scholarly journals Forest restoration by different nucleation techniques in Urochloa grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosimeri de Oliveira Fragoso ◽  
Antonio Aparecido Carpanezzi ◽  
Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Dense Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Over Time

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of brushwood, black plastic mulch, herbicide, and artificial perch on the natural regeneration of native species in Urochloa grassland. The experiment was conducted between February 2014 and February 2016 in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest, in the municipality of Morretes, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The treatments were: herbicide, herbicide + perch, black plastic mulch, black plastic mulch + perch, brushwood + herbicide, brushwood + herbicide + perch, and a control treatment. The evaluations were carried out at 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months after the installation of the experiment, by counting and identifying regenerating woody species and estimating visually the percentage of herbaceous coverage. Initially, brushwood and black plastic mulch reduced the Urochloa grasses; however, this effect was lost over time due to the rapid growth of the grasses from the edges to the center of the plots. The use of perches in the treatments does not allow a significant increase of other species because of the continued inhibiting conditions for the establishment of seedlings. The herbicide is effective in removing the grasses; however, the recruitment of woody species is only satisfactory when perches are used to attract the dispersing fauna. For a successful ecological restoration of pastures, there is a need for the local elimination of Urochloa grasses.

scholarly journals FORESTRY RESTORATION IN ABANDONED PASTURES OF Urochloa BY DIFFERENT SIZES OF BRUSHWOOD

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosimeri de Oliveira Fragoso ◽  
Antonio Aparecido Carpanezzi ◽  
Katia Christina Zuffellato- Ribas ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Safe Sites ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The brushwood is a technique of environmental complexation, which consists in the use of plant residues. This technique, when well established technically, can exert influence on seedbed quality, fostering native plant establishment and ecosystem restoration. In this way, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of brushwood for the induction of natural regeneration of native species in an area covered by exotic inhibitory grasses of the genus Urochloa, as well as check the minimum size required to prevent the re-invasion of the forage. As a hypothesis, we adopted the minimum width of 4 m as sufficient for the establishment of natural regeneration prior to the reoccupation of grasses. The experiment was conducted between May 2014 and May 2016 in Morretes-PR in a lowland evergreen rain forest area. Seven different sizes of brushwood were compared: 6 x 1, 6 x 2, 6 x 3, 6 x 4, 6 x 5, 6 x 6 m and control treatment. Woody species were identified and counted and herbaceous cover percentage estimated after 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months. There was no resumption of natural succession of native species. At any size, brushwood alone was ineffective to prevent the growth by grasses from the edges of the plots, and, since it constitutes a residue pile, it further complicates the establishment of woody species. For the creation of safe sites and consequent restoration by natural regeneration, there is a need for local elimination of Urochloa forages, without which native species are unlikely to survive.

scholarly journals Influência da precipitação pluviométrica na regeneração natural em trecho de uma floresta ombrófila densa aluvial (Influence of rainfall in natural regeneration in a dense ombrophylous forest alluvial in eastern amazona, Pará, Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Millena Vasconcelos Pantoja ◽  
Maria Aurora Santos da Mota ◽  
Mário Augusto Jardim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Internal Precipitation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Dense Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Floristic Structure

R E S U M OO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da precipitação interna sobre a composição e estrutura da regeneração natural em um trecho de floresta ombrófila densa aluvial no estuário amazônico. Os dados foram coletados de fevereiro a julho de 2016, em quatro parcelas de 20 x 20m, subdivididas em subparcelas de 1 x 1m para análise da composição florística e estrutural da regeneração e instalados 11 pluviômetros para amostragem da precipitação. Houve pouca variação na quantidade de indivíduos, famílias, gêneros e espécies entre o período chuvoso e o menos chuvoso.  Pariana campestris Aubl., Anthurium sinuatum Benth. ex, Schott, Costus arabicus L. e Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. foram mais representativas devido aos impactos antrópicos na área. Conclui-se que não houve influência da precipitação interna na abundância e na riqueza de espécies da regeneração natural.Palavras-chave: Floresta de várzea; florística; estrutura.  A B S T R A C T The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of internal precipitation on the composition and structure of natural regeneration in an alluvial dense ombrophilous forest in the Amazonian estuary. The data were collected from february to july 2016, in four 20 x 20m plots, subdivided into 1x1m subplots to analyze the floristic and structural composition of the regeneration and using 11 pluviometers to sample the precipitation. There was little variation in the number of individuals, families, genera and species between the rainy season and the less rainy season. Pariana campestris Aubl., Anthurium sinuatum Benth. Schott, Costus arabicus L. and Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. were more representative due to anthropic impacts on the area. It was concluded that there was no influence of internal precipitation on the abundance and richness of natural regeneration species.Keywords: Floodplain forest, Floristic, Structure. 

scholarly journals Weed Control in Tomato through Mulching Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zabihullah Rahmani ◽  
Shah Mahmoud Faqiri ◽  
Ahmad Jawid Muradi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to evaluate effect of different types of mulches on weed control and yield of tomato in the farm of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Department were conducted in the year 2019. The method for study is completely randomized block design with three replications and four treatments such as transparent plastic, black plastic, barley straw and control (without mulch). According to the study, the control treatment, black plastic mulches were a significant effect on the number of weeds and yield of tomatoes. The maximum yields were 48.05 (ton/ha) in black plastic and the minimum yields were 19 (ton/ha) in control mulch. The present work suggests that the application of different types of mulches can be an effective method to reduce the number of weeds in a tomato farm. The black plastic mulch is recommended due to increase in the yield of tomato and also an effective practice on controlling the weeds.

scholarly journals Forest restoration in the floodplains of the Amazon estuary subjected to intensive açaí management

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosileia da Costa Carvalho ◽  
Lívia de Freitas Navegantes Alves ◽  
Renan do Vale Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ecosystem Conservation ◽  
Amazon Estuary

Abstract The expansion and intensification of açaí management in floodplain forests of the Amazonian estuary have resulted in changes in floristic composition and in biodiversity losses, causing problems to ecosystems and endangering livelihoods of riverine communities. These transformations have prompted the need for forest restoration. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze forest recovery initiatives carried out in floodplain forests previously subjected to intensive açaí management in the Amazonian estuary. Methods included structured interviews and questionnaires. Results reveled the following restoration types: 1) area enrichment: subtype 1 - high floodplain forest (7.89%) and subtype 2 - low floodplain forest (44.75%); 2) directing natural regeneration of native species (34.21%); 3) cultivation of native species (13.15%). Results suggest that forest restoration efforts can promote sustainable production of açaí, productive diversity, ecosystem conservation and generate income for riverine families.

scholarly journals Influences of environmental variables on the natural regeneration in a forest under restoration after bauxite mining and a reference ecosystem in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly de Almeida Silva ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Aurino Miranda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Reference Ecosystem

The shrub-tree floristic compositions of the natural regeneration stratum of a bauxite mine in the process of restoration and in a reference ecosystem (remnant of a preserved secondary Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest) were analysed to evaluate forest restoration conditions five years after planting. The influences of canopy openness, accumulated leaf litter and soil attributes in the regeneration stratum were also investigated in both forests. The floristic composition of the regeneration stratum in the restoration forest and in the reference ecosystem are distinct, due to the difference in the environmental variables. Results showed that the reference ecosystem favours the presence of species that tolerate environments with greater shading and higher aluminium and organic matter content in the soil, while the forest under restoration favours the presence of species adapted to fertile soils and those that tolerate greater luminosity. The restoration actions implanted are making possible the return of native species in bauxite mined area.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Natural Regeneration in a Fragment of Dense Ombrophilous Forest in Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Adão Batista de Araújo ◽  
Djailson Silva da Costa Júnior ◽  
Yana Souza Lopes ◽  
Paullyne Charllotte Gonçalves Celestino ◽  
Anália Carmem Silva de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Dense Ombrophilous Forest

scholarly journals Does woody species with contrasting root architecture require different container size in nursery?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz María De la Fuente ◽  
Juan Francisco Ovalle ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
Rosanna Ginocchio
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Baccharis Linearis

Small containers used in seedlings production of tree species with different root architecture can result in serious constraints for root growth and unsuitable plant quality, with potential impacts on field performance. We compare responses of root morphology to changes in container size and shape in both deep-rooting (Acacia caven) and shallow-rooting (Baccharis linearis) species, both commonly used in active restoration plans in central Chile. For both species, seedlings were cultivated in four different PVC container-types varying in size (440 mL and 880 mL) and shape ([10, 20, 35, and 45] cm in length), and a control treatment that consists in the commonly container-type used in Chilean nurseries (440 mL black polyethylene bag). Seedlings were cultivated for one growing season under controlled conditions and a set of above- and belowground morphological parameters were evaluated. A second short experiment was performed afterwards to evaluate potential seedling quality through the root growth potential (RGP) test. Results showed that an increase in container volume differently affected morphological parameters of A. caven and B. linearis seedlings. The control treatment had high presence of spiral roots for the deep-rooting species, restricting normal root growth. For both species, elongated containers (>35 cm) produced seedlings with smaller shoots with longer root systems and without deformations in the taproot or main root. Elongated containers also restarted growth of new roots more deeply in the container as result of the RGP test. We concluded that contrasting root architecture of native species require different container size in nursery to promote an adequate root development and growth.

scholarly journals Nutritional Efficiency of Forest Species in Natural Regeneration of Tropical Forest in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Roseane Silva ◽  
Ana Feliciano ◽  
Luiz Marangon ◽  
Maria Freire ◽  
Fernando Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Phytosociological Study

The knowledge of the nutritional aspects of native species, mainly in natural regeneration, may be important for understanding their establishment, particularly in areas with low nutrient availability soils, such as tropical soils. This study aimed to determine the biological utilization efficiency (BUE) of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of forest species of natural regeneration in a Lowlands Dense Ombrophilous forest fragment in Pernambuco, Brazil. A phytosociological study of the fragment was carried out and were defined the ten species with the highest absolute density (AD). Three individuals per species were selected. The N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents were determined in the sample leaves of the species, and the foliar biomass was determined “in loco”. Nine individuals of each species were collected according to the following diameter intervals at the base (DBs): DBs<5 cm; 5≤DBs<10 cm and 10≤DBs<15 cm. The content, stock and BUE of nutrients were calculated per species. The BUE of nutrients by species varied according to the following decreasing order: P>Mg>K>Ca>N. The highest BUE of nutrients was of the species Protium heptaphyllum. In tropical soils of low natural fertility, the use of these species can be recommended in environmental reforestation projects. The difference in the nutritional demand of the forest species can indicate the planting of those with greater capacity of absorption and BUE of nutrients, being more efficient in areas of soils with low natural fertility like in the tropical forests.

scholarly journals Nutritional Contribution of Litter in Rainforest of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Rosival B. A. Lima ◽  
Luiz C. Marangon ◽  
Fernando J. Freire ◽  
Ana L. P. Feliciano ◽  
Maria B. G. S. Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Litter Deposition ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
Dense Ombrophilous Forest

Lowlands Dense Ombrophilous Forest is one phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The main ecological characteristic of this forest is the Ombrophilous environment, related to high rainfall and temperature indexes. Nutrient cycling is well balanced in the periods of good thermo-pluviometric distribution. Global climatic changes have been intensifying in recent years making rainfall irregular, changing its distribution and intensity throughout the year. This can affect the natural regeneration and vegetative growth of the species. This study aimed to correlate litterfall and nutrient contribution with climatic variations, identifying the level of importance of this correlation and which nutrients may have their compromised cycling. Literfall was collected monthly in 40 collectors. N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were determined and their stocks were calculated. The litter deposition was 8,261.15 kg ha-1 year-1 and was not influenced by rainfall and temperature. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg stock in this litter was 244.93 kg ha-1 year-1, being stored just of N 113.75 kg ha-1 year-1. P and K stocks varied with rainfall and temperature, suggesting that variations in these climatic variables may interfere in the cycling of these nutrients in this forest fragment.

Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth and Seed Yield of Semialata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SK SRIVASTAVA ◽  
PAWAN JEET
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Black Plastic

A study was conducted to assess the effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on growth and seed yield of Semialata. Two types of plastic mulch (green and silver/black) were tested at three levels of irrigation (120%, 100% and 80%) by drip irrigation and one level (100%) by furrow irrigation. The daily water requirement of Semialata was estimated by the equation ETcrop= ETox crop factor. ETcrop is crop water requirement mm/day. ETo (reference evapotranspiration, mm/day) was calculated by FAO calculator which uses temperature and humidity data. In this experiments there were twelve treatments were considered. The treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid in randomized block design. It was observed that drip irrigation with or without plastic mulch is yielding better results in terms of growth parameters and seed yield as compared to furrow irrigation without plastic mulch. It was also observed that maximum suppression (67.58%) of weeds resulted with drip irrigation and silver/black plastic mulch at 80% level of irrigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document