scholarly journals Physical attributes of kaolinitic and oxidic oxisols resulting from different usage systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Medium Texture

The objective of this study was to assess the physical attributes of a kaolinitic oxisol, medium texture (Haplustox) and an oxidic oxisol, clayey (Eutrustox) under different usage systems, localized in the region of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The usage systems were sugarcane, cotton and forest. Parameters such as soil bulk density, total porosity, macro and microporosity at the depths of 0.0-0.1; 0.1-0.2; 0.2-0.3, and 0.3-0.4 m were evaluated. Haplustox showed greater bulk density and smaller total porosity, macro and microporosity. The usage increased the bulk density in 0.0-0.3 m depth, with greater effects on the kaolinitic oxisol, mainly in 0.1-0.2 m depth in the areas cultivated with sugarcane.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPACTAÇÃO E DO CULTIVO DE SOJA NOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Physical Attributes

INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPACTAÇÃO E DO CULTIVO DE SOJA NOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO   Amauri Nelson BeutlerJosé Frederico CenturionCassiano Garcia RoqueZigomar Menezes de SouzaDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP. CEP 14870-000. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO              Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência da compactação e do cultivo de soja nos atributos físicos e na condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho de textura média. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal (SP). Os tratamentos foram: 0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 passadas de um trator, uma ao lado da outra perfazendo toda a superfície do solo, com quatro repetições. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado para a condutividade hidráulica e, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 para os atributos físicos. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas faixas de profundidades de 0,02-0,05; 0,07-0,10 e 0,15-0,18 m, por ocasião da semeadura e após a colheita para determinação da densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade do solo. A condutividade hidráulica do solo foi determinada após a colheita. O tempo entre a semeadura e a colheita de soja foi suficiente para aumentar a compactação do solo apenas na condição de solo solto. A compactação do solo reduziu a condutividade hidráulica em relação a condição natural (mata) e a condição de solo solto, sendo que esta não foi reduzida, após a primeira passagem, com o aumento no número de passagens.  UNITERMOS: Densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, infiltração de água, soja.  BEUTLER, A. N.; CENTURION, J. F.; ROQUE, C. G.; SOUZA, Z. M. COMPACTION AND SOYBEAN GROW INFLUENCE ON PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND  HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IN RED LATOSSOL SOIL   2 ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of compaction and soybean grow on physical attributes and hydraulic conductivity of a Red Latossol, medium texture soil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm at the Paulista State University  – Agricultural Science College, Jaboticabal – São Paulo state. The treatments were 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 side-by-side tractor strides on the soil surface with four replications. The experimental design was completely randomized for hydraulic conductivity and a 5 x 2 factorial design for soil physical attributes. Soil samples have been collected at 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depth at sowing season and after harvest in order to determine soil bulk density, total porosity, macro and micro porosity. Soil hydraulic conductivity was determined after harvest. The time period between the soybean sowing and harvesting was enough to increase soil compaction only in loose soil condition. Soil compaction reduced hydraulic conductivity compared to the natural (forest) and loose soil condition  KEYWORDS: Bulk density, soil porosity, water infiltration, soybean.

scholarly journals Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iroegbu, Chidinma S ◽  
Asawalam, Damian O ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
J. E. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam. Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons. Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level. Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of physical attributes of an alfisol under different hillslope curvatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Arantes Camargo ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The influence of relief forms has been studied by several authors and explains the variability in the soil attributes of a landscape. Soil physical attributes depend on relief forms, and their assessment is important in mechanized agricultural systems, such as of sugarcane. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability in the physical soil attributes and their relationship to the hillslope curvatures in an Alfisol developed from sandstone and growing sugarcane. Grids of 100 x 100 m were delimited in a convex and a concave area. The grids had a regular spacing of 10 x 10 m, and the crossing points of this spacing determined a total of 121 georeferenced sampling points. Samples were collected to determine the physical attributes related to soil aggregates, porosity, bulk density, resistance to penetration and moisture within the 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m depth. Statistical analyses, geostatistics and Student's t-tests were performed with the means of the areas. All attributes, except aggregates > 2 mm in the 0-0.2 m depth and macroporosity at both depths, showed significant differences between the hillslope curvatures. The convex area showed the highest values of the mean weighted diameter, mean geometric diameter, aggregates > 2 mm, 1-2 mm aggregates, total porosity and moisture and lower values of bulk density and resistance to penetration in both depth compared to the concave area. The number of soil attributes with greater spatial variability was higher in the concave area.

scholarly journals Water retention and s index of an oxisol subjected to weed control methods in a coffee crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Henrique da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Mozart Martins Ferreira ◽  
Elifas Nunes de Alcântara ◽  
Bruno Montoani Silva ◽  
Raphael Comanducci Silva
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Physical Quality

Weed control in different crops affects the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil and consequently its structural quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using water retention characteristics and the S index, the physical quality of an Oxisol (Red-Yellow Latosol), subjected to weed control during the cultivation of coffee. The following weed control methods were evaluated: harrowing, brushcutting, residue crushing, manual weeding, post-emergence herbicide application, pre-emergence herbicide application, and maintenance of soil cover with peanut forage, Brachiaria grass, and spontaneous vegetation (no weed treatment). The following properties were determined for physical characterization of the soil: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, water retention, and the S index. The weed control method significantly affected the physical properties and water retention in the subsurface layer of the Oxisol. Soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity were significantly correlated with the S index. According to the S index, the physical quality of the soil was classified as very good for the various weed control methods investigated.

scholarly journals Physical properties of a rhodic haplustox under two sugarcane harvesting systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walquíria Machado ◽  
Tiago Santos Telles ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Grace Bungenstab Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Harvesting Systems

This study had the purpose of evaluating the effects of two management types of sugarcane: harvesting of burnt cane (BCH) and mechanized harvesting of unburnt green cane (MCH), on some soil physical properties of a dystrophic Rhodic Haplustox. The data were then compared with results for the same soil type under native forest. A completely randomized design was used, with three treatments and 20 replications. The following characteristics were determined: organic matter, aggregate stability, soil bulk density, and porosity at depths of 0-0.20 m and soil penetration resistance. After 15 years of cultivation, there were some alterations in the soil under cane burnt before harvesting, evidenced by a drop in the weighted average diameter of stable aggregates in water and increased soil bulk density. Significant changes were also detected in total porosity and pore distribution under both harvesting systems. Critical values for penetration resistance were observed in the area under mechanized sugar cane harvesting, with a value of 4.5 MPa in the 40-55 cm layer. This value is considered high and could indicate compaction and restriction of root growth. Soil properties under the green cane (unburned) management system were closest to those of the soil under native forest.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of physical attributes of an Ultisol under papaya crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-536
Author(s):  
Juliao Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Walas Permanhane Sturião ◽  
Ivoney Gontijo ◽  
Samuel Assis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Spherical Models ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The successful development of the root system of plants depends on the favorable conditions of soil physical attributes. The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of physical attributes in an Ultisol cultivated with papaya. The soil was prepared mechanically plowing, harrowing, sulcal and subsoiler. In the center of the crop field was built a sampling grid with points spaced 5.7 m, totalizando129 georeferenced points. The soil samples at two depths (0 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.40 m) were collected for four months after transplantation, to determine the total porosity (TP), soil moisture (Um), soil bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance in the planting row (PRPR) and in the traffic machines rows (PRRow). The soil penetration resistance in the planting row and in the traffic machines row was determined. The BD1 and BD2 showed the lowest CV values, and the data were fitted to the exponential and spherical models, respectively, with spatial dependence ranges of 20 and 28 m. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the attributes showed the same spatial distribution pattern. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the soil penetration resistance showed 7.5 times greater in the traffic machines region (rw spacing) than the value found in the planting row.

scholarly journals Leaf functional traits differentiation in relation to covering materials of urban tree pits

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyou Zhu ◽  
Yujuan Cao ◽  
Weijun He ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Chengyang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Capillary Porosity ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content ◽  
Content Index

Abstract Background Understanding the ecological strategies of urban trees to the urban environment is crucial to the selection and management of urban trees. However, it is still unclear whether urban tree pit cover will affect plant functional traits. Here, we study the response of urban trees to different tree pit covers, analyzed the effects of different cover types on soil properties and their trade-off strategies based on leaf functional traits. Results We found that there were obvious differences in the physical properties of the soil in different tree pit covers. Under the different tree pit cover types, soil bulk density and soil porosity reached the maximum under cement cover and turf cover, respectively. We found that tree pit cover significantly affected the leaf properties of urban trees. Leaf thickness, chlorophyll content index and stomatal density were mainly affected by soil bulk density and non-capillary porosity in a positive direction, and were affected by soil total porosity and capillary porosity in a negative direction. Leaf dry matter content and stomata area were mainly negatively affected by soil bulk density and non-capillary porosity, and positively affected by soil total porosity and capillary porosity. Covering materials of tree pits promoted the functional adjustment of plants and form the best combination of functions. Conclusion Under the influence of tree pit cover, plant have low specific leaf area, stomata density, high leaf thickness, chlorophyll content index, leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density and stomata area, which belong to “quick investment-return” type in the leaf economics spectrum.

scholarly journals Physical quality of a yellow latossol under integrated crop-livestock system

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Silva Araújo ◽  
Adeodato Ari Cavalcante Salviano ◽  
Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Allan Charlles Mendes de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Livestock System

Soil physical quality is essential to global sustainability of agroecosystems, once it is related to processes that are essential to agricultural crop development. This study aimed to evaluate physical attributes of a Yellow Latossol under different management systems in the savanna area in the state of Piaui. This study was developed in Uruçuí southwest of the state of Piauí. Three systems of soil management were studied: an area under conventional tillage (CT) with disk plowi and heavy harrow and soybean crop; an area under no-tillage with soybean-maize rotation and millet as cover crop (NT + M); two areas under Integrated Crop-Livestock System, with five-month pasture grazing and soybean cultivation and then continuous pasture grazing (ICL + S and ICL + P, respectively). Also, an area under Native Forest (NF) was studied. The soil depths studied were 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Soil bulk density, as well as porosity and stability of soil aggregates were analyzed as physical attributes. Anthropic action has changed the soil physical attributes, in depth, in most systems studied, in comparison to NF. In the 0.00 to 0.05 m depth, ICL + P showed higher soil bulk density value. As to macroporosity, there was no difference between the management systems studied and NF. The management systems studied changed the soil structure, having, as a result, a small proportion of soil in great aggregate classes (MWD). Converting native forest into agricultural production systems changes the soil physical quality. The Integrated Crop-Livestock System did not promote the improvement in soil physical quality.

scholarly journals Impacts of Logging-Associated Compaction on Forest Soils: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Nazari ◽  
Mohammad Eteghadipour ◽  
Mohsen Zarebanadkouki ◽  
Mohammad Ghorbani ◽  
Michaela A. Dippold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
The Impact

Soil compaction associated with mechanized wood harvesting can long-lastingly disturb forest soils, ecosystem function, and productivity. Sustainable forest management requires precise and deep knowledge of logging operation impacts on forest soils, which can be attained by meta-analysis studies covering representative forest datasets. We performed a meta-analysis on the impact of logging-associated compaction on forest soils microbial biomass carbon (MBC), bulk density, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) affected by two management factors (machine weight and passage frequency), two soil factors (texture and depth), and the time passed since the compaction event. Compaction significantly decreased soil MBC by −29.5% only in subsoils (&gt;30 cm). Overall, compaction increased soil bulk density by 8.9% and reduced total porosity and Ksat by −10.1 and −40.2%, respectively. The most striking finding of this meta-analysis is that the greatest disturbance to soil bulk density, total porosity, and Ksat occurs after very frequent (&gt;20) machine passages. This contradicts the existing claims that most damage to forest soils happens after a few machine passages. Furthermore, the analyzed physical variables did not recover to the normal level within a period of 3–6 years. Thus, altering these physical properties can disturb forest ecosystem function and productivity, because they play important roles in water and air supply as well as in biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. To minimize the impact, we recommend the selection of suitable logging machines and decreasing the frequency of machine passages as well as logging out of rainy seasons especially in clayey soils. It is also very important to minimize total skid trail coverage for sustainable forest management.

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