Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA MENICHETTI ◽  
PIETRO CIPRESSO ◽  
DARIO BUSSOLIN ◽  
GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Older Citizens

ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Understanding health education, health promotion and public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kitty R. Van Teijlingen ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
Flora Douglas ◽  
Padam Simkhada ◽  
Edwin R. Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Overview

Across the globe, there can be confusion about the difference between the concepts of health education, health promotion and, often also, public health. This confusion does not limit itself to the individual terms but also to how these terms relate to each other. Some use terms such as health education and health promotion interchangeably; others see them clearly as different concepts. In this theoretical overview paper, we have first of all outlined our understanding of these individual terms. We suggest how the five principles of health promotion as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1984) fit into Tannahill’s (2009) model of three overlapping areas: (a) health education; (b) prevention of ill health; and (c) health protection. Our schematic overview places health education within health promotion and health promotion itself in the center of the overarching disciplines of education and public health. We hope our representation helps reduce confusion among all those interested in our discipline, including students, educators, journalists, practitioners, policymakers, politicians, and researchers.

Links Between Perceptions and Practices in Patient Education: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roussel ◽  
Mariane Frenay
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background. Two decades after “patient education” was defined by the World Health Organization, its integration in health care practices remains a challenge. Perceptions might shed light on these implementation difficulties. This systematic review aims to investigate links between perceptions and patient education practices among health care professionals, paying particular attention to the quality of practices in order to highlight any associated perception. Method. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched using the following search terms: “perceptions,” “patient education,” “health care professionals,” and “professional practices.” PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used. Results. Twenty studies were included. Overall findings supported the existence of links between some perceptions and practices. Links were either correlational or “causal” (generally in a single direction: perceptions affecting practices). Four types of perceptions (perceptions of the task including patient education, perceptions about the patient, perceptions of oneself as a health care professional, and perceptions of the context) were identified as being linked with educational practices. Links can although be mediated by other factors. Results concerning links should, however, be considered with caution as practices were mostly assessed by prevalence measurements, were self-reported and concerned exclusively individual education. When analyzing the quality of practices, the two retained studies highlighted their changing nature and the central role of perceptions with respect to the individual patient. Conclusions. This literature review led us to specify the quality criteria for further research: covering the entire spectrum of patient education, operationalizing variables, exploring specific practices, measuring the quality of practices, developing designs that facilitate causation findings, and considering a bidirectional perspective.

scholarly journals Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Setegn Muche Fenta ◽  
Teshager Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Background. Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods. Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. Result. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 months ( AOR = 3.166 ; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child ( AOR = 1.871 ; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above ( AOR = 2.210 , 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination ( AOR = 1.197 ; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth ( AOR = 1.303 ; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children ( AOR = 2.91 ; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ( AOR = 1.505 ; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water ( AOR = 1.289 ; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Mass hysteria and incidence rate control in the organized groups (RUDN University approach)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-938
Author(s):  
N. O. Danilina ◽  
A. S. Klimenko ◽  
Sh. Gulova ◽  
V. A. Seryapov ◽  
S. V. Nazyuta
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Mass Hysteria

The article presents the results of the comprehensive study of methods for countering mass panic and explosive morbidity in the organized community (on the example of a number of activities implemented at the RUDN University during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic). The authors used elements of theoretical and empirical, sociological and experimental methods of research. After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of the new coronavirus in March 2020, the world will never be the same - most aspects of social interaction have changed, and the RUDN University could not stay away from global and all-Russian trends. In the article, the concept of dealing with stress and mass panic is considered not at the individual level, but at the level of the full-size medical institution with a multinational and multicultural community of 9000 people, completely isolated from the society. The authors managed to develop a model of doctors behavior, which proved to be effective when working with the younger generation (aged 18 to 35), including foreign students; provided an opportunity to control (to a certain limit) the mood of the masses on the entrusted territory, to ensure adherence to treatment and emotional support at all its stages. Due to the patients feeling of control over his condition, understanding of what is happening and, as a result, the development of critical perception of all information, the negative impact of the mass panic reaction was significantly reduced. Therefore, the authors achieved a disciplined organized community that followed all quarantine and isolation instructions, which significantly smoothed the peak of the incidence curve.

scholarly journals Modelling the performance of isoniazid preventive therapy for reducing tuberculosis in HIV endemic settings: the effects of network structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (63) ◽  
pp. 1510-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Mills ◽  
T. Cohen ◽  
C. Colijn
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Individuals living with HIV experience a much higher risk of progression from latent M. tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease relative to individuals with intact immune systems. A several-month daily course of a single drug during latent infection (i.e. isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)) has proved in clinical trials to substantially reduce an HIV-infected individual's risk of TB disease. As a result of these findings and ongoing studies, the World Health Organization has produced strong guidelines for implementing IPT on a community-wide scale for individuals with HIV at risk of TB disease. To date, there has been limited use of IPT at a community-wide level. In this paper, we present a new co-network model for HIV and TB co-epidemics to address questions about how the population-level impact of community-wide IPT may differ from the individual-level impact of IPT offered to selected individuals. In particular, we examine how the effect of clustering of contacts within high-TB incidence communities may affect the rates of re-infection with TB and how this clustering modifies the expected population-level effects of IPT. We find that populations with clustering of respiratory contacts experience aggregation of TB cases and high numbers of re-infection events. While, encouragingly, the overall population-level effects of community-wide IPT appear to be sustained regardless of network structure, we find that in populations where these contacts are highly clustered, there is dramatic heterogeneity in the impact of IPT: in some sub-regions of these populations, TB is nearly eliminated, while in others, repeated re-infection almost completely undermines the effect of IPT. Our findings imply that as IPT programmes are brought to scale, we should expect local heterogeneity of effectiveness as a result of the complex patterns of disease transmission within communities.

Harmonização orofacial após Covid-19: biossegurança e benefcios

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Fonseca de Carvalho Calderan Correa ◽  
Gabriela Araújo Barros Lima e Silva ◽  
Leonardo Nogueira Tavares ◽  
Ricardo Correa de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Antonio Aparecido Celoria
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Orofacial Harmonization (HOF) that has already been recognized as a dental specialty by the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) through the resolution CFO-198/2019, has been showing considerable advances in health promotion and reestablishment of a complete physical, mental and social well-being of the individual. Also, it makes efforts in an attempt to strengthen and improve the biosafety protocols presented by the World Health Organization (WHO). The undertakings carried out by the government and health authorities are notorious in an attempt to adapt to the new reality presented by this pandemic caused by COVID-19. However, we cannot deny the negligence of these same authorities of not inserting this specialty as part of the essential care for the population, as the HOF is able of providing numerous benefits, as well as the dentist who was left in the gloom in its origin as a health promoting agent. In the present study, updated biosafety protocols will be shown, and also the importance of adding the inherent technologies of HOF and all the knowledge and proficiency of dentistry professionals in an attempt to concretize the real concept of health, benefiting the population that is desolated and terrified in this new post-COVID world.

scholarly journals Zdrave postavke / postavke za promicanja zdravlja

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Irena Kovačević ◽  
Sanja Ledinski Fičko ◽  
Adriano Friganović ◽  
Boris Ilić ◽  
Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

In addition to genetic factors, human health is influ¬enced by many other exogenous factors: environ¬mental set-up, housing conditions, education, public services, social security, protection of people, etc. Health improvement and the creation of potentials for good health before health problems and vulner¬ability appear are the fundamental determinants of health promotion. The World Health Organization advocates health promotion and providing healthy surroundings that would allow the maximal expression of all human potentials (mental, physical, social, spiritual). The aim of this article was to examine the association of environmental factors that affect mental and physical health. By a series of public health pro¬grams, there is an attempt to preserve health from the earliest beginning of life – from its conceivement. Negative environmental factors present in the early phases of childhood may produce far-reaching consequences for the entire life. Critical groups include elderly people, homeless, migrants, persons with special needs and those living on the margin of poverty. The reorientation of the health system is necessary, so that its focus is moved toward the individual and community, and to strengthen the culture oriented to health and prevention, not to disease. The coop¬eration and linking inside the sector and with other sectors by the creation of partnerships and networks is unavoidable. There are many examples of the Healthy Cities project that contributed to the wellbeing of citizens on the level of city administration.

Social adversity and suicide

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
pp. 630-630
Author(s):  
E. Olié
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Social Pain ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

The World Health Organization estimates about 1.5 million deaths by suicide per year worldwide by 2020. We will discuss how social adversity and psychological/social pain interact in this model and help to better understand suicidal process at individual level.Émile Durkheim [1] viewed suicide as a social fact. According to his theory the variations in suicidal rate on a macro-level could also be explained by society-scale phenomena rather than individual's feelings and motivations. In the 21st century, three major points have to be highlighted to underline a possible relationship between economic crisis and suicide:– suicide rate of employees is becoming more similar to the suicide rate of workers while working conditions are getting worse;– increase of suicide rate for young working men was observed since 1970, i.e. the beginning of oil crisis;– suicides in workplace occur, sometimes serial suicides in (inter)national companies. Nowadays, suicidal acts may be best understood within a stress-vulnerability model, where it is assumed that only vulnerable patients, when submitted to environmental stressors, will kill themselves.At the individual level, the transition to the suicidal act is usually precipitated by psychosocial stress. Nearly all suicide victims have experienced at least one or more adverse life event within 1 year of death (concentrated in last few months). Interpersonal conflict was at the greatest risk of suicidal act [2]. Being excluded or rejected signals a threat for which reflexive detection in the form of pain and distress is adaptive for survival [3]. Thus, we assume that social pain should be considered as a subtype of psychological pain emerging from the threat of affiliation. Unbearable pain, particularly psychological pain, is a frequent theme of suicide notes. Thus, suicidal acts should be considered as the expression of an attempt to escape from this psychological suffering.

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document