scholarly journals Antifouling activity of twelve demosponges from Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM. Ribeiro ◽  
R. Rogers ◽  
AC. Rubem ◽  
BAP. Da Gama ◽  
G. Muricy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perna Perna ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Aplysina Fulva ◽  
Leading Compounds ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Polymastia Janeirensis

Benthic marine organisms are constantly exposed to fouling, which is harmful to most host species. Thus, the production of secondary metabolites containing antifouling properties is an important ecological advantage for sessile organisms and may also provide leading compounds for the development of antifouling paints. High antifouling potential of sponges has been demonstrated in the Indian and Pacific oceans and in the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas. Brazilian sponges remain understudied concerning antifouling activities. Only two scientific articles reported this activity in sponges of Brazil. The objective of this study was to test crude extracts of twelve species of sponges from Brazil against the attachment of the mussel Perna perna through laboratorial assays, and highlight promising species for future studies. The species Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp., Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra, and Tethya maza were frozen and freeze-dried before extraction with acetone or dichloromethane. The crude extract of four species significantly inhibited the attachment of byssus: Tethya rubra (p = 0.0009), Tethya maza (p = 0.0039), Petromica citrina (p = 0.0277), and Hymeniacidon heliophila (p = 0.00003). These species, specially, should be the target of future studies to detail the substances involved in the ability antifouling well as to define its amplitude of action.

scholarly journals Identifying Users’ Requirements for Emergency Mapping Team Operations in the Dominican Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Gregorio Rosario Michel ◽  
Santiago Muñoz Tapia ◽  
Fernando Manzano Aybar ◽  
Vladimir Guzmán Javier ◽  
Joep Crompvoets
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, a growing number of stakeholders have been taking part in the generation and delivery of geospatial information and services to reduce the impact of severe natural disasters on the communities. This is mainly due to a huge demand for accurate, current and relevant knowledge about the impacted areas for a wide range of applications in risk-informed decision makings. The aim of this paper is to identify users’ requirements for emergency mapping team (EMT) operations in the Dominican Republic (DR). An online survey was applied to collect data from key users involved in the Inter-Institutional Geospatial Information Team in DR. Our findings suggest a set of users’ requirements for EMT operations: (1) standardization; (2) establishing and maintaining a spatial data infrastructure; (3) partnership; (4) effective communication among stakeholders; and (5) capacity building. A better understanding of the users’ requirements and the associated information workflows will lead to a superior level of readiness for EMT operations in DR. This knowledge will support future studies/practices at the local and national levels in the Caribbean region, which share similar challenges in terms of natural hazards and development issues.

scholarly journals Biocides in Antifouling Paint Formulations Currently Registered For Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Paz-Villarraga ◽  
Ítalo Braga Castro ◽  
Gilberto Fillmann
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Antifouling Paint ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Zinc Pyrithione ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Fouling Organisms

Abstract Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released into the aquatic environments also affecting several non-target organisms and, thus, compromising ecosystems. Despite global efforts to investigate the environment occurrence and toxicity of biocides currently used in antifouling paints, the specific active ingredients that have been used in commercial products are poorly known. Thus, the present study assessed the frequencies of occurrence and relative concentrations of biocides in antifouling paint formulations registered for marketing worldwide. The main data were obtained from databases of governmental agencies, business associations and safety data sheets from paint manufacturers around the world. Results pointed out for 25 active ingredients currently used as biocides, where up to six biocides have been simultaneously used in the examined formulations. Cuprous oxide, copper pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, zineb, DCOIT and cuprous thiocyanate were the most frequently ones, with mean relative concentrations of 35.9±12.8 %, 2.9±1.6 %, 4.0±5.3 %, 5.4±2.0 %, 1.9±1.9 % and 18.1±8.0 % (w/w) of respective biocide present in the antifouling paint formulations. Surprisingly, antifouling paints containing TBT as active ingredient are still being registered for commercialization nowadays. These results can be applied as a proxy of biocides that are possibly being used by antifouling systems and, consequently, released into the aquatic environment, which can help to prioritize the active ingredients that should be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Antifouling Activity of Halogenated Compounds Derived from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius: Potential for the Development of Environmentally Friendly Solutions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Maxence Quémener ◽  
Stefanos Kikionis ◽  
Marilyne Fauchon ◽  
Yannick Toueix ◽  
Fanny Aulanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adhesion Process

Nowadays, biofouling is responsible for enormous economic losses in the maritime sector, and its treatment with conventional antifouling paints is causing significant problems to the environment. Biomimetism and green chemistry approaches are very promising research strategies for the discovery of new antifouling compounds. This study focused on the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, which is known as a producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. Fifteen compounds, including bromosphaerol (1), were tested against key marine biofoulers (five marine bacteria and three microalgae) and two enzymes associated with the adhesion process in macroalgae and invertebrates. Each metabolite presented antifouling activity against at least one organism/enzyme. This investigation also revealed that two compounds, sphaerococcinol A (4) and 14R-hydroxy-13,14-dihydro-sphaerococcinol A (5), were the most potent compounds without toxicity towards oyster larvae used as non-target organisms. These compounds are of high potential as they are active towards key biofoulers and could be produced by a cultivable alga, a fact that is important from the green chemistry point of view.

Antifouling activity of marine sessile organisms from China against barnacle settlement

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danqing Feng ◽  
Caihuan Ke ◽  
Changyi Lu ◽  
Shaojing Li
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bugula Neritina ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Settlement Inhibition ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antifouling activity of a series of hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts from 11 species of marine sessile organisms collected from the south-east coast of China was investigated. Settlement inhibition of cyprid larvae of the barnacleBalanus albicostatuswas used to evaluate their antifouling efficacy. Screening of the 44 extracts showed antifouling activity in 90.9% of the hexane extracts followed by 90.9% of the ethyl acetate, 72.7% of the ethanol and 36.4% of the aqueous extracts. The hexane extracts ofTubularia mesembryanthemum, Notarcus leachii cirrosusandStyela canopus, the ethyl acetate extracts ofBugula neritinaandN. leachii cirrosus,and the ethanol extracts of B. neritinaandAnthopleura sp.were the most active in inhibiting the settlement ofB. albicostatus, with EC50values all below 50 μg/ml. At least one of the four extracts of each tested species exhibited antifouling activity, suggesting that all 11 marine sessile organisms contained antifouling substances and they may have evolved chemical defences against biofouling on their surfaces.

scholarly journals Antifouling activity of seaweed extracts from Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Elias Medeiros ◽  
Bernardo Antonio Perez da Gama ◽  
Gianfranco Gallerani
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fouling Organism ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Brown Mussel ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Activity Spectrum

Marine biofouling historically constitutes one of the major constraints faced by mankind in its oceanic activities. The search for alternatives to TBT-based antifouling paints has led several researchers to focus efforts in the development of environmentally friendly natural compounds. This work has contributed with this search, testing the antifouling potential of crude organic extracts from four seaweed species collected at Praia Branca, Guarujá district, São Paulo, Brazil. Throughout laboratory antifouling assays in which the attachment of a common fouling organism, the brown mussel Perna perna, was employed, antifouling activity (p < 0.05) was detected in natural concentrations of the extracts of Jania rubens (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) and Bryothamnion seaforthii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales), while Dictyopteris delicatula (Phaeophyta, Dictyotales) and Heterosiphonia gibbesii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) did not exhibit fouling inhibition. From the algae that exhibited antifouling activity, J. rubens presented best performance when compared to that of B. seaforthii. Future field studies would be necessary to obtain results that can better reflect natural conditions, as well as to assess the activity spectrum of the antifouling activity presently recorded. Further bioassay-guided purification of the active extracts can lead to new alternatives to the metal-based antifouling paints currently in use.

scholarly journals Characterization of two microsatellite PCR multiplexes for high throughput genotyping of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Truelove ◽  
Donald Behringer ◽  
Mark Butler IV ◽  
Richard F Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Panulirus Argus ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Microsatellite Multiplex

The spiny lobster Panulirus argus supports one of the most economically important commercial fisheries in the Caribbean, yet its sustainable management is problematic due to uncertainty regarding levels of population connectivity among Caribbean nations. We developed two microsatellite multiplex panels for P. argus to assist in future conservation genetics research studies of this important Caribbean species. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed at locus Par7 in multiplex 1 and loci Fwc08 and Fwc17 in multiplex 2. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was observed. All 12 loci were used in both microsatellite multiplexes were polymorphic, with an average of 12 alleles per locus (ranging from 3 to 29 alleles per locus) and HO ranging from 0.368 to 0.921. These two microsatellite multiplexes will be a valuable resource for ongoing and future studies of conservation genetics in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.

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