scholarly journals Dental caries in 6-12-year-old indigenous and non-indigenous schoolchildren in the Amazon basin of Ecuador

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widman Medina ◽  
Anna-Karin Hurtig ◽  
Miguel San Sebastián ◽  
Edy Quizhpe ◽  
Cristian Romero
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the caries experience among 6-12-year-old indigenous (Naporunas) and non-indigenous (recent settlers of mixed ethnic origin) schoolchildren, living in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,449 clinical exams according to the World Health Organization criteria. Nine (7.6%) indigenous and 3 (4.5%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their primary dentition at the age of 6. The mean dmft value (SD) among indigenous and non-indigenous children aged 6 was 6.40 (3.36) and 8.36 (3.93), respectively. Sixty-four (54.2%) indigenous and 29 (43.3%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their permanent first molars at the age of 6. Only 7 (6.26%) indigenous and 2 (2.60%) non-indigenous children were caries-free at the age of 12. The mean DMFT values (SD) for 12-year-olds were 4.47 (2.85) among indigenous and 5.25 (2.89) among non-indigenous children. Fillings were almost non existent. Caries rates were high among both groups, with untreated carious lesions predominating in all ages. The data of indigenous children suggest adoption of a non-traditional diet. An appropriate oral health response based primarily on prevention and health promotion is needed.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire and appraisal of diabetes scale - a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Patil ◽  
Yamini Patil ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that disturbs the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Therefore, evaluation of diabetes- related QOL could be a key outcome measure for its management. This study assessed the QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life (QOL)˗BREF questionnaire and disease-specific appraisal of diabetes scale (ADS). In this cross-sectional study, 520 T2DM patients were included. Patients’ demographic data, clinical information was collected through interviews, and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument and ADS were used for the QOL of patients. Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (Version 3.6.0). The mean ADS scores were lower in controlled diabetic subjects (18.50±3.08) and higher in uncontrolled diabetic subjects (19.29±2.73) (P<0.05). For WHOQOL-BREF, the mean scores for all the domains (overall general health, physical, psychological, social, and environmental) were significantly higher in controlled diabetic subjects (P<0.001). In addition, the age, duration of diabetes, associated comorbidities, treatment, and HbA1c level of patients showed a highly significant correlation with WHOQOL-BREF (P<0.001). Diabetic patients had poor-to-average QOL. Therefore, public health measures and education of diabetic patients are essential to create more awareness for improving the QOL of T2DM.

scholarly journals New Growth Curves for Spanish Children (0–10 Years) in the Region of Extremadura

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Luis Pardo-Galán ◽  
Raquel Pastor-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
José Adsuar ◽  
Miguel García-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

The anthropometric reference data used to examine the growth pattern of children in Spain are obtained from studies carried out several years ago. In the region of Extremadura, the tables obtained by the Faustino Obergozo Foundation, which date back to 2004, are used. The first objective of this work is to develop growth tables and graphs that accurately reflect the somatometric variables of children in Extremadura. Secondly, the averages of these variables by sex will be compared to determine if there are significant differences between them. A database provided by the General Directorate of Planning, Training, and Health and Social Quality of the Regional Government of Extremadura was used, which contains the measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls in Extremadura between the years 2006–2016. The database was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and the R software version 3.5.1, considering a cross-sectional study. As a result, the tables and growth graphs of Extremadura’s population base for weight and height are presented, from birth to 10 years, as well as comparisons of the average values of the analyzed variables between boys and girls. We found that there are significant differences in the mean values, according to sex, of the height and weight. On the other hand, BMI progressed normally when comparing the results of the Extremadura population with those reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences were found when comparing the results with those obtained by the Faustino Orbegozo Foundation.

scholarly journals Risk Factor for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Rico Januar Sitorus ◽  
Nyoman Yudi Antara ◽  
Rosyada Elviani ◽  
Zen Ahmad ◽  
Harun Hudari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel corona virus (COVID-19) as a pandemic due to its high transmission and the rapid spread of the COVID-19. Along these lines, there is a need for more research about risk factors that can affect the spread of COVID-19 and its fatality. Therefore, this study aims to analyze risk factors in patients who died from COVID-19 at the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected from all patients who died with suspected, probable, and confirmed status until September 2020  Data on death due to COVID-19 were collected with suspect, probable, and confirmed status. The results showed that comorbidity became the most dominant factor (62.1%) with (OR Adj) 3.780 (1.000 – 3.168) after controlling for contact history with confirmed cases and sex. There were differences in the mean age and length of stay in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and not. Prevention of death in COVID-19 patients can be done by controlling comorbidities and contact history with positive cases of COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Study on Assessment of Knowledge and To Create Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection and Its Preventive Measures among Health Care Students and Non-Health Care Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Ch. O. V. Nagateja ◽  
P. Bhavya Sree ◽  
G. Padma Sri
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared covid-19 as a pandemic on 11th march 2020. Since no treatment is available, following preventive measures is only the effective way to stop the spread of covid-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding covid-19 and its preventive measures and to create awareness about covid-19 among healthcare students and non-healthcare students. Methods: An online cross sectional study was conducted in 2 months i.e., from 1st Aug. 2020 to 30th Sept. 2020 among healthcare students and non-health care students. To determine the scoring of questionnaire, mean of knowledge scores and standard deviation were calculated. Results: A total of 766 students were participated in this study. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 23. Males were 496 and females were 270. Health care students were 423 and 343 students are non-health care students. Overall knowledge about covid-19 infection was good among 480 students, average among 183 students and was poor among 103 students. The mean knowledge score of healthcare students (8.41) is higher than non-health care students (6.11) towards covid-19 infection and its preventive measures. Conclusion: This study reveals that majority of the students were knowledgeable about covid-19 infection and its preventive measures. The mean knowledge score of healthcare students (8.41) is higher than non-health care students (6.11) indicating that the health care students have more knowledge. Though the overall knowledge on covid-19 was good enough among health care students and non-health care students, still there is a need for education to increase knowledge especially among non-health care students. Keywords: SARS-COV 2 virus, Covid-19 infection, health care students, non-healthcare students, knowledge, awareness, India.

scholarly journals Analysis of dental caries prevention program in 7–12-year-old Lithuanian schoolchildren

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Kristina Saldūnaitė ◽  
Alina Pūrienė ◽  
Simona Milčiuvienė ◽  
Vilma Brukienė ◽  
Jelena Kutkauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Fissure Sealing ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Objective. The present study aimed to assess dental status in 7–12-year-old Lithuanian children and to evaluate the extent and the efficiency of the Pit and Fissure Sealing in Permanent Molars program. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was performed between September 2007 and May 2008. Children, aged 7–12 years, from secondary schools in five biggest cities of Lithuania were invited for the examination using a cluster random sampling method. The data for the present study were collected following the general principles for basic oral health surveys of the World Health Organization. Results. The prevalence of dental caries was 85.5%, 88.9%, and 70.6% in 7–8-, 9–10-, and 12-year olds, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent molars increased with age and became as high as 57.7% in 12-year-old children. The data showed that the mean number of sealed teeth depends on the county and ranged from 0.83 (1.31) to 1.45 (1.85) in 7–8-year olds, from 0.95 (1.29) to 2.54 (1.15) in 9–10-year olds, and from 0.26 to 2.13 (1.15) in 12-year olds. Conclusions. The prevalence and incidence of dental caries in 7–12-year-old Lithuanian children are high. Only half of all examined children have at least one sealed molar. The financial resources allocated for the Pit and Fissure Sealing in Permanent Molars program were used insufficiently; therefore, there is a need for systematic measures in order to improve the efficacy of the aforementioned program.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South-east Gabon.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roméo Karl IMBOUMY-LIMOUKOU ◽  
Barthélemy NGOUBANGOYE ◽  
Serge Ely DIBAKOU ◽  
Lydie Sandrine OYEGUE-LIBAGUI ◽  
Franck MOUNIOKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract BackgroundCOVID-19 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It has spread from China to more than 200 countries and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This survey aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, perception and practices (KAP) of the Gabonese public towards the COVID-19 disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 1016 participants aged 10 years and over in rural and urban area in south-east Gabon, using a questionnaire. All participants filled the questionnaire voluntarily, reporting demographic characteristics and answering questions assessing their level of knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practice toward the COVID-19. ResultsAmong the 1016 participants, there were 535 men (52.7%) and 476 women (46.9%). The mean age of the participants was 33.2±16.7 years old. Almost all participants (98.1%) said that they had heard about COVID-19 but only 2.8% knew the pathogenic agent responsible for COVID-19. Only 20.9% of respondents thought that vaccination can protect them but 51.9% were looking forward to getting the vaccine when available. More than 80% knew that the disease could be transmitted by greeting infected people (87.3%), kissing an infected person (90.0%), touching an infected doorknobs (83.5%), and attending meetings (83.9%). The mean knowledge score was higher among younger than older participants, higher among participants living in urban area than those living in rural areas, and higher among participants with higher levels of education than those with lower levels of education.ConclusionIn general, respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19, and a positive attitude towards using protective measures. These results are encouraging in the fight against the spread of COVID-19 in Gabon. However, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge level in older participants, those living in rural areas and those with low levels of education. Awareness campaigns in local languages could, for example, be conducted to improve knowledge of the disease in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of smoking and age of initiation in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 626-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
S. A. Abou Khatwa ◽  
H. M. Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cross-sectional survey on tobacco use in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, used an interview questionnaire based on World Health Organization guidelines. The study in 2000 included 2120 participants aged 15 to 86 years. More than a quarter [27.2%] were current smokers [25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers] and 3.5% were ex-smokers. Current smokers spent 23.1% of their family income on tobacco. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men [48.5%] than women [1.5%] and the mean age of initiation of smoking was lower among men [18.1 years] than women [22.6 years]. The high prevalence of tobacco use among men is of concern, so too is the likelihood that tobacco use will increase among women. Further research is needed into factors that prevent people from starting smoking and assist them stopping smoking

scholarly journals Prevalence and awareness of osteopenia in perimenopausal women in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Ajay Dodeja ◽  
Anushka Makhija ◽  
Ashita Rane ◽  
Meeta Dodeja
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Osteopenia is considered as precursor of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden worldwide. Osteopenia occurs more frequently in most menopausal women. Early detection of the same can be beneficial to control prevalence of osteoporosis and also to reduce the fracture rates.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) was conducted on 80 women. A self-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of awareness among the study subjects. The data was analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-Square test for association. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results: The prevalence of osteopenia in the studied population was 63.75%. The mean age was recorded to be 40.35 years. The mean age of women with menopause in this study is 50.62 years. Out of the 51(63.75%) women diagnosed with osteopenia, 5.9% were underweight, 33.3% were normal and 49% were obese. Of the diseased, 37.3% experienced adequate amount sunlight exposure required while 62.7% did not. Out of the 80 women interviewed 43.75% were aware about osteopenia, its causes and complications; which 56.25% were unaware about the same.Conclusions: Women were screened for osteopenia with the help of DEXA scan according to the (World Health Organization) WHO, T-Score criteria-which may go undiagnosed otherwise and may experience the risk and complications of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The Correlation Level Of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Andthyroxinewith Spontaneus Abortion

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Yellyta Ulsafitri ◽  
Rahmatina Rahmatina
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abortion is one of the causes of maternal death. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 15-20% of maternal deaths are caused by abortion. Abnormal level of TSH and T4 during pregnancy will be at risk of abortion because the T4 hormone acts to regulate the body's metabolic processes. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of TSH and T4 levels in the incidence of abortion.         The research design is observational with cross sectional approach which is implemented in regency general hospital of Dr. Rasidin, hospital of Dr. Reksodiwiryo,Bhayangkara hospital, Islam hospital of IbnuSina Padang, and Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Andalas University in Padang from September to November 2017. The study population is all pregnant women with gestational age ≤ 20 weeks with diagnosis of abortion. The sample of research 58 respondents by using consecutive sampling technique Examination of TSH and T4 using ELISA method. Test the normality of data by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Analysis of comparative data by using Pearson correlation test.         The conclusion of this study are the mean serum TSH level is 2.39 ± 1.59 mIU / I and the mean serum T4 level was 8.02 ± 1.43 μg / dl. There is no statistically significant relationship between TSH and T4 levels in aborted event, with p = 0.07 (p> 0,05), with r = -0,23, the relation test is weak, the direction was negative which means more high levels of TSH, the smaller  T4 levels in  mother abortion        The conclusion, the study proves that, there is no significant correlation between TSH and T4 levels in the incidence of abortion.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia Among Schedule Caste Women in Rural Area of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Amar Kumar Sinha ◽  
Chandra Prakash Gaire ◽  
Babu Ram Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schedule Caste ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia of schedule caste women in Rural area ofeastern Nepal is a prominent problem in developing countries. On the present study is to determine the prevalence of anemia of schedule caste women of Baijnathpur, eastern Nepal.  A Cross sectional study was conducted to the schedule caste non -pregnant women of the age group 20 - >70 years during August - November 2015.A total 432 women were participant in the present study. Cyanmethamoglobin used for the determination of anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 242(56%) out of N= 432 women. Anaemia was classified as per the world health organization (WHO), mild, moderate and severe. The highest prevalence of anaemia 66.7% was found at the age group of 50-59 years and second highest 59.3% was found at the age group of 20-29 years of the anaemic population. The mean and SD of haemoglobin were 11.49±2.05gm/dl and 10.14±1.57 gm/dl of total and anaemic population respectively  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 264-268

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