scholarly journals P0120FEATURES OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN KIDNEY TISSUE IN THE PATIENTS WHO HAVE PASSED AWAY AS A RESULT OF SEPSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehman Agayev ◽  
Shalala Ismayilova ◽  
Arzu Ibishova
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Distal Tubules

Abstract Background and Aims It is believed that septicemia and septicopyemia can lead to functional failure of many organs, including the kidneys. In this regard, it is important to study the morphological features of ultrastructural changes in kidney tissue. Method Structural changes in renal tissue of 30 patients who died as a result of sepsis were investigated by electron-microscopy. The burial was carried out at an early stage (1-6 hours after death). The sections obtained for ultrasonic examination were examined on “James 100 S ” electron microscope after contrasting with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solution. Results An ultrastructural study of the cells of the cortical and medial layers of the kidneys revealed that there are changes in extracellular contacts and cell fragmentation as a result of lysis of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells. The integrity of the basal membrane of epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules are preserved. However, the basal layer did not have a homogeneous structure, intersected and transparent in certain areas. Numerous vacuoles, lipid supplements and fragments of lysed intracellular proteins in the cytoplasm have been identified in the cytoplasm of cells. Most of the nucleus was in the collapse phase. The lumen of tubules is narrow and most of the microvilli of the brush border are destructed. It was revealed that in sepsis renal failure and severe destructive changes and the formation of necrosis sites in the structural elements of the nephron as a result of bacterial toxins were mainly observed in areas where bacteria were localized. Conclusion Abnormalities of podocytes, of endothelial cells, disruption of the basal membrane layers as a result of abnormal damage of organelles especially mitochondria, changes of proximal and distal tubules may be caused by severe renal failure due to sepsis.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Furosemide and/or Tadalafil in Conventional and Nanoparticle Forms in Prevention of Chronic Renal Failure Induced in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Mahmoud Hamdy ◽  
Mahran S. Abdel. Rahman ◽  
Dalia M. Badary ◽  
Mahmoud Sabra
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Abstract Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss of renal function that lead to reduced sodium filtration and inappropriate suppression of tubular reabsorption that ultimately leads to volume expansion. To improve treatment outcomes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible renoprotective effect of tadalafil and furosemide, individually and in combination, in both conventional and nanoforms in adenine-induced CRF rat-model. Methods: Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 4 weeks gained general acceptance as a model to study kidney damage as this intervention mimicked most of the structural and functional changes seen in human chronic kidney disease Urine analysis, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in renal tissues were performed.Results: Our results showed that the combination of tadalafil and furosemide using conventional and nanoparticle formulations revealed a beneficial therapeutic effect in the treatment of CRF. This was demonstrated by improvement of urinary, serum and renal tissue markers as indicative of organ damage. This was also reflected on the reduction of tubular expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Immunohistochemical studies showed that significant increase in the number of apoptotic tubular cells indicated by increased expression of caspase-3 in CRF. These deteriorated renal cellular changes were improved by the treatment of rats with the investigated drugs. Results from ELISA showed that IL-1β was reduced by such treatment in kidney tissue. Conclusion: Tadalafil and furosemide improved the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry changes in adenine-induced CRF which strongly support the renopreventive effects of investigated drugs in particular the nanoparticle forms.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Renal Failure Associated with Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Dogs and Cats in 2004 and 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Brown ◽  
Kyu-Shik Jeong ◽  
Robert H. Poppenga ◽  
Birgit Puschner ◽  
Doris M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Histologic Change ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Distal Tubules

Sixteen animals affected in 2 outbreaks of pet food-associated renal failure (2 dogs in 2004; 10 cats and 4 dogs in 2007) were evaluated for histopathologic, toxicologic, and clinicopathologic changes. All 16 animals had clinical and laboratory evidence of uremia, including anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, polyuria, azotemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Where measured, serum hepatic enzyme concentrations were normal in animals from both outbreaks. All animals died or were euthanized because of severe uremia. Distal tubular lesions were present in all 16 animals, and unique polarizable crystals with striations were present in distal tubules or collecting ducts in all animals. The proximal tubules were largely unaffected. Crystals and histologic appearance were identical in both outbreaks. A chronic pattern of histologic change, characterized by interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, was observed in some affected animals. Melamine and cyanuric acid were present in renal tissue from both outbreaks. These results indicate that the pet food-associated renal failure outbreaks in 2004 and 2007 share identical clinical, histologic, and toxicologic findings, providing compelling evidence that they share the same causation.

scholarly journals Морфологічні зміни у нирках на першу добу в умовах політравми

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Р Підручна
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Scalp Wound ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Experimental Group

МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ У НИРКАХ НА ПЕРШУ ДОБУ В УМОВАХ ПОЛІТРАВМИ - При гістологічному дослідженні тканини нирки тварин першої дослідної групи на 1-шу добу експерименту ми спостерігали, що кірковий шар нирки був представлений клубочковим шаром. Клубочки були розширеними, повнонокровними, проте периваскулярний набряк спостерігався лише у тварин із тяжкою травмою у поєднанні з опіком та скальпованою раною. У травмованих тварин другої дослідної групи більшість вивідних канальців були розширеними, проте просвіти їх слабо візуалізувались. В петлях Ген- ле і прямих канальцях ми спостерігали виражений набряк епітелію, що різко звужувало їх просвіти. У тварин 3 дослідної групи в дистальних канальцях мали місце гідропічна білкова дистрофія, еозинофілія цитоплазми, а також слабкий зв’язок пошкодженого епітелію із базальною мембраною.<br />МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ПОЧКАХ В ПЕРВЫЕ СУТКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОЛИТРАВМЫ - При гистологическом исследовании ткани почки животных первой опытной группы на 1-е сутки эксперимента мы наблюдали, что корковый слой почки был представленным клубочковым слоем. Клубочки были расширенными, повнонокровнимы, однако пе- риваскулярный отек наблюдался лишь у животных с тяжелой травмой в сочетании с ожогом и скальпированной раной. В травмированных животных второй опытной группы подавляющее большинство выводных канальцев были расширены, однако просвещения их слабо визуализировались. В петлях Генле и прямых канальцах мы наблюдали выраженный отек эпителия, резко сужало их просвещения. У животных 3 исследовательской группы в дистальных канальцах имели место гидропическая белковая дистрофия, эозинофилия цитоплазмы, а также слабая связь поврежденного эпителия с базальной мембраной.<br />CONDITION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEYS ON THE 1ST DAY UNDER POLYTRAUMA-Histological examination of kidney tissue of first experimental group on the 1st day of the experiment, we observed that the cortical layer of the kidney glomerular layer was presented. Glomeruli were expanded, full- blooded but perivascular edema was observed only in animals with severe trauma combined with burn and wound scalp. On the other injured animals of the experimental group excretory tubules majority were expanded, but their lumen was weakly visualized. In the loop of henle and straight tubules we observed epithelial edema, which dramatically narrowed their lumen. In the experimental group 3 animals in the distal tubules occurred hidropichna dystrophy protein, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and little in the damaged epithelium with basal membrane<br />Ключові слова: тяжка травма, опік, скальпована рана, нирки.<br />Ключевые слова: тяжелая травма, ожог, скальпированная рана, почки.<br />Key words: severe trauma, burns scalp wound, kidneys.

scholarly journals Placental Cryoextract and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade Mitigate Renal Failure in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Mykola Repin ◽  
◽  
Yuliia Chyzh ◽  
Larysa Marchenko ◽  
Tetyana Govorukha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Comprehensive Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Impact

Here, we have studied the impact of administration of rat placental cryoextract (PCE), drug blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with enalapril and spironolactone and their combination on the rat kidney tissue structure and excretory function at different stages of chronic renal failure (CRF) development using the glycerol model. In 3 weeks after glycerol introduction, the animals from all the groups showed low values of glomerular filtration rate, impaired blood flow in renal cortex, tubular epithelial dystrophy, inflammation and edema of interstitium, indicating the onset of CRF development. Tubulo-interstitial nephritis and nephrosclerosis were dominated in untreated rats 16 weeks later. The use of RAAS drug blockade, as well as a comprehensive therapy with RAAS blockers and placental cryoextract stopped the inflammatory processes in renal tissue, restored blood circulation and normalized excretory function, which persisted for up to 16 weeks of observation.

Production and degradation of calcitriol in renal failure rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. F1015-F1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Hsu ◽  
S. Patel ◽  
E. W. Young ◽  
R. U. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Remnant Kidney ◽  
Group 1

We studied the metabolism of calcitriol in renal failure achieved by nephrectomy in three groups of rats. Group 1 (n = 7) had sham operation of nephrectomy. Group 2 (n = 8) had unilateral nephrectomy. Group 3 (n = 7) had 5/6 nephrectomy. Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of calcitriol were studied 3 wk after the surgery. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased after nephrectomy for groups 2 and 3. Endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol were not different between the rats with renal failure and the controls. MCR of calcitriol were decreased in renal failure rats compared with controls (group 1, 0.24 +/- 0.01; group 2, 0.20 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.01; group 3, 0.16 +/- 0.01 ml.min-1.kg-1, P less than 0.001). The MCR of calcitriol was correlated with the endogenous creatinine clearance by linear regression analysis (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). The PR of calcitriol were also decreased in renal failure; however, the decreases were much less than the amount of renal tissue removed. We concluded that production of calcitriol is decreased in the remnant kidney. The decreased synthesis is associated with decreased degradation of calcitriol resulting in normal concentrations of calcitriol in mild to moderately severe renal failure.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

Platelet Function and the Bleeding Time in Progressive Renal Failure

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 083-087 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Gordge ◽  
R W Faint ◽  
P B Rylance ◽  
G H Neild
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Thromboxane Production ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryBleeding time and platelet function tests were performed on 31 patients with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) due to non-immunological (urological) causes, and compared with 22 healthy controls. Patients were classified as mild (plasma creatinine <300 μmol/l), moderate (300-600 μmol/l) or severe renal failure (>600 μmol/l). Bleeding time was rarely prolonged in mild and moderate CRF and mean bleeding time significantly elevated only in severe CRF (p <0.005). Haematocrit was the only index which correlated with bleeding time (r = -0.40). Platelet counts, collagen stimulated thromboxane generation, and platelet aggregation responses to ADP, collagen and ristocetin were all either normal or increased in all three CRF groups, but thromboxane production in clotting blood was reduced. Plasma fibrinogen, C reactive protein and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were elevated in proportion to CRF. We found no evidence that defects in platelet aggregation or platelet interaction with vWF prolong the bleeding time in patients with progressive CRF.

scholarly journals Establishment of an in vitro model for analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure in PRKN-mutated patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Yokota ◽  
Soichiro Kakuta ◽  
Takahiro Shiga ◽  
Kei-ichi Ishikawa ◽  
Hideyuki Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Vitro Model

AbstractMitochondrial structural changes are associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. PRKN is known to be involved with various mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial structural changes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) with PRKN mutations is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been suggested to result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. However, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria specifically in dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSC have rarely been analyzed. The main reason for this would be that the dopaminergic neurons cannot be distinguished directly among a mixture of iPSC-derived differentiated cells under electron microscopy. To selectively label dopaminergic neurons and analyze mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level, we generated control and PRKN-mutated patient tyrosine hydroxylase reporter (TH-GFP) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Correlative light-electron microscopy analysis and live cell imaging of GFP-expressing dopaminergic neurons indicated that iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons had smaller and less functional mitochondria than those in non-dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the formation of spheroid-shaped mitochondria, which was induced in control dopaminergic neurons by a mitochondrial uncoupler, was inhibited in the PRKN-mutated dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that our established TH-GFP iPSC lines are useful for characterizing mitochondrial morphology, such as spheroid-shaped mitochondria, in dopaminergic neurons among a mixture of various cell types. Our in vitro model would provide insights into the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and the processes leading to the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients with PRKN mutations.

scholarly journals Neonatal Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the Eculizumab Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. e95-e98
Author(s):  
Sara Madureira Gomes ◽  
Rita Pissarra Teixeira ◽  
Gustavo Rocha ◽  
Paulo Soares ◽  
Hercilia Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

AbstractThe atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) in the newborn is a rare disease, with high morbidity. Eculizumab, considered a first-line drug in older children, is not approved in neonates and in children weighing less than 5 kg. We present a 5-day-old female newborn, born at 36 weeks' twin gestation, by emergency cesarean section due to cord prolapse, with birth weight of 2,035 g and Apgar score of 7/7/7, who develops microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and progressive acute renal failure. In day 5, after diagnosis of aHUS, a daily infusion of fresh frozen plasma begins, with improvement of thrombocytopenia and very slight improvement in renal function. The etiologic study (congenital infection, Shiga toxin, ADAMTS13 activity, directed metabolic study) was normal. C3c was slightly decreased. On day 16 for maintenance of anemia and severe renal failure, she started 300 mg/dose eculizumab. Anemia resolves in 10 weeks and creatinine has normal values after 13 weeks of treatment. The genetic study was normal. In this case, eculizumab is effective in controlling microangiopathy and in the recovery of renal function. Diagnosis of neonatal aHUS can be challenging because of phenotypic heterogeneity and potential overlap with other manifestations that may confound it, such as perinatal asphyxia or sepsis/disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Acrolein produced from polyamines as one of the uraemic toxins

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sakata ◽  
K. Kashiwagi ◽  
S. Sharmin ◽  
S. Ueda ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Amine Oxidase Activity

It is well known that the addition of spermine or spermidine to culture medium containing ruminant serum inhibits cellular proliferation. This effect is caused by the products of oxidation of polyamines that are generated by serum amine oxidase. Among the products, we found that acrolein is a major toxic compound produced from spermine and spermidine by amine oxidase. We then analysed the level of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and amine oxidase activity in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. It was found that the levels of putrescine and the amine oxidase activity were increased, whereas spermidine and spermine were decreased in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. The levels of free and protein-conjugated acrolein were also increased in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. An increase in putrescine, amine oxidase and acrolein in plasma was observed in all cases such as diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrosclerosis. These results suggest that acrolein is produced during the early stage of nephritis through kidney damage and also during uraemia through accumulation of polyamines in blood due to the decrease in their excretion into urine.

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