Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP)

This is the first study about galls, gall makers and associated fauna of the Ecological Station of Jataí. Galls are plant structures formed by abnormal growth of cells, tissues or organs induced by several organisms, as fungous, nematoids and insects. Five areas of the conservation unity, two in the phytophysionomy of cerrado in regeneration and three in the cerradão area were studied, totalizing 69 morphotypes of galls on 41 host species from 24 families. This is the first record of Annonaceae as the richest family in morphotypes in Brazil; 34 gall makers and associated fauna were identified, which 23 Diptera (67.4%), eight Hymenoptera (23.5%), two Hemiptera (5.8%) and one Thysanoptera (2.9%). Were described 41 new morphotypes of gall and made the first characterization of gall on Maprounea guianensis Aubl., Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev., Strychnosbicolor Progel, Eriotheca gracilipes K. Schum., Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth., Broyesum gaudichaudii Trécul, Psychotria suterella Müll. Arg., Psychotria trichophora Müll. Arg. and Serjania erecta Radlk.

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Insect galls of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil)

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032013000400017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 164-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Valéria Cid Maia

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Host Species ◽

Associated Fauna ◽

Insect Galls ◽

Plant Organ ◽

Aerial Roots ◽

Plant Families ◽

First Time

Six localities of São Tomé das Letras (MG, Brazil) were investigated from September, 2011 to June, 2012. The local vegetation was examined in search of insect galls. A total of 152 morphotypes of insect galls were found on 94 plant species (74 genera and 37 families). Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, and Asteraceae were the plant families with the greatest richness of galls, with 20, 18, 17, and 12 gall morphotypes, respectively. The super host genera were Copaifera L. (Fabaceae), Myrcia DC. ex. Guill. (Myrtaceae), and Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae), with 10, 10 and 09 gall morphotypes, respectively. The super host species was Copaifera cf.langsdorfii Desf. (Fabaceae), with 10 gall morphotypes. Galls were found on leaves, stems, buds, and aerial roots. Leaves were the most galled plant organ, followed by stems, and buds. The inducers belong to Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera, being Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) the most frequent and diversified gallers. The associated fauna included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera), successors (Formicidae, Hymenoptera), and predators (pseudoscorpion), obtained from 18, 02, 02, and 01 gall morphotype, respectively. Ten galling species are recorded for the first time in São Tomé das Letras (MG). The present study indicates São Tomé das Letras (MG) as an area of great richness of insect galls.

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Characterization of insect galls, gall makers, and associated fauna of Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil)

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032011000400003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 37-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Valéria Cid Maia

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Associated Fauna ◽

Insect Galls ◽

Plant Family ◽

Galling Insects

Seventy six morphotypes of insect galls were found on 38 plant species and one subspecies distributed among 27 genera and 22 families in Platô Bacaba (Porto de Trombetas, Pará, Brazil). The majority of these galls (about 80%) occurred on leaves and 20% on stems. Burseraceae was the plant family with the greatest number of gall morphotypes (N = 23), followed by Fabaceae (N = 11) and Melastomataceae (N = 6). Protium Burm. f. (N = 17), Inga Miller (N = 8), and Tetragastris Gaertn (N = 6) were the plant genera, and Protium sagotianum Marchand (N = 7), Tetragastris panamensis (N = 6), and Miconia stenostachya DC. (N = 5) were the plant species that supported the highest diversity of galls. The galling inducers belong to Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) and Lepidoptera orders. Galls of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera were not found. This study adds evidences that Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) are the most frequent galling insects in different zoogeographical regions.

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Insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado stricto sensu vegetation in Caetité, Bahia, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leir Guimarães Vieira ◽

Ravena Malheiros Nogueira ◽

Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽

Sheila Patrícia Carvalho-Fernandes ◽

Juliana Santos Silva

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Host Species ◽

Insect Species ◽

Associated Fauna ◽

Insect Galls ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Plant Families ◽

First Time

Abstract: We investigated insect galls in Rupestrian field and Cerrado vegetation in the municipality of Caetité (BA), Brazil, between August/2015 and June/2016. This is the first study of gall diversity in Rupestrian field vegetation in that state. We encountered 48 different morphotypes of galls, distributed among 17 different plant species belonging to 13 genera and 21 host plant families. The greatest gall richness was observed in Cerrado (n=39) as compared to Rupestrian field (n=9) vegetation. The principal botanical families observed with galls were Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, and Myrtaceae, with 10, 8 and 4 morphotypes, respectively. The genera showing the greatest gall diversity were Copaifera L. (n=6) (Leguminosae-Detarioideae), Croton L. (n=2) (Euphorbiaceae), Mimosa L. (n=2) (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), Byrsonima Rich. ex Kunth (n=2) (Malpighiaceae), and Eugenia L. (n=2) (Myrtaceae). The super-host species was Copaifera sabulicola J.A.S. Costa & L.P. Queiroz (n= 5). Most galls occurred on leaves, being globoid, glabrous, isolated, and unilocular. Most gall-inducing insect species belong to the Cecidomyiidae family, while the associated fauna was represented by Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. We recorded here for the first time galls on Ocotea velutina (Mart. ex Ness) Rohwer (Lauraceae) and Miconia alborufescens Naudin (Melastomataceae). The results indicate the need for more studies to understand the dynamics of the insect-induced galls in Rupestrian field.

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Characterization of Gnomoniopsis idaeicola, the Causal Agent of Canker and Wilting of Blackberry in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-18-0516-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 249-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miloš Stevanović ◽

Danijela Ristić ◽

Svetlana Živković ◽

Goran Aleksić ◽

Ivana Stanković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Initial Step ◽

First Record ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Control Measures ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Intraspecies Diversity ◽

Specific Symptoms

Blackberry cane diseases with the symptoms of necrosis, canker, and wilting are caused by several fungi worldwide. Surveys conducted from 2013 to 2016 in Serbia revealed the occurrence of Gnomoniopsis idaeicola, the causal agent of cane canker and wilting, which was found to be distributed in almost half of the surveyed orchards, in three blackberry cultivars, and with disease incidence of up to 80%. Wide distribution and high disease incidence suggest that G. idaeicola has been present in Serbia for some time. Out of 427 samples, a total of 65 G. idaeicola isolates were obtained (isolation rate of 34.19%). Reference isolates, originating from different localities, were conventionally and molecularly identified and characterized. G. idaeicola was detected in single and mixed infections with fungi from genera Paraconiothyrium, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Botryosphaeria, Botrytis, Septoria, Neofusicoccum, and Discostroma, and no diagnostically specific symptoms could be related directly to the G. idaeicola infection. In orchards solely infected with G. idaeicola, blackberry plant mortality was up to 40%, and yield loses were estimated at 50%. G. idaeicola isolates included in this study demonstrated intraspecies diversity in morphological, biological, pathogenic, and molecular features, which indicates that population in Serbia may be of different origin. This is the first record of a massive outbreak of G. idaeicola infection, illustrating its capability of harmful influence on blackberry production. This study represents the initial step in studying G. idaeicola as a new blackberry pathogen in Serbia, aiming at developing efficient control measures.

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Morphology and description of infraciliary bands pattern in four Metadinium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914 species (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4500 (4) ◽

pp. 574 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽

MARIANA FONSECA ROSSI ◽

ISABEL MARTINELE ◽

MARTA D’AGOSTO ◽

ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Morphological Similarity ◽

Type Pattern ◽

Anterior Body ◽

Contractile Vacuoles ◽

Geographical Locations

The genus Metadinium includes ophryoscolecid ciliates, with two retractile ciliary zones in the anterior body portion, two broad skeletal plates, a lobed macronucleus and two contractile vacuoles. Species belonging to this genus were recorded in several geographical locations and in different host species. However, they were mostly described based on a single ciliatological technique, and until now, there is only one description of the infraciliary pattern in Metadinium ciliates (Metadinium medium). The present study performs the morphological and infraciliature characterization of four species belonging to Metadinium: M. esalqum, M. minorum, M. rotundatum and M. ypsilon; and presents taxonomic notes on the genus. The oral infraciliature in these four Metadinium species corresponds to the Diplodinium-type, pattern shared with genera Diplodinium, Diploplastron, Eudiplodinium, Eremoplastron and Polyplastron. A brief review conducted highlights the difficulty of delimiting Metadinium species due to the morphological similarity among them.

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Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Algeria

Phytopathologia Mediterranea ◽

10.36253/phyto-11726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Samia LAALA ◽

Sophie CESBRON ◽

Mohamed KERKOUD ◽

Franco VALENTINI ◽

Zouaoui BOUZNAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

First Record ◽

Black Rot ◽

Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Main Production ◽

Production Areas ◽

Cruciferous Plants ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes the black rot of cruciferous plants. This seed-borne bacterium is considered as the most destructive disease to cruciferous crops. Although sources of contamination are various, seeds are the main source of transmission. Typical symptoms of black rot were first observed in 2011 on cabbage and cauliflower fields in the main production areas of Algeria. Leaf samples displaying typical symptoms were collected during 2011 to 2014, and 170 strains were isolated from 45 commercial fields. Xcc isolates were very homogeneous in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics similar to reference strains, and gave positive pathogenicity and molecular test results (multiplex PCR with specific primers). This is the first record of Xcc in Algeria. Genetic diversity within the isolates was assessed in comparison with strains isolated elsewhere. A multilocus sequence analysis based on two housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoD) was carried out on 77 strains representative isolates. The isolates grouped into 20 haplotypes defined with 68 polymorphic sites. The phylogenetic tree obtained showed that Xcc is in two groups, and all Algerian strains clustered in group 1 in three subgroups. No relationships were detected between haplotypes and the origins of the seed lots, the varieties of host cabbage, the years of isolation and agroclimatic regions.

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Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus Galls

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12110982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 982

Author(s):

Xue-Mei Yang ◽

Yu Hui ◽

Lv-Quan Zhao ◽

Dao-Hong Zhu ◽

Yang Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Community Structure ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Insect Galls ◽

Abnormal Growth ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Galling Insects

Insect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissues induced by a wide variety of galling insects and characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. It remains unclear whether the auxins and cytokinins affect the bacterial community structure of insect galls. We determined the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) as an example of auxin, trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and isopentenyladenine (iP) as cytokinins in Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls and the galled twigs of Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, for the first time, we compared the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls and galled twigs by high-throughput sequencing, and calculated the Spearman correlation and associated degree of significance between the IAA, tZR and iP concentrations and the bacterial community structure. Our results indicated the concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP were higher in L. arcoverticus galls than in galled twigs, and positively correlated with the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls. We suggest the high concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP may affect the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Theloderma moloch (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot of northeast India

Science Vision ◽

10.33493/scivis.17.03.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 148-159

Author(s):

Samuel Lalronunga ◽

C. Lalrinchhana

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

First Record ◽

Northeast India ◽

Biodiversity Hotspot ◽

Arunachal Pradesh ◽

Ne India ◽

Himalayan Foothills ◽

India And China ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Specimens of a rare rhacophorid frog of the genus Theloderma were collected from Hmuifang, Mizoram, India. Based on their morphology and molecular analysis (16S rRNA), the specimens were identified as Theloderma moloch, a rare species previously recorded only from the Himalayan foothills of India and China. The present record significantly extends the known range of the species and is a first record for the state of Mizoram and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The uncorrected p-distance between the specimen from Mizoram, NE India and the specimen from Arunachal Pradesh, India (KU169993) and Tibet, China (KU243081) are 0.0% and 1.2% respectively.

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Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-007-0628-2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 1245-1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S. Alasaad ◽

C. Q. Huang ◽

Q. Y. Li ◽

J. E. Granados ◽

C. García-Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers

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Insect galls on Myrtaceae: richness and distribution in brazilian restingas

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0526 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Valéria Cid Maia

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Single Species ◽

The State ◽

Published Data ◽

Associated Fauna ◽

Insect Galls ◽

Insect Gall ◽

First Time ◽

Internal Chamber

Abstract: Inventories in Brazilian restingas have been indicating that Myrtaceae are the plant family with the greatest richness of insect galls. A compilation of published data plus new records was elaborated with the aim of stablishing the number of gall morphotypes on this family in this physiognomy of the Atlantic Forest, producing a list of galled species, pointing out the predominant gall features, evaluating the taxonomical knowledge of the gallers, listing the associated fauna, and based on host plant endemisms and monophagy proposing the endemism of some galling species. Myrtaceae harbor 111 morphotypes of insect gall (about 75% induced by Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) on 25 host plant species, 15 endemic. Eugenia L. highlights as the plant genus with the highest number of galled species and gall richness. Leaves are the most galled organ. There is a predominance of globoid and fusiform shapes, green color, glabrous surface and a single internal chamber. The taxonomical data on gallers is deficient as many records have been presented at supraspecific levels. The associated fauna is rich and includes parasitoids, inquilines and predators. Twelve species of Cecidomyiidae, a single species of Curculionidae (Coleoptera) and one species of Eriococcidae (Hemiptera) have been associated exclusively with endemic hosts and then are proposed in the present study as endemic too. The geographical distribution of many galls and respective gallers are restricted to the State of Rio de Janeiro, where most inventories have been carried out. For the first time, Eugeniamyia dispar, previously known from a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul and restinga areas of São Paulo, is recorded in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

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