Intimate partner violence and maternal educational practice

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to analyze the association between intimate partner violence against women and maternal educational practice directed to children at the beginning of formal education. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, carried out between 2013 and 2014, with 631 mother/child pairs, registered in the Family Health Strategy of the Health District II of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of exposure to intimate partner violence in relation to the child who was born between 2005 and 2006. The maternal educational practice has been assessed by the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale and the intimate partner violence by a questionnaire adapted from the Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence of the World Health Organization. Intimate partner violence referred to the last 12 months and was defined by specific acts of psychological, physical, and sexual violence inflicted to women by the partner. The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated for the association studied, using log-binomial regression. RESULTS The prevalence of intimate partner violence was 24.4%, and violent maternal educational practice was 93.8%. The use of non-violent discipline was mentioned by 97.6% of the women, coexisting with violent strategies of discipline. Children whose mothers reported intimate partner violence presented a higher chance of suffering psychological aggression (PR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.0–4.7). CONCLUSIONS The violence suffered by the mother interferes in the parental education. The findings show high prevalence of violent maternal educational practice, pointing to the need for interventions that minimize the damage of violence in women and children.

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R.E.S.P.e.c.T and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study using DHS data in Kenya

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44781/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Caleb L Ward ◽

Siobán D Harlow

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Summary Score ◽

Wife Beating ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated

Abstract Background Thirty percent of all women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the World Health Organization’s (WHO) novel R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework for intervention and IPV prevalence among women in Kenya. Methods We used the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Only women selected for the domestic violence module and who were married/living with their partner were eligible for this study (n=3,737). We created a summary score for each strategy denoted by R.E.S.P.T based on availability of questions addressing these strategies in the KDHS, and a total score that summed responses across all strategies. Each letter was assessed with Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between R.E.S.P.T scores and IPV.Results All strategies except for E lowered the odds of IPV. Decision-making (R) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.62 [0.53-0.72]). Land and property ownership (E) were positively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 1.25 [1.08-1.43]). Access to health care (S) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.55 [0.48-0.63]). Higher levels of wealth (P) were negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.47 [0.37-0.62]). Not justifying wife-beating in any scenario (T) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.39 [0.29-0.53]). After adjusting for demographics, a 1-unit increase in total R.E.S.P.T score was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (AOR= 0.63 [0.57-0.70]) with a similar finding for IPV in the past 12 months (AOR = 0.59 [0.53-0.66]). Younger age, higher education, and Muslim religion were associated with decreased odds of experiencing IPV while living in a rural location and working were associated with increased odds of experiencing IPV.Conclusions Our study provides initial evidence that by implementing the multi-strategy R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework, countries can dramatically lower the odds of women experiencing IPV. The DHS can be used as a tool to monitor implementation and efficacy of this novel strategy.

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Association between Intimate Partner Violence with Quality of Life

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46088.14426 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

NV Roopesh Gopal ◽

SV Sathish Kumar ◽

Kiran S Bhat

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Early Interventions ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy. Those who are in such a relationship may experience violence from partners which may affect their day-to-day quality of life and thus cause a burden on the family. Aim: To assess the relationship between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) with Quality of life and to provide early interventions. Materials and Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences (KoIMS) teaching hospital Madikeri, Karnataka. The subjects were recruited by purposive sampling method. A total of 5810 consecutive subjects who visited the psychiatry OPD from March 2017 to June 2019 were assessed and among them, 82 subjects both men and women in the age group of 18 to 60 years were recruited. All of them reported IPV on the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened, and Screamed (HITS) scale and were further assessed for Quality of life using the World Health Organisation Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Descriptive statistics were used for continuous variables. A Nonparametric Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U scores were used for quality of life variables. The correlation was done using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Mean age was 36.04 in years (SD±11.28) having a mean of 7.5 years of schooling (SD±4.5). The majority belonged to the rural background and lower socioeconomic status. Out of 82 subjects, 21 subjects reported IPV score less than 10 (25.60%) and among the rest of the 61 (74.39%) subjects, 80.32% were females and 19.67% were males who had IPV scores of more than 10. The study subjects reported poor and very poor scores in their overall quality of life and very dissatisfied and dissatisfied in their health domain. IPV also correlated with reduced quality of life, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: People that experience IPV has an overall reduced quality of life. Routine clinical assessment needs to be done to provide early interventions.

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Estudio de las diferencias culturales en las relaciones violentas de pareja de España y Perú

Enfermería Global ◽

10.6018/eglobal.364641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 198-225

Author(s):

Juan Francisco Rubio Laborda ◽

Pilar Almansa Martínez ◽

José Vicente Navarro Henarejos ◽

María del Mar Pastor Bravo

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Formal Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Gender Violence ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probabilistic Sampling ◽

Las Mujeres

Objetivo: Determinar la violencia de género sufrida y ejercida en función de la cultura, edad y nivel educativo. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo con una muestra de 130 sujetos seleccionados aleatoriamente mediante el muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas en los países de España y Perú, siendo 53 hombres y 77 mujeres, sobre los que se aplicó un test de valoración de relaciones violentas de pareja, llamado el “semáforo de la violencia”.Resultados: Se encontraron asociaciones significativas según países en los ítems relacionados con el control de la vestimenta y de las salidas, el castigo mediante indiferencia, los celos, la sobreprotección y el control a través del móvil. Por otra parte, la educación formal genera una disminución de la violencia de género sufrida en mujeres. Respecto a la edad, los varones entre 25 y 30 años muestran un aumento significativo en la violencia verbal y la coacción sexual que ejercen.Conclusión: Las normas culturales y tradicionales pueden afectar a las relaciones violentas de pareja. Por lo que han de ser tenidas en cuenta al educar en igualdad para elaborar nuevos constructos sociales, haciendo énfasis en las mujeres con baja educación formal por ser más vulnerables de sufrir violencia de género y en los hombres del grupo etario que más la ejerce. Objective: To examine intimate partner violence in relation to culture, age and educational level of those involved.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving a sample of 130 subjects, randomly selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas, in Spain and Peru (53 men and 77 women). An evaluation of violent intimate partner relationships was undertaken using a tool known as the "Traffic Light of Gender Violence".Results: Significant association was found between countries and the items related to the control of dress and outings, punishment by indifference, jealousy, overprotection and control by means of the mobile phone. On the other hand, formal education generates a decrease in gender violence suffered in women. With regard to age, males between 25 and 30 years of age show a significant increase in verbal violence and sexual coercion.Conclusion: Cultural and traditional rules can affect intimate partner violence. Therefore, they should be considered when educating for equality in order to elaborate new social constructs, focusing particularly on women with low levels of formal education (because they are more vulnerable to gender violence) and on men of the age group that tends to use it more.

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Dowry Demand and other Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Adolescent Girls: A Cross-sectional Study in India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-139794/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shobhit Srivast ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Manideep Govindu ◽

Muhammad T

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Wife Beating ◽

World Health ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Effective Sample Size ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Violence against women is considered a fundamental violation of women’s human rights. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide one-third of women experience some form of intimate partner violence. The present study aims to examine the association of dowry demand and other associated risk factors with physical, sexual, or emotional violence against married adolescent girls in two major states of India by using large representative data.Methods: Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) project survey data was used for this study. The effective sample size for the study was 4893 married adolescent girls. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was performed to examine the preliminary results. For analyzing the association binary logistic regression method was used.Results: The prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence was 28.6%, 22.9%, and 26.1% among married adolescent girls respectively. About 44% of married adolescent girls experienced any type of violence (emotional/physical/sexual). The prevalence of violence was significantly higher among girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their husbands (emotional-54%, physical-42.1%, sexual-39.6%, and any violence-68.4%). Results show that the likelihood of any violence was 3.66 times more likely among adolescent girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their husbands than their counterparts [OR: 3.66; CI: 3.06-4.37]. Other risk factors for intimate partner violence among adolescents included justifying wife-beating, low decision-making power, having a paid job, and longer marital duration.Conclusion: The results presented in this study suggest that policies that ensure equal inheritance and property rights for women and programs that help adolescent girls retain equal power and say in their family may be necessary to reduce their vulnerability to domestic violence.

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CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO BY WOMEN AND THE OCCURRENCE OF VIOLENCE BY INTIMATE PARTNER

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Caique Veloso ◽

Claudete Ferreira de Souza Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Partner Violence Against Women

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the consumption of alcohol and tobacco by women and the occurrence of intimate partner violence against women. Method: a cross-sectional and analytical study with 369 women in the age group of 20 to 59 years, attended in Basic Health Units of five municipalities of Piaui, Brazil. The instruments used in data collection were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Non-Student Drugs Use Questionnaire and Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. Data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: the overall prevalence of intimate partner violence against women was 64.0%, 61.5% of whom were victims of psychological aggression, 33.6% of physical abuse and 17.1% of sexual coercion. In addition, 50.1% and 17.9% of the women reported alcohol and tobacco consumption, respectively, which were statistically associated with the occurrence of intimate partner violence. Alcohol consumption increased by 2.15 times the chance of intimate partner raping (p=0.001, 95% CI=1.37-3.38), while smoking increased this chance by 2.04 times (p=0.038, 95% CI=1.04-4.00). Conclusion: high prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use by women and intimate partner violence were identified. In addition, it was found that the consumption of these substances by women is a risk factor associated with the occurrence of intimate partner violence in the female universe.

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Association of dowry practices with perceived marital life and intimate partner violence

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.06-761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 2298-2303

Author(s):

Tazeen Saeed Ali ◽

Neesha Hussain ◽

Shah Zeb ◽

Asli Kulane

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

World Health ◽

Local Context ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: To understand the perceptions of women about the influence of dowry customs on their marital life and on intimate partner violence (IPV) in a marriage. Method: This was a cross-sectional study on married women of reproductive age in Karachi, Pakistan between 2008 and 2009. Data was collected through a reliable questionnaire developed by World Health Organization, which was validated at local context and has been translated in to Urdu and then back translated in to English. Results: This study found that women whose marriages were decided conditionally on the provision of dowry to the groom’s family reported it to have had a positive impact on marital life (aOR: 11.5). Consenting to a marriage was positively associated with positive marital life (aOR: 36.8), as was the case when the marriage was contingent on dowry to be given to the groom’s family (aOR: 10.4). Provision of a dowry was not protective from physical (aOR: 3.7), sexual (aOR: 3.7), or psychological violence (aOR: 8.9). Conclusion: Dowry practices exist in Pakistani culture, despite the fact that dowry wives experience IPV. However, women perceive that the provision of dowry to groom’s family has a positive impact on marital life. In the immediate future, to protect women in and entering into marriage, there should be a strengthening of women’s organizations to provide legal, social and medical supports to women in need as well as the training of medical and paramedical professionals to recognize and respond to IPV. Continuous...

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The correlation between sexual dysfunction and intimate partner violence in young women during pregnancy

BMC International Health and Human Rights ◽

10.1186/s12914-020-00245-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ellahe Bahrami_Vazir ◽

Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽

Mahin Kamalifard ◽

Fatemeh Ghelichkhani ◽

Azam Mohammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Young Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Sexual function is one of the main aspects of life. Pregnancy affects sexual function. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual dysfunction in young pregnant women and its correlation with intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between sexual dysfunction with IPV and socio-demographic factors. Results The results of this study on 346 pregnant women aged 18–29 years showed that mean (SD = standard deviation) of the total sexual function score was 25.4 (5.9), within a possible score range of 2 to 36. About 66% of the young pregnant women had a sexual dysfunction. The lowest and the highest prevalence of sexual dysfunction were in sub domains of sexual satisfaction and sexual desire, respectively. The prevalence of overall IPV against young women was 63%. The most common type of IPV experienced by women was psychological aggression (56.6%). There were statistically significant relationships between sexual dysfunction and IPV (OR (Odds Ratio) = 0.4, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.2 to 0.6, p < 0.001), sufficiency of income for expenses (0.2, 0.1 to 0.6, p = 0.005), husband educational level (0.5, 0.3 to 0.9, p = 0.028) and marriage duration (1.9, 1.0 to 3.7, p = 0.044). Conclusions Sexual dysfunction has a high prevalence in young pregnant women and IPV had correlation with sexual dysfunction. The routine screening for sexual dysfunction and IPV is recommended during pregnancy for detection and consulting.

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Intimate partner violence, interpersonal trust and hope: a study among portuguese adults.

International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología ◽

10.17060/ijodaep.2021.n1.v2.2117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

Maria da Luz Vale-Dias ◽

Bárbara Minas

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Relationships ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Interpersonal Trust ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Marital Violence ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Future

According to results presented in several reports from the World Health Organization, violence in intimate relationships is a phenomenon whose incidence covers the most diverse populations on a universal scale. Allowing for recent information included on a report from a Portuguese association that gives support to victims (APAV, 2014), this is a very serious problem with severe consequences, including death. Being a complex problem, so interconnected with several variables that have an impact on developmental trajectories, there is an increased need for research and intervention. Objectives: Considering previous research on interpersonal trust, hope and intimate partner violence, this exploratory study aims to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence, interpersonal trust in the intimate partner and hope for the future. Also, prevalence of violence in intimate relationships will be addressed. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sample includes 302 subjects (202 women and 100 men), aged 18 to 63 years (M = 29, SD =10.78). Data collection was performed through a protocol that includes a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Portuguese adaptation of the Rotenberg s Specific Trust Scale-Adults, the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence, the Inventory of Marital Violence and the Scale of the Future. Results: A worrying prevalence of violence in intimate relationships was found, whether in present or in past relationships. Results also show the existence of weak, but statistically significant negative associations between interpersonal trust and violence, considering both victimization and perpetration. Although modest, some significant positive relationships between certain aspects of hope and interpersonal trust were found. In addition, results show some significant differences in legitimating beliefs of intimate partner violence by age, sex and socioeconomic status. Discussion: Interpretation of these findings, study limitations and suggestions for future investigations are presented and discussed.

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Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence and Relationships to Sexual Risk-Related Behaviors Among College Students

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 559-568

Author(s):

Montana Gill ◽

Regine Haardörfer ◽

Michael Windle ◽

Carla J. Berg

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Health Concern ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health concern, often initially experienced in young adulthood; IPV has been associated with adverse sexual health and sexual risk outcomes. Objective: This study examined 1) correlates of experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and 2) IPV in relation to sexual risk-related behaviors among college students. Methods: We analyzed 2016 cross-sectional survey data regarding sociodemographics, past IPV experiences, and sexual risk-related behaviors (sex after drug/alcohol use, condomless sex) among male and female students aged 18-25 from seven Georgia colleges/universities, respectively. Results: IPV victimization was associated with being Black, greater depressive symptoms, and substance use. Multivariable regression, including sociodemographic covariates, indicated that alcohol/drug use before the last sex was associated with sexual and physical aggression victimization among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.155), but with fewer negotiation experiences and more injury experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.107). Condom less sex at last intercourse was associated with psychological aggression experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.125), but with no IPV factor among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.188). Conclusion: The distinct relationships between IPV and sexual risk among men and women underscore the need for targeted prevention interventions.

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The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa380 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amy M Smith Slep ◽

Richard E Heyman ◽

Michael F Lorber ◽

David J Linkh

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Air Force ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Institutional Review Board ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.

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