scholarly journals Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): an innovative vision for child health care

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Benguigui
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Health Organization

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), Panamerican Health Organization (PAHO) and the United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF), joint experiences of previous frequent diseases programs in children, with prevention and health promotion activities. In this new approach the family, the community and health workers have a leading role in health condition of the child. The strategy aims a reduction in Infant Mortality Rate, specially in those regions and countries in which it is high. Pneumonia, diarrhea, malnutrition and other preventable diseases are the main causes of deaths in this settings. Health workers can early recognized danger signs of severe diseases, as well as they can evaluate and treat the most frequent health problems. By enhancing prevention and health promotion activities, as better conditions of life, giving an holistic vision of the child and his family, and not only looking for the symptom that motivate the consultation.

scholarly journals Factors associated with adherence to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines for under-five years’ old care in Burkina Faso primary health care facilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabere Anselme Traoré ◽  
Serge M.A. Somda ◽  
Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo ◽  
Jean-Louis Kouldiati ◽  
Paul Jacob Robyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines in primary health care facilities in Burkina Faso and to determine the factors associated.Materials and MethodsWe used data from a large survey on health facilities, held from October 2013 to April 2014. Primary health facilities were evaluated, health workers interviewed and consultations observed. The standard guideline for an under five year’s old child consultation was the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI).Results1,571 consultations were observed, carried out by 522 different practitioners. The danger signs were usually not checked (13.9% only checking for at least three general danger signs). The adherence for cough (74.8%), diarrhoea (64.9%), fever (83.8%) and anaemia (70.3%) was higher. The principal factors found to be associated with poorer adherence to guidelines of consultation were female sex (Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86 – 0.95), non-nurse practitioner (RR=0.93; 95% CI 0.88 – 0.97), IMCI training (RR=1.06; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.11), non-satisfaction of the salary (RR=0.95 95% CI 0.91 – 0.99).ConclusionThis study highlights a poor adherence to the IMCI guidelines and by then, revealing a poor quality of under-five care. Indeed, many characteristics of health workers including gender, type of profession, training satisfaction with salary were found to be associated with this adherence. Therefore, more initiatives aiming at improving the quality of care should be developed and implemented for improving the child health care.

scholarly journals The effect of training in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on the performance and healthcare quality of pediatric healthcare workers: a systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Joaquim Freitas do Amaral ◽  
Cesar Gomes Victora
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of training in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on the quality of case management by healthcare workers based on a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: the authors searched the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, PAHO and WHOLIS for the search terms Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), and analyzed documents published by Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Health between January 1993 and July 2006. The quality of the methodology was assessed using the criteria developed by Downs and Black. RESULTS: thirty-five papers were reviewed. Twelve of these validated the IMCI algorithm and found the sensitivity to be high and the specificity to be over 80% for major illnesses. Twenty-three papers assessed the performance of healthcare workers, eight of these with no control group. The present study shows clear evidence of improvement in the performance of healthcare workers employed at healthcare facilities with IMCI. The main methodological weaknesses of the study were lack of control of confounding factors and lack of information regarding statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: the performance of healthcare workers tends to improve at public healthcare facilities when IMCI is introduced.

scholarly journals Pneumonia in rural Malawians under five years old: Treatment outcomes and clinical predictors of death on admission

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper M. Lutala ◽  
Suzgo Mzumara ◽  
Maurice Mlenga ◽  
Raphael Talipu ◽  
Eric Kasagila
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: High mortality and disability due to pneumonia occur worldwide. The introduction of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Malawi brought with it hope of an improvement in the outcome of pneumonia. However, the risk of death and treatment outcomes remain unknown in many districts.Method: The medical records of 466 consecutive patients admitted to the Mchinji District Hospital from January 2004 to January 2006 whose disease met the World Health Organization criteria for pneumonia were reviewed. Data were collected from forms that had been filled out and different treatment outcomes and determinants of death were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Of the 466 patients, 62.7% completed treatment, 15.9% had unknown outcomes, 12.9% died, 8.4% were lost to follow-up, 0.8% failed to improve with treatment, and 0.4% were transferred to other facilities. Independent predictors of death were: age less than 2 years, female sex, history of pneumonia, chest retractions, type of pneumonia, and central cyanosis.Conclusion: A high proportion of deaths and unknown outcomes occurred among participants. Young age, female sex, history of pneumonia, chest retractions and central cyanosis were associated with death. Mortality from pneumonia may be reduced by close monitoring of these risk factors and by improving health education programmes and communicating these findings to parents and health workers. Further investigations of local reasons for high rates of unknown/unreported outcomes are welcomed.

Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA MENICHETTI ◽  
PIETRO CIPRESSO ◽  
DARIO BUSSOLIN ◽  
GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Older Citizens

ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Dental caries in 6-12-year-old indigenous and non-indigenous schoolchildren in the Amazon basin of Ecuador

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widman Medina ◽  
Anna-Karin Hurtig ◽  
Miguel San Sebastián ◽  
Edy Quizhpe ◽  
Cristian Romero
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the caries experience among 6-12-year-old indigenous (Naporunas) and non-indigenous (recent settlers of mixed ethnic origin) schoolchildren, living in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,449 clinical exams according to the World Health Organization criteria. Nine (7.6%) indigenous and 3 (4.5%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their primary dentition at the age of 6. The mean dmft value (SD) among indigenous and non-indigenous children aged 6 was 6.40 (3.36) and 8.36 (3.93), respectively. Sixty-four (54.2%) indigenous and 29 (43.3%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their permanent first molars at the age of 6. Only 7 (6.26%) indigenous and 2 (2.60%) non-indigenous children were caries-free at the age of 12. The mean DMFT values (SD) for 12-year-olds were 4.47 (2.85) among indigenous and 5.25 (2.89) among non-indigenous children. Fillings were almost non existent. Caries rates were high among both groups, with untreated carious lesions predominating in all ages. The data of indigenous children suggest adoption of a non-traditional diet. An appropriate oral health response based primarily on prevention and health promotion is needed.

Functioning in Schizophrenia: Similarities and Differences Between Clinical, Patient and Expert Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S105-S105
Author(s):  
M. Barrios ◽  
G. Guilera ◽  
O. Pino ◽  
E. Rojo ◽  
S. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Icf Core Sets

IntroductionIn 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to offer a comprehensive and universally accepted framework to describe functioning, disability and health. The ICF Core Sets (ICF-CS) are a selection of categories that serve as a minimal standard for the assessment of functioning and disability in a specific health condition. The ICF-CS for schizophrenia was created in 2015 based on four preliminary studies that intend to capture different perspectives.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe the similarities (i.e. overlap) and discrepancies (i.e. unique contribution) between the clinical, patient and expert perspectives on the most relevant problems in functioning of individuals with schizophrenia, being focused on the European WHO region.MethodsForty-four experts from 14 European countries participated in an expert survey, patients with schizophrenia were involved in four focus groups, and health professionals assessed 127 patients in relation to daily life functioning. Information gathered from these three preliminary studies was linked to the ICF.ResultsData showed that although a considerable number of second-level ICF categories agreed on the three preparatory studies (n = 54, 27.7%), each perspective provided a unique set of ICF categories. Specifically, experts reported 65 unique ICF categories, patients 23 and health professionals 11.ConclusionsEven though there were similarities between perspectives, each one underlined different areas of functioning, showing the importance of including different perspectives in order to get a complete view of functioning and disability in individuals with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A Novel Mobile Health Tool for Home-Based Identification of Neonatal Illness in Uganda: Formative Usability Study

10.2196/14540 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e14540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Vanosdoll ◽  
Natalie Ng ◽  
Anthony Ho ◽  
Allison Wallingford ◽  
Shicheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Neonatal Assessment

Background While early identification of neonatal illness can impact neonatal mortality rates and reduce the burden of treatment, identifying subtle clinical signs and symptoms of possible severe illness is especially challenging in neonates. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund developed the Integrated Management of Neonatal Childhood Illness guidelines, an evidence-based tool highlighting seven danger signs to assess neonatal health. Currently, many mothers in low-resource settings rely on home visits from community health workers (CHWs) to determine if their baby is sick. However, CHWs visit infrequently, and illness is often detected too late to impact survival. Thus, delays in illness identification pose a significant barrier to providing expedient and effective care. Neonatal Monitoring (NeMo), a novel neonatal assessment tool, seeks to increase the frequency of neonatal screening by task-shifting identification of neonatal danger signs from CHWs to mothers. Objective This study aimed to explore the usability and acceptability of the NeMo system among target users and volunteer CHWs by assessing ease of use and learnability. Methods Simulated device use and semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 women in the Iganga-Mayuge districts in eastern Uganda to evaluate the usability of the NeMo system, which involves a smartphone app paired with a low cost, wearable band to aid in identification of neonatal illness. Two versions of the app were evaluated using a mixed methods approach, and version II of the app contained modifications based on observations of the first cohort’s use of the system. During the posed scenario simulations, participants were offered limited guidance from the study team in order to probe the intuitiveness of the NeMo system. The ability to complete a set of tasks with the system was tested and recorded for each participant and closed- and open-ended questions were used to elicit user feedback. Additionally, focus groups with 12 CHWs were conducted to lend additional context and insight to the usability and feasibility assessment. Results A total of 13/22 subjects (59%) using app version I and 9/10 subjects (90%) using app version II were able to use the phone and app with no difficulty, despite varying levels of smartphone experience. Following modifications to the app’s audio instructions in version II, participants’ ability to accurately answer qualitative questions concerning neonatal danger signs improved by at least 200% for each qualitative danger sign. All participants agreed they would trust and use the NeMo system to assess the health of their babies. Furthermore, CHWs emphasized the importance of community sensitization towards the system to encourage its adoption and regular use, as well as the decision to seek care based on its recommendations. Conclusions The NeMo system is an intuitive platform for neonatal assessment in a home setting and was found to be acceptable to women in rural Uganda.

scholarly journals Edukasi dan Deteksi Dini Komplikasi Kehamilan dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Rochany Septiyaningsih ◽  
Dhiah Dwi Kusumawati ◽  
Frisca Dewi Yunadi ◽  
Septiana Indratmoko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Delivery Assistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that maternal mortality worldwide due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth in 2017 is estimated at around 810 cases. Between 2000 and 2017 there was a decline in the ratio of MMR around the world by 38%. WHO also states that 94% of global maternal deaths occur in low and middle income countries. In Indonesia, maternal deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth every year are estimated at 20,000 mothers died from five million births. Delivery assistance by trained health workers in health facilities can be an effort to reduce MMR and IMR. In addition, awareness of pregnant women is also important for the importance of having a pregnancy with a health worker. This community service aims to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and to detect early pregnancy complications by laboratory examinations. The target of this activity is 15 pregnant women. The dedication activity is conducting educational activities, laboratory examinations in Tambakreja Village, Cilacap Regency. Based on the results of this activity it was concluded that there was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and found 2 pregnant women experiencing anemia from 15 pregnant women and urine examination found all negative pregnant women

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