temperatures cause decreasing sugar content respiratory energylosses are significant if dawn temperatures do not drop considerably.A more favourable climatic water balance has a positive effect on vitaminC content in cases of a large negative water balance, vitamin C content is generally low.

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Folic acid content of beetroot leaf and root by different growing stages and genotypes

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/2/3688 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 115-119

Author(s):

Tímea Rubóczki ◽

Mária Takácsné Hájos

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Matter Content ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Randomized Field Experiment ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Young Leaves

An increasing interest has been observed of beetroot leaf as a salad component due to recent studies focusing on their nutritional value. The randomized field experiment was carried out on lowland chernozem soil with 6 varieties, 3 replications and 2 sowing dates. Sampling was performed on 23 of August 2018 at the stage of 30 and 50 days of vegetation, where leaf (30 and 50 days) and root (50 days) were collected. Total dry matter, folic acid and nitrate content were evaluated. The results of this investigation show that higher total dry matter content was measured in the root (8.47–10.30%) compared to the leaf in both developmental stages (6.47–9.20%). Nevertheless, higher folic acid content was found in the young leaves of 30 and 50 days of development (58.77–113.86 µg 100g-1). Among the examined varieties, Bonel has presented great amount of folic acid not only in the leaves (99.35–113.61 µg 100g-1), but also in the root (89.99 µg 100g-1). Finally, lower nitrate content was found in Libero (316.16 mg kg-1) at 30 days and in Akela (340.41 mg kg-1) at 50 days of development. Thereby, fresh consumption of beetroot leaves are highly recommended.

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The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: II. The effect of urea on silage fermentation and on the voluntary intake and performance of young cattle fed maize silage-based diets

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600052515 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 365-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. Thomas ◽

R. F. Wilson ◽

R. J. Wilkins ◽

J. M. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Butyl Rubber ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Total Acid ◽

Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYMaize was cut at 22·6, 27·0 and 41·6% dry matter and ensiled in 4 kg quantities in polythene bags without additive or after the addition of urea at 0·5, 1·0, 1·5 and 2·0% of the crop dry-matter content. Silos were opened at intervals up to 96 days. Maize of 23·4% dry-matter content was ensiled in 10 t butyl rubber silos without additive or after the addition of urea at 1·0% or fishmeal at 4·0% of the crop dry-matter content.Silages from the polythene bag silos were all well preserved. pH values increased and total acid content fell with increasing maturity of the crop. Addition of urea had little effect on these values. Only with the most mature crop did ammonia content increase markedly with increasing level of urea addition. All silages from the butyl rubber silos were well preserved with low pH values and similar total acid contents.Silages from the butyl rubber silos were used to measure voluntary, intake live-weight gain and efficiency of utilization of young beef cattle. The diets fed were silage without nitrogen supplement or supplemented with urea or fishmeal, added at ensiling, at feeding or included in a concentrate feed. One third of the total dry-matter intake of all cattle was provided by a pelleted concentrate feed consisting of equal quantities of dried grass and rolled barley.The increase in nitrogen content brought about by the addition of urea or fishmeal did not affect total dry-matter or organic-matter intake but was associated with 25% increase in nitrogen consumed. Live-weight gain on all treatments with added nitrogen was 20% higher than for the unsupplemented silage. This improvement in growth rate was accompanied by significant increases in efficiency of utilization of dietary dry matter and organic matter but efficiency of nitrogen utilization was reduced. The results indicate that neither the source nor site of addition of supplementary nitrogen significantly affect live-weight gain, dry-matter intake, organic-matter intake or utilization of dry matter or organic matter. They also demonstrate that urea can be used effectively to provide supplementary nitrogen to young cattle fed a maize silage-based ration.

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Effect of freezing period and defrosting methods on chemical composition and microbial count in beef cuts

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21649 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 202-206

Author(s):

RC Biswas ◽

S Akhter ◽

MM Hossain ◽

MS Rana ◽

M Habibullah

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Storage Time ◽

Storage Period ◽

Matter Content ◽

Microwave Oven ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Standard Plate Count

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of freezing and defrosting methods on the quality of beef. Two types of beef samples named as fresh and cured beef samples were taken. Both types were divided into three sub divisions namely air, water and microwave oven. These samples were stored at -20°C temperature in the freezer for 90 days and analyzed on 10th, 45th and 90th day. The dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash percentages and standard plate count (SPC) were differed significantly (p<0.01) among the air, water and microwave defrosted samples. Up to 90th days of freezing at -200C dry matter content increased with the increase of storage time almost in all samples except microwave fresh samples. The protein content decreased with the increase of storage time from 10 to 45 days but increased from 45 to 90 days. The ash content decreased with the increase of storage time in case of fresh frozen samples but increased with the increase of storage time in case of cured frozen samples except microwave oven cured sample. Ether extract value gradually increased with the increasing of storage period in case of air fresh, water fresh, air cured and water cured frozen samples but decreased with the increasing of storage period in case of microwave oven fresh and microwave oven cured samples. The SPC value increased with the increase of storage time in case of all samples and differed significantly (p<0.01) among the parameters. The cured microwave defrosted beef was proved as the best technique of defrosting frozen beef.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21649 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 202-206

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Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010001100006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 2349-2356 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽

Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽

Jean-Claude Emile ◽

Juliano Roman ◽

Michele Simili da Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ph Values ◽

Pisum Arvense ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Single Culture ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Silage Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack), triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense) and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa). The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM) followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM). Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.

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The effect of sunburn damage on the fruit quality parameters of apple (Malus domestica cv. Idared)

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/17/3271 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 55-64

Author(s):

Lejla Budai ◽

József Racskó ◽

Zoltán Szabó ◽

Miklós Soltész ◽

Ervin Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Epidermal Tissue

In the present study the authors investigated the effect of sunburn injury on fruit quality parameters (cover colour, depth of tissue damage, fruit flesh firmness, dry matter content) of apple.The symptoms of sunburn injury appeared as concentric rings, differing in colour from each other and the cover colour. This can be connected with the ratio of the injury. The authors observed the following colours on the fruit surface (from the epicentre of spots on the surface of the fruit) dark brown (strongly damaged), light brown (moderately damaged), pale red transition (weakly damaged), red surface cover colour (not damaged).Sunburn of apple fruits is a surface injury caused by solar radiation, heat and low relative humidity. In the initial phase, a light corky layer, golden or bronze discolouration and injuries of the epidermal tissue appear on the surface exposed to radiation. Thus, it detracts from the fruit’s appearance, but in most of the cases it would not cause serious damages in the epidermal tissue. The depth of tissue damage is not considerable, its values are between 1.5-2.0 mm in general. It is commonly known, that tissue structure of the apple fruit is not homogeneous. Accordingly, the degree of injury shows some differences under the different parts of the fruit surface.On the basis of the flesh firmness studies, it can be stated that the flesh firmness of the damaged parts increases due to the sunburn effect. This is due to the fact that the damaged plant cells die, the water content of the tissue decreases and it hardens. However, due to this reduction in the water content the dry matter content will increase.

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Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Non-Meat Ingredients Chicken Sausage

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

M. Pagthinathan ◽

A.P. A. S. Gunasekara

Keyword(s):

Soy Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Storage Period ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics

Non-meat ingredients are used to impart flavor, slow bacterial growth, and increase the yield of the sausage production. To study the quality of chicken sausage incorporated with non-meat ingredients namely, soy protein powder, non-fat milk powder and potato starch at the rate of 2% (w/w) concentration. Sausage samples were analyzed for physical, nutritional, and sensory properties during refrigerated storage at -4 ℃. The nutritional, physical and sensory characteristics were analyzed, at day 1, week 1, week 2 and week 3 of storage. Moisture, ash, dry matter, fat, pH, texture, and color were significantly difference (p<0.05) among the treatments at day one. During storage the ash, pH content and dry matter content were significantly (p<0.05) increased, and fat content and moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) decreased storage period. At week one, the higher hardness value showed in soy protein powder incorporated chicken sausage and least value showed in without added non-meat ingredient (control) sausage. As results of organoleptic characteristics revealed that, 2% of potato starch incorporated chicken sausage had the highest mean score of overall quality of all sensorial properties namely, color, taste, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability.

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The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/2354-swr ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 116-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Kouřimská ◽

L. Babička ◽

K. Václavíková ◽

D. Miholová ◽

Z. Pacáková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

C 50

The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of two kinds of tomatoes was assessed by means of pot trials. These trials were carried out between the years 2005 and 2008. Each trial involved four treatments, namely (a) control without fertilisation, (b) fertilisation with mineral fertilisers, (c) 50% nutrients in mineral fertilisers and 50% in fermented pig slurry, and (d) fertilisation with fermented pig slurry only. Besides the yield parameters, the following characteristics were monitored: dry matter content, vitamin C content, titratable acidity, nitrogen compounds, nitrates and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) contents. The fertilisation method showed no statistically significant influence on many parameters (titratable acidity, Hg, As, dry matter, vitamin C and nitrates contents). These results showed that anaerobically fermented pig slurry can be a suitable alternative to the use of mineral fertiliser. They also showed that its use as an organic fertiliser did not impair the hygienic quality and safety of the vegetable products grown, as all tomato samples fulfilled the tested heavy metals and nitrates legislation limits. The fertilisation method showed a statistically significant influence on the yield. Diffe-rences occurred between the organic and mineral methods in the case of Cd, and between non-fertilised and organic methods in the case of Zn. The fertilisation method also significantly influenced N-compounds content in tomatoes. A statistically significant influence of the year was found with all parameters except zinc and vitamin C contents. The influence of cultivar was also found, but only in the case of zinc and dry matter contents.

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