Histopathologic changes in the kidney tissue of Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836 (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) induced by sublethal concentration of Trichlorfon exposure

Studies were carried out to analyse the kidney histopathological alterations of "curimbatá", Prochilodus lineatus, were analyzed. An acute bioassay was made by the water contamination with 0.2muml/l of Dipterex 500 (Trichlorfon). The kidney tissue collected after 24 hours of exposure showed an enlargement of intercapsular space with glomerular atrophy, hypertrophy of the kidney tube cells, with small granules on its cytoplasm and little nuclear alteration. Blood overflowing from capillaries with pyknotic nuclei and vacuoles in the cytoplasm it was also noticed. After 48 hours, the kidney tissue showed glomerular expansion, impossibility to visualize the intercapsular space as well as cytoplasm limit of many cells. The parietal capsular epithelium and the basal membrane presented loss of cell content, the tubular cells appeared swollen vacuolated and with thin and thick cytoplasmatic granulations. Some of the cell nuclei kept relatively regular form with a condensed chromatin on its central region, while others showed themselves relatively small and pyknotics advancing to a cariolisis and necrosis focus.

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MO038SCARF EXPRESSION IN KIDNEY DISEASE

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab080.0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sol Carriazo ◽

Maria Dolores Sanchez-Nino ◽

Maria Vanessa Perez Gomez ◽

Laura Castañeda-Infante ◽

Catalina Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Single Cell ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Tubular Cells ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common risk factor for lethal COVID19 and the risk factor that most increases the risk of death of COVID19 patients. Additionally, acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in COVID19 and AKI increases the risk of death. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of such increased risk are unclear. SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs) are required for and/or regulate (in a positive or negative manner) coronary cell entry and/or viral replication. We have now studied changes in the expression of genes encoding for SCARF in the context of acute and chronic kidney disease. Method Data mining of in-house (experimental models of AKI -folic acid nephropathy- and CKD -Unilateral ureteral obstruction- in mice) and publicly available databases (Nephroseq, published single cell transcriptomics studies) of kidney tissue transcriptomics as well as the Protein Atlas database. Results Out of 28 SCARF genes identified by Singh et al (Cell Reports 2020), 26 were represented in the experimental AKI database. Of them 7 (27%) were differentially expressed during AKI (FDR <0.05), 4 of them upregulated and 3 downregulated (Figure 1.A). Additionally, 27 were represented in the experimental CKD database. Of them 17 (63%) were differentially expressed during experimental CKD, 6 of them upregulated and 11 downregulated (Figure 1.B). Two genes were consistently upregulated (Ctsl and Ifitm3) and two consistently downregulated (Tmprss2 and Top3b) in both experimental AKI and CKD (Figure 1.A and B). They encode cathepsin L, interferon induced transmembrane protein 3, transmembrane serine protease 2, DNA topoisomerase III beta, respectively. Single cell transcriptomics databases localized Ctsl expression mainly to podocytes and tubular cells while protein atlas showed clear tubular staining. The main site of Ifitm3 was endothelium in both datasets and it was also localized to leukocytes by single cell transcriptomics. Tmprss2 was mainly localized to tubular cells in both datasets while Top3b was widely expressed in parenchymal renal cells, endothelium and leucocytes in single cell transcriptomics. Increased kidney expression of Ifitm3 and decreased expression of Tmprss2 and Top3b were confirmed in diverse CKD datasets in Nephroseq. Conclusion Both AKI and CKD are associated with differential expression of SCARF genes in kidney tissue, the impact of CKD appearing to be larger. Characterization of these changes and their functional impact in kidney tissue and beyond the kidneys may provide clues to the increased risk of severe or lethal COVID19 in kidney disease patients. Kidney SCARF gene expression

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P0120FEATURES OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN KIDNEY TISSUE IN THE PATIENTS WHO HAVE PASSED AWAY AS A RESULT OF SEPSIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Mehman Agayev ◽

Shalala Ismayilova ◽

Arzu Ibishova

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Basal Layer ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Severe Renal Failure ◽

Distal Tubules

Abstract Background and Aims It is believed that septicemia and septicopyemia can lead to functional failure of many organs, including the kidneys. In this regard, it is important to study the morphological features of ultrastructural changes in kidney tissue. Method Structural changes in renal tissue of 30 patients who died as a result of sepsis were investigated by electron-microscopy. The burial was carried out at an early stage (1-6 hours after death). The sections obtained for ultrasonic examination were examined on “James 100 S ” electron microscope after contrasting with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution. Results An ultrastructural study of the cells of the cortical and medial layers of the kidneys revealed that there are changes in extracellular contacts and cell fragmentation as a result of lysis of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells. The integrity of the basal membrane of epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules are preserved. However, the basal layer did not have a homogeneous structure, intersected and transparent in certain areas. Numerous vacuoles, lipid supplements and fragments of lysed intracellular proteins in the cytoplasm have been identified in the cytoplasm of cells. Most of the nucleus was in the collapse phase. The lumen of tubules is narrow and most of the microvilli of the brush border are destructed. It was revealed that in sepsis renal failure and severe destructive changes and the formation of necrosis sites in the structural elements of the nephron as a result of bacterial toxins were mainly observed in areas where bacteria were localized. Conclusion Abnormalities of podocytes, of endothelial cells, disruption of the basal membrane layers as a result of abnormal damage of organelles especially mitochondria, changes of proximal and distal tubules may be caused by severe renal failure due to sepsis.

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Cancer Cell Nucleus Leads the Way

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54789/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Malte Renz

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cell ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Porous Membrane ◽

Invasion Assay ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Disease Prognosis ◽

Cell Metastasis ◽

Shape Changes ◽

The Way

Abstract ObjectiveCancer cell metastasis determines disease prognosis. During cancer cell metastasis, the cancer cell and the cancer cell nucleus have to undergo extreme shape changes. To monitor shape changes of cancer cells and cancer cell nuclei and the positioning of the cancer cell nucleus during cancer cell invasion, a customized invasion assay with 8-μm pores and reconstituted basal membrane was imaged using fluorescence live-cell microscopy.ResultsThe observed cells changed their shape from a distinct fibroblast-like spindle shape to an amoeboid shape without polarization immediately after the passage through an 8-μm pore of the invasion assay. During the process of invasion, the cancer cell centered the cancer cell nucleus over the 8-μm pore, and cancer cell nucleus and adjacent cytoplasmic areas moved first through such a pore. Seemingly testing if the largest and least deformable organelle may fit, the cancer cell nucleus led the way through the porous membrane of the invasion assay.

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In invasion assays, the breast cancer cell nucleus leads the way

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54789/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Malte Renz

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cell ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Porous Membrane ◽

Invasion Assay ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Cell Metastasis ◽

Live Cell Microscopy ◽

Shape Changes ◽

The Way

Abstract Objective Cancer cell metastasis determines disease prognosis. During cancer cell metastasis, the cancer cell and the cancer cell nucleus have to undergo extreme shape changes. To monitor shape changes of cancer cells and cancer cell nuclei and the positioning of the cancer cell nucleus during cancer cell invasion, a customized invasion assay with 8-mm pores and reconstituted basal membrane was imaged using fluorescence live-cell microscopy. Results The observed cells changed their shape from a distinct fibroblast-like spindle shape to an amoeboid shape without polarization immediately after the passage through an 8-mm pore of the invasion assay. During the process of invasion, the cancer cell centered the cancer cell nucleus over the 8-mm pore, and cancer cell nucleus and adjacent cytoplasmic areas moved first through such a pore. Seemingly testing if the largest and least deformable organelle may fit, the cancer cell nucleus led the way through the porous membrane of the invasion assay.

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Stanniocalcin-1 Co-Localizes with Insulin in the Pancreatic Islets

ISRN Endocrinology ◽

10.5402/2012/834359 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Deenaz Zaidi ◽

Jeffrey K. Turner ◽

Michelle A. Durst ◽

Graham F. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Islets ◽

Islet Cell ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Mitochondria Membrane Potential ◽

Kidney Mitochondria

The polypeptide hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is widely expressed in mammals and signals both locally and systemically. In many tissues STC-1 ligand is sequestered by target cell organelles (mitochondria, nuclei, and cholesterol lipid droplets) to exert diverse biological effects. Most notably, STC-1 serves as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in liver, muscle, and kidney mitochondria. The present paper describes the identification of STC-1 receptors in mouse pancreatic β cells and the discovery that the ligand co-localizes with insulin in pancreatic β cells. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis subsequently revealed that pancreatic β cells were the source of the ligand. Intriguingly however, all ISH signal was localized over putative islet cell nuclei as opposed to the cell cytoplasm. Real-time qPCR and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the STC-1 amplicon generated from islet cell total RNA was the same size as that from kidney. However, relative levels of STC-1 gene expression were >100-fold lower in islets than those in kidney tissue. Collectively, these findings are indicative of a local STC-1 signalling pathway in pancreatic β cells. The role of STC-1 in this context remains to be established, but it could very well entail the regulation of β cell mitochondria membrane potential which is an integral aspect of regulated insulin release. Interestingly, STC-1 immunoreactivity was not evident in embryonic pancreatic islets, suggesting that ligand synthesis may only commence postnatally.

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SUPPLEMENTATION OF CALCIUM AND SELENIUM AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN SELECTED TISSUES OF FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i1.30167 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 92-98

Author(s):

Obaiah Jamakala

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Body Burden ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Exposed Fish ◽

Water Fish

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals in aquatic environments and could threaten aquatic organisms including fish. The present study was carried out to know the protective effects of calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) in reducing the Cd bioaccumulation in selected tissues of fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Methods: The fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of Cd (1/10th of LC50/48h, i.e., 5 ppm) for 7, 15 and 30 d (d) period. 15d Cd-exposed fish were divided into three groups. The first group of fish were subjected to Ca (1 ppm) supplementation, second group received only Se (1 ppm) supplement and third group of fish were supplemented with the combination of both Ca and Se at the above said doses and observed for 7, 15 and 30d time periods. After specific time intervals, liver, kidney, gill and intestine tissues were isolated and used for Cd bioaccumulation studies. Results: Cd concentration levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the test tissues with increased period of exposure. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed fish kidney tissue (22.611±0.676 μg/gm wet wt. of the tissue). However, after supplementing with Ca and/or Se, there was a significant reversal in the levels of Cd concentration in all the test tissues. Maximum reduction was observed under Ca alone supplementation. Conclusion: The present study clearly reveals that individual supplementation of Ca tends to detoxify the Cd body burden in the test tissues than the other modes of supplementation.

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In invasion assays, the breast cancer cell nucleus leads the way

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-05314-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malte Renz

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cell ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Porous Membrane ◽

Invasion Assay ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Cell Metastasis ◽

Live Cell Microscopy ◽

Shape Changes ◽

The Way

Abstract Objective Cancer cell metastasis determines disease prognosis. During cancer cell metastasis, the cancer cell and the cancer cell nucleus have to undergo extreme shape changes. To monitor shape changes of cancer cells and cancer cell nuclei and the positioning of the cancer cell nucleus during cancer cell invasion, a customized invasion assay with 8-μm pores and reconstituted basal membrane was imaged using fluorescence live-cell microscopy. Results The observed cells changed their shape from a distinct fibroblast-like spindle shape to an amoeboid shape without polarization immediately after the passage through an 8-μm pore of the invasion assay. During the process of invasion, the cancer cell centered the cancer cell nucleus over the 8-μm pore, and cancer cell nucleus and adjacent cytoplasmic areas moved first through such a pore. Seemingly testing if the largest and least deformable organelle may fit, the cancer cell nucleus led the way through the porous membrane of the invasion assay.

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Ionic regulation and shell mineralization in the bivalve Anodonta cygnea (swan mussel) following heavy-metal exposure

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z11-129 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 267-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Manuel Lopes-Lima ◽

Susana Freitas ◽

Liliana Pereira ◽

Eugenia Gouveia ◽

Mariana Hinzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Shell Morphology ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Nacreous Layer ◽

Heavy Metal Exposure ◽

Anodonta Cygnea ◽

Accumulation Pattern

Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled faunistic groups in the world and environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which result in deregulation of calcium absorption and deposition in the laboratory, may be a contributing factor in their decline. To address potential effects of heavy-metal exposure on calcium transport and metabolism in freshwater bivalves, adult Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758) were exposed to a sublethal concentration (1.0 × 10−6 mol/L) of essential (Zn2+ and Cu2+) or nonessential (Pb2+ and Cr3+) metal for 30 days in the laboratory. Inorganic composition of extrapallial, haemolymph, heart, and pericardium fluids, and kidney tissue, as well as shell morphology by scanning electron microscopy, were compared in treated and untreated mussels. Calcium levels in fluids varied after exposure to any of the metals investigated, although the magnitude and threshold of effect were metal- and compartment-specific. Ca2+ levels increased robustly in all fluids following exposure to Zn2+, Cu2+, or Cr3+, whereas levels decreased significantly in heart fluid alone following Pb2+ exposure (p < 0.05). In constrast to exposure to the other metals, Cu2+ revealed an interesting reverse-accumulation pattern, decreasing in the fluids but not in the kidney, where it clearly accumulates for excretion. In addition, whereas essential Cu2+ and Zn2+ are closely regulated, the nonessential metals Pb2+ and Cr3+ increase to very high levels. Drastic alterations in shell morphology, specifically the structure of border and inner pallial regions of the nacreous layer, were observed after Cu2+ or Cr3+ exposure. Collectively, data suggest that prolonged exposure to a sublethal concentration of these heavy metals can adversely affect compartmental calcium availability and shell composition in A. cygnea.

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Tissue expression and plasma levels of adrenomedullin in renal cancer patients

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20060030 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jens Michelsen ◽

Helle Thiesson ◽

Steen Walter ◽

Peter D. Ottosen ◽

Ole Skøtt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clear Cell ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Tissue Expression ◽

Tumour Marker ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Von Hippel Lindau ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽

Tumour Suppressor Protein ◽

Peptide Expression

The peptide AM (adrenomedullin) is stimulated by hypoxia through HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1). The majority of human CC-RCCs (clear cell renal cell carcinomas) display mutations in the tumour suppressor protein von Hippel–Lindau, which leads to constitutively elevated HIF-1. We hypothesized that AM is increased in CC-RCC tumours and that AM is a plasma biomarker for CC-RCC. Tumours and non-malignant kidney tissue were obtained from patients that underwent unilateral nephrectomy. Blood samples were drawn at the day of surgery, 3–6 days after surgery and 4–5 weeks after surgery. AM mRNA and peptide expression in tissue and AM plasma concentration were determined. HIF-1α was localized in tissue by immunohistochemistry. AM mRNA was elevated in CC-RCC compared with adjacent renal cortex (6-fold, n=18; P<0.02). There was no difference in AM mRNA between cortex and non-CC-RCC tissue (n=7). AM peptide concentration was elevated in CC-RCC tissue compared with adjacent cortex (4-fold, n=6; P<0.02), whereas there was no difference between cortex and non-CC-RCC tissue (n=5). HIF-1α immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of cell nuclei in 76% of CC-RCC, consistent with constitutive stabilization. In non-CC-RCC, HIF-1α staining was focal. Before surgery there was no difference in plasma AM concentration between tumour types. Nephrectomy increased plasma AM significantly after 3–6 days and a similar pre-surgery level was observed after 4–5 weeks in both groups of tumour patients. We conclude that elevated tissue AM is a distinguishing feature of CC-RCC compared with other kidney tumours. Plasma AM is not suited as a tumour marker for this disease.

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Histopathology Interstitial Severity Index Associated with Glomerular and Tubular Severity Index in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients

Indonesian Journal of Kidney and Hypertension ◽

10.32867/inakidney.v2i3.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Severity Index ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Interstitial Tissue ◽

Glomerular Basal Membrane ◽

Glomerular Lesions ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin ◽

Endocapillary Hypercellularity

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria due to leakage of glomerular basal membrane, and subsequent process in tubular and interstitial tissue. It should be elucidated whether the severity of histopathological lesions in compartments of kidney tissue play a role and whether lesion in those compartments associated one to another. Aim: The study aims to correlate severity histopathologic lesions among compartments in kidney tissue. Method: All patients with nephrotic syndrome were biopsied and the cores were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS, Masson’s Trichrome to look at glomerular, tubular, interstitial and vascular involvements. Glomerular abnormalities including mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary hypercellularity, membranous; tubular, interstitial, and vascular severities were scored according to type, activity, severity and distribution in histopathologic features. Results: This study included 46 patients consisted of 16 (34.8%) males and 30 (65.2%) females, aged 26 ± 10 years, SBP 121.7 ± 13.10 and DBP 78.21 ± 7.80 mmHg, diagnosed with 14 lupus and 32 non-lupus nephrotic syndrome. Histopathologic abnormalities showed glomerular index was 4.26 ± 2.34, tubular index was 3.09 ± 1.90, interstitial index was 3.02 ± 1.48, vascular index was 0-3, pathologic index was 10.56 ± 4.54. There was significant correlation of severity index between interstitial and glomerular lesions (R=0.49, P=0.001), and between interstitial and tubular lesions (R=0.45, P=0.002). However, there were no significant correlations of severity index between interstitial and vascular lesions, and glomerular and tubular lesions. Conclusion: There are significant correlations of severity index between interstitial with glomerular and tubular lesions. It may implicate that histopathological process in interstitial tissue plays a central role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome.

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