scholarly journals Pneumonia in rural Malawians under five years old: Treatment outcomes and clinical predictors of death on admission

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper M. Lutala ◽  
Suzgo Mzumara ◽  
Maurice Mlenga ◽  
Raphael Talipu ◽  
Eric Kasagila
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: High mortality and disability due to pneumonia occur worldwide. The introduction of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Malawi brought with it hope of an improvement in the outcome of pneumonia. However, the risk of death and treatment outcomes remain unknown in many districts.Method: The medical records of 466 consecutive patients admitted to the Mchinji District Hospital from January 2004 to January 2006 whose disease met the World Health Organization criteria for pneumonia were reviewed. Data were collected from forms that had been filled out and different treatment outcomes and determinants of death were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Of the 466 patients, 62.7% completed treatment, 15.9% had unknown outcomes, 12.9% died, 8.4% were lost to follow-up, 0.8% failed to improve with treatment, and 0.4% were transferred to other facilities. Independent predictors of death were: age less than 2 years, female sex, history of pneumonia, chest retractions, type of pneumonia, and central cyanosis.Conclusion: A high proportion of deaths and unknown outcomes occurred among participants. Young age, female sex, history of pneumonia, chest retractions and central cyanosis were associated with death. Mortality from pneumonia may be reduced by close monitoring of these risk factors and by improving health education programmes and communicating these findings to parents and health workers. Further investigations of local reasons for high rates of unknown/unreported outcomes are welcomed.

scholarly journals SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN A PADA ANAK DIARE USIA 12– 59 BULAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Latifah Susilowati ◽  
Masta Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Case Group ◽  
District Health ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Diarrhea is the leading cause of infant mortality in Indonesia. Data from the Bantul District Health Office showed that the diarrhea morbidity rate in 2015 was 4.57 per 1000 population. World Health Organization launched program to reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia and diarrhea by recommending supplementation of vitamin A as an effort to maintain health since baby was born. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of vitamin A supplementation with the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 12 - 59 months in Kasihan 1 Public Health Center. This study was used case control design with a retrospective approach. The number of control and case group were 44 children of each. Researcher collected data of children aged 12 - 59 months who suffered diarrhea last 6 months then conducted a home visit to ask about the history of vitamin A supplementation in children. There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin A supplementation and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 12 - 59 months. Health workers especially nurses need to increase public awareness of vitamin A supplementation to children under five years old as a form of support for government program to prevent diarrhea.

scholarly journals Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): an innovative vision for child health care

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Benguigui
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Health Organization

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), Panamerican Health Organization (PAHO) and the United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF), joint experiences of previous frequent diseases programs in children, with prevention and health promotion activities. In this new approach the family, the community and health workers have a leading role in health condition of the child. The strategy aims a reduction in Infant Mortality Rate, specially in those regions and countries in which it is high. Pneumonia, diarrhea, malnutrition and other preventable diseases are the main causes of deaths in this settings. Health workers can early recognized danger signs of severe diseases, as well as they can evaluate and treat the most frequent health problems. By enhancing prevention and health promotion activities, as better conditions of life, giving an holistic vision of the child and his family, and not only looking for the symptom that motivate the consultation.

scholarly journals FACTORS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE EVENENCE OF THE PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN MATERNITY MOTHER IN SAYANG HOSPITAL, CIANJUR CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Rahmawati .
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Premature rupture of membranes is rupture of membranes before there are signs of labor and after waiting for an hour before the start of labor. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 there were 303,000 women died during childbirth and as many as 20% caused by premature rupture of membranes. The incidence of maternity with premature rupture of membranes in Sayang Hospital Cianjur in 2016 was 1151 maternity with premature rupture of membranes from 6814 births while in 2017 there were 1272 births with premature rupture of 5887 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age, parity, education, and history of premature rupture of membranes. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age with a P value = 0.008 OR value of 0.556. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with parity with a P value = 0,000 OR value of 3.336. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with education with a P value = 0.001 OR value of 2.431. Statistical test results obtained that there is no relationship between premature rupture of membranes with a history of premature rupture of membranes with a P value = 0.949 OR value of 2.431. It is recommended for health workers to increase their preventive efforts so that pregnant women get clear information about premature rupture of membranes and anticipate problems that can arise in labor

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PELAKSANAAN INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI (IMD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Safrina ◽  
Tengku Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have recommended that children start breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life (no food or other fluids are given). , including water) (UNICEF & WHO, 2018). An estimated 78 million babies - or three in five babies - are not breastfed in the first hour of life. This puts them at a higher risk of death and disease and makes them less likely to continue breastfeeding (World Health Organization, 2018a). Data from WHO shows that only 40% of infants have received early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD). WHO itself targets that by 2030 70% of infants have received early initiation of breastfeeding (WHO & UNICEF, 2018). The type of research used is descriptive, namely research that clearly describes the variables studied without doing statistical tests. This research was conducted at BPM Pematangsiantar City. The study was conducted in March 2021 with a sample size of 29 people. The sampling method in this study was non-probability sampling, namely by consecutive sampling. The description of the IMD implementation shows that the majority of respondents are aged 20-35 years (65.5%) and the least is <20 years old (6.9), the highest parity is 3 (34.5%) and the least parity is 5 (6.9%). ), all respondents gave birth at term pregnancy (100%), and all respondents did early initiation of breastfeeding (100%) while the implementation of IMD was mostly carried out immediately after birth (89.7%) and the longest IMD implementation was between 30 minutes to 30 minutes. d 1 hour (69%) but there are also those who carry out IMD less than 30 minutes (10.3%). Type of Research Analytical survey with cross sectional design. It is hoped that health workers will carry out an IMD in every delivery immediately after the baby is born and the need for husband and family support in accompanying the delivery process in carrying out IMD.

scholarly journals Associated Factors of the Results of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Makassar City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005
Author(s):  
Syahridha Syahridha ◽  
Nasrum Massi ◽  
Ahyar Ahmad ◽  
Irawaty Djaharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: A regimen directly observed treatment-short course is recommended by the World Health Organization as a strategy for controlling tuberculosis (TB). AIM: This treatment was carried out for 6 months despite the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors associated with the treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB undergoing treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the research target was Category I pulmonary TB patients. METHOD: The type of research was observational analytic with a cohort study design. This research was conducted at the Pulmonary Center in October 2020-May 2021 involved 62 samples. RESULTS: About 75.8% (47 respondents) successfully treated and 24.2% (15 respondents) decided unsuccessful. There was a significant association between diabetes status (p = 0.014), anemia status (p = 0.035), knowledge of TB (p = 0.009), knowledge of COVID-19 (p = 0.014), and family history of COVID-19 exposure (p = 0.011) to the treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB treatment during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: Associated factors to the outcome of treatment for pulmonary TB patients undergoing TB treatment during a pandemic included diabetes mellitus status, anemia status, knowledge of TB, knowledge of COVID-19, and family history of exposure to COVID-19.

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Ca Serviks Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Ca Serviks Di Sma Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Kurniati Yuni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Birth Control Pills ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT   According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer in develoving countries. In Indonesia, new cases of cervical cancer is 40-45 cases of day. It is estimated every hour, a women died of cervical center. At the general hospital center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, the incidence of women who had cervical cancer incidence year 2011 women who had cervical cancer incidence are 34 people (48,2%). The following factors increase the chance of cervical cancer in women is infection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), sexsual behavior, family history of cervical cancer, age, mechanism of how oral contraceptives, smoking, income or socioeconomic status, race , unhealthy diet, the cell abnormal, parity, use of the drug DES (Dietilsbestrol), and birth control pills. The purpose of this study is known of adolescents about cervical cancer in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang year 2016. This study used Analytic Survey with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all young women students in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang with the number of 171 respondents. The results showed there were 171 respondents (37.5%) of respondents were knowledgeable, and (62.52%) of respondents who are knowledgeable unfavorable. These results indicate that knowledgeable either less than those less knowledgeable in both the SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Year 2016. From these results, it is expected that more teens can know about cervical cancer so that it can add a lot of insight and knowledge.     ABSTRAK   Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO), setiap dua menit wanita meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks dinegara berkembang. Di Indonesia, kasus baru kanker serviks 40-45 kasus perhari. Di perkirakan setiap satu jam, seorang perempuan meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks. Di rumah sakit umum pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, angka kejadian ibu yang mengalami kanker serviks pada tahun 2011 ibu yang mengalami kejadian kanker serviks terdapat 34 orang (48,2%). Faktor-faktor berikut meningkat kan peluang kanker serviks pada wanita yaitu infeksi Human Papiloma virus (HPV), perilaku seks, riwayat keluarga kanker serviks, umur ,mekanisme bagaimana kontrasepsi peroral, merokok, pendapatan atau status social ekonomi, ras, diet tidak sehat, adanya sel abnormal, paritas, menggunakan obat DES (Dietilsbestrol),dan pil KB. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Diketahuinya pengetahuan remaja tentang Ca Cerviks di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey  analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswi remaja putri di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang dengan jumlah 171 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 171 responden terdapat(37.5 %) responden yang berpengetahuan baik, dan (62.52  %) responden yang berpengetahuan kurang baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa yang berpengetahuan baik lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan  yang berpengetahuan kurang baik di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Dari hasil penelitian ini, Diharapkan remaja bisa lebih banyak mengetahui tentang caserviks sehingga dapat menambah banyak wawasan dan pengetahuan.    

A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control: Getting Concrete about Its Contents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robin ROOM ◽  
Jenny CISNEROS ÖRNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

This article proposes and discusses the text of a Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, which would serve public health and welfare interests. The history of alcohol’s omission from current drug treaties is briefly discussed. The paper spells out what should be covered in the treaty, using text adapted primarily from the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but for the control of trade from the 1961 narcotic drugs treaty. While the draft provides for the treaty to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization, other auspices are possible. Excluding alcohol industry interests from the negotiation of the treaty is noted as an important precondition. The articles in the draft treaty and their purposes are briefly described, and the divergences from the tobacco treaty are described and justified. The text of the draft treaty is provided as Supplementary Material. Specification of concrete provisions in a draft convention points the way towards more effective global actions and agreements on alcohol control, whatever form they take.

scholarly journals Death of the King: The Introduction of Vaccination into Nepal in 1816

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Heydon
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Communicable Disease Control ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Colonial Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Eradication ◽  
Health Organization

This article explores the introduction of smallpox vaccination into Nepal in 1816 at the request of the Nepalese government; the king, however, was not vaccinated, contracted the disease and died. British hopes that vaccination would be extended throughout the country did not eventuate. The article examines the significance of this early appearance of vaccination in Nepal for both Nepalese and British, and relates it to the longer history of smallpox control and eventual eradication. When the Nepalese requested World Health Organization (WHO) assistance with communicable disease control in the mid-twentieth century little had changed for most Nepalese. We know about the events in 1816 through the letters of the newly imposed British Resident after Nepal’s military defeat in the Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16). By also drawing on other sources and foregrounding Nepal, it becomes possible to build up a more extensive picture of smallpox in Nepal that shows not only boundaries and limits to colonial authority and influence but also how governments may adopt and use technologies on their own terms and for their own purposes. Linking 1816 to the ultimately successful global eradication programme 150 years later reminds us of the need to think longer term as to why policies and programmes may or may not work as planned.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Bleeding and the Factors That Influence Its Development among Patients Admitted With Dengue Fever

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Krishna Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Namrata KC ◽  
T Koirala ◽  
A Bhatttarai
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Dengue virus is now classified as a major global health threat by the World Health Organization. Bleeding is a common complication and is one of the most feared. There is an increase incidence in the adult population, hence, the focus of this study.Objectives: To determine the incidence of bleeding and the factors that influence its development among patients admitted with dengue fever at Fatima Medical Center, Phillipines from January 2009 to December 2011.Methods: This is a case control study using chart review. The incidence of bleeding is calculated using risk ratio. Factors affecting bleeding are determined using chi square for qualitative variables and T-test or ANOVA for quantitative variables. Simultaneous determination of factors association with bleeding will be analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Level of significance will be set at alpha = 0.05.Results: The female sex is significantly more prone to develop bleeding (p=0.044). There is no significant increase in bleeding in patients who have co-morbidities (p=0.447). In every one unit increase in WBC (1 x 109) the odds of bleeding decrease by 15%. For every one unit increase in hematocrit the odds of bleeding decreases by 6.8%. For every one unit increase in platelet count the odds of bleeding decreases by 3% that is every 10 unit increase in platelet count the odds of bleeding decrease by 22.9%.Conclusions: Female sex, a low initial WBC and platelet count will increase a patient’s propensity to develop bleeding.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, page: 23-28

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