scholarly journals Thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea (Lep.: Geometridae), in eggs of two alternative hosts

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar Souza Andrade ◽  
Tobias Baruc Moreira Pinon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

This research studied the thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of Nipteria panacea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), with eggs of the alternative hosts Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use these natural enemies in biological control programs of this pest in avocado orchards. T. pretiosum needed 151.83 and 160.04 degree-days, above threshold of 10.70 and 10.75°C, while these values were 158.50 and 155.46 degree-days, above threshold of 10.67 and 10.46°C for T. acacioi when exposed to eggs of A. kuehniella and S. cerealella, respectively.

scholarly journals Parasitism Capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar Souza Andrade ◽  
Fernando Domingo Zinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Total Parasitism

The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and T. acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of the alternative host Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use both species in biological control programs of Nipteria panacea Tierry-Mieg (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The parasitism rhythm and total parasitism of these parasitoid species were affected by the temperature with higher values during the first 24 h of their life. Parasitism period was longer for T. pretiosum and T. acacioi at the lowest temperature.

scholarly journals Temperature effects on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlei Maceda ◽  
Celso L Hohmann ◽  
Honório R. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Entire Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The influence of temperature on lifetime attributes of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30º C), RH 70 ± 10%, photophase 14 h. Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were used as hosts. Developmental times of both parasitoid species were similar when exposed to 20, 25, or 30º C. T. annulata, however, developed slightly faster than T. pretiosum at 15º C. Emergence rates of both species were above 89%. The temperature threshold for T. pretiosum and T. annulata was 11º C and the number of degree-days required for their development was 126.9 and 122.3, respectively. Parasitization was maximal at 25º C. T. annulata, however, parasitized significantly more hosts than T. pretiosum in the entire temperature range. Temperature had no effect in brood size.T. annulata progeny consisted predominantly of males, except at 15º C, whereas in T.pretiosumitconsisted predominantly of females, except at 30º C. Parental females lived longer than males.

scholarly journals Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella at different temperatures

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar de Souza Andrade ◽  
Edylene Marota Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The State ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Espirito Santo

Species of the Trichogramma genus are among the most important ones for biological control. The objective of this research was to evaluate parasitism potential of two species of Trichogramma on eggs of Anagasta kuheniella through life fertility table, at temperatures between 15ºC and 35ºC. These species were collected in the State of Espírito Santo parasitising eggs of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea. Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi showed adequate reproductive potential between 15ºC and 35ºC which indicates possibilities of using them in biological control programs in avocado plantations.

scholarly journals Biological characteristics of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea (Lep.: Geometridae), on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar Souza Andrade ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marozzi Zanotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The objective of this investigation was to study Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoids of the avocado defoliator Nipteria panacea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on the eggs of the alternative host Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) aiming to use them for biological control of this pest in avocado orchards. The cubic model presented better adjustment for duration of the life cycle of T. pretiosum and T. acacioi with the host A. kuehniella which shows that development rate of these species increases with temperature within the range tested. The number of individuals of both Trichogramma species emerged per egg from this host was higher than one. The quadratic model was significant for viability of T. pretiosum and T. acacioi. This parameter was more affected by extreme temperatures and higher emergence rates of adults of both parasitoids species occurred at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C.

Biological control of Drosophila suzukii.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (054) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-eng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in non-crop habitats could be the cornerstone for sustainable management at the landscape level. Toward this goal, researchers have developed or investigated biological control tactics. We review over 100 studies, conducted in the Americas, Asia and Europe on natural enemies of D. suzukii. Two previous reviews provided an overview of potential natural enemies and detailed accounts on foreign explorations. Here, we provide an up-to-date list of known or evaluated parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses) and summarize research progress to date. We emphasize a systematic approach toward the development of biological control strategies that can stand alone or be combined with more conventional control tools. Finally, we propose a framework for the integrated use of biological control tools, from classical biological control with host-specific Asian parasitoids, to augmentative and conservation biological control with indigenous natural enemies, to the use of entomopathogens. This review provides a roadmap to foster the use of biological control tools in more sustainable D. suzukii control programs.

scholarly journals Ichneumonids (Hymenoptera) and Tachinid Flies (Diptera) Associated to Leptidopterans in Soybean Crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Massarolli ◽  
Ana Regina Lucena Hoffmann ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Alessandra Regina Butnariu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

Studies on natural enemies are important to find new species and to develop management strategies to preserve them to help control pests in biological control programs. For the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, which comprises the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal biomes, few studies have been conducted on the diversity of these parasitoids, possible endemic and/or new species, as well as their potential as natural enemies. Thus, the present study was aimed at describing the diversity of parasitoids of the families Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) and Tachinidae (Diptera) associated with pest lepidopterans in soybean crops. Weekly sampling of pest lepidopterans was carried out during four soybean seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013). Parasitoid larvae were observed in the main lepidopteran pest species of soybean during the four soybean seasons. Three genera of the Ichneumonidae family, belonging to the genera Microcharops Roman, Ophionellus Westwood, and Podogaster Brullé. Six genera of the Tachinidae family occur in the state of Mato Grosso in soybean fields. The following genera were recorded: Archytas spp. Jaennicke, Phorocera spp. Robineau-Desvoidy, Gymnocarcelia spp. Townsend, Lespesia spp. Robineau-Desvoidy, Eucelatoria spp. Townsend, Chetogena spp. Rondani. These parasitoids were found parasitizing caterpillars of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), in species that had not yet been reported as hosts for the Neotropical region. Further studies are needed on the beneficial entomofauna and their preservation in agricultural environments.

scholarly journals Natural enemies of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) in Chile: molecular and morphological identification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Amouroux ◽  
D. Crochard ◽  
M.C.G. Correa ◽  
G. Groussier ◽  
P. Kreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
First Time

AbstractScale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are key pests of agricultural crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Their populations are difficult to control, even with insecticides, due to their cryptic habits. Moreover, there is growing concern over the use of synthetic pesticides for their control, due to deleterious environmental effects and the emergence of resistant populations of target pests. In this context, biological control may be an effective and sustainable approach. Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea includes natural enemies of scale insects that have been successfully used in many biological control programs. However, the correct identification of pest scale species and their natural enemies is particularly challenging because these insects are very small and highly specialized. Integrative taxonomy, coupling DNA barcoding and morphological analysis, has been successfully used to characterize pests and natural enemy species. In this study, we performed a survey of parasitoids and predators of armored and soft scales in Chile, based on 28S and COI barcodes. Fifty-three populations of Diaspididae and 79 populations of Coccidae were sampled over the entire length of the country, from Arica (18°S) to Frutillar (41°S), between January 2015 and February 2016. The phylogenetic relationships obtained by Bayesian inference from multilocus haplotypes revealed 40 putative species of Chalcidoidea, five Coccinellidae and three Neuroptera. In Chalcidoidea, 22 species were identified morphologically, resulting in new COI barcodes for 12 species and new 28S barcodes for 14 species. Two predator species (Rhyzobius lophantae and Coccidophilus transandinus) were identified morphologically, and two parasitoid species, Chartocerus niger and Signiphora bifasciata, were recorded for the first time in Chile.

scholarly journals Reproductive potential of Chrysoperla externa maintained in different cage sizes in laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Magalhães Borges Battel ◽  
◽  
Rafael de Andrade Moral ◽  
Camila Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Márcio da Silva Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the influence of cage sizes on the survival and reproductive potential of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). Size of breeding cages significantly affected the reproductive potential of C. externa . Our results indicated that in cages smaller (7.5cm of diameter) than those usually recommended for the rearing of this insect (10cm diameter), females showed higher rates of oviposition. Reduction of space for rearing natural enemies in the laboratory is very important for developing biological control programs.

scholarly journals Egg Parasitoids Survey of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize and Sorghum in Central Mexico

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannet Jaraleño-Teniente ◽  
J. Refugio Lomeli-Flores ◽  
Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva ◽  
Rafael Bujanos-Muñiz ◽  
Susana E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Chelonus Insularis

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is the main maize pest in America and was recently detected as an invasive pest in some countries in Asia and Africa. Among its natural enemies presented in Mexico, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is the only egg parasitoid used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs regardless of its effectiveness. A search for natural enemies of S. frugiperda was then carried out to determine whether this parasitoid has been established, and to detect native egg parasitoids or predators associated with this pest. The sentinel technique (egg masses) was used, and then placed in maize and sorghum fields in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman and Platner, an egg parasitoid, and Chelonus insularis Cresson egg-larva parasitoid were recovered from field surveys. Among the natural enemies that preyed on eggs of S. frugiperda, we found mites of the genus Balaustium, and Dermaptera of the genus Doru, both species in great abundance. Laboratory tests were performed to compare the potential parasitism of T. atopovirilia against T. pretiosum. T. atopovirilia obtained 70.14% parasitism while T. pretiosum, 29.23%. In field cages, three doses of the parasitoids were tested. Total parasitism did not exceed 8% in any of the two species, but T. atopovirilia parasitized a greater number of hosts using two and three parasitoids per pest egg. Then, the use of Trichogramma species needs to be reevaluated in biological control programs against S. frugiperda.

Predicting the Outcome of Biological Control

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Native Habitat

The movement of humans around the earth has been associated with an amazing redistribution of a variety of organisms to new continents and exotic islands. The natural biodiversity of native communities is threatened by new invasive species, and many of the most serious insect and weed pests are exotics. Classical biological control is one approach to dealing with nonindigenous species. If introduced species that lack natural enemies are competitively superior in exotic habitats, introducing some of their predators (herbivores), diseases, or parasitoids may reduce their population densities. Thus, the introduction of more exotic species may be necessary to reduce the competitive superiority of nonindigenous pests. The intentional introduction of insects as biological control agents provides an experimental arena in which adaptations and interactions among species may be tested. We can use biological control programs to explore such evolutionary questions as: What characteristics make a natural enemy a successful biological control agent? Does coevolution of herbivores and hosts or predators (parasitoids) and prey result in few species of natural enemies having the potential to be successful biological control agents? Do introduced natural enemies make unexpected host range shifts in new environments? Do exotic species lose their defense against specialized natural enemies after living for many generations without them? If coevolution is a common force in nature, we expect biological control interactions to demonstrate a dynamic interplay between hosts and their natural enemies. In this chapter, I consider biological control introductions to be experiments that might yield evidence on how adaptation molds the interactions between species and their natural enemies. I argue that the best biological control agents will be those to which the target hosts have not evolved resistance. Classical biological control is the movement of natural enemies from a native habitat to an exotic habitat where their host has become a pest. This approach to exotic pests has been practiced since the late 1800s, when Albert Koebele explored the native habitat of the cottony cushion scale, Icrya purchasi, in Australia and introduced Vadalia cardinalis beetles (see below) to control the cottony cushion scale on citrus in California. This control has continued to be a success.

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