scholarly journals Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hersília de Andrade e Santos ◽  
Paulo dos Santos Pompeu ◽  
Carlos Barreira Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Time Class ◽  
Swimming Capacity ◽  
Neotropical Ichthyofauna

The fishways built in Latin America were mainly based on those used in the northern hemisphere for passing salmonids upstream. However, the swimming capacity in terms of speed and endurance is a major factor concerning the design of a fishway, and this information is not available for migratory neotropical fish species. Therefore, studies on swimming performance of neotropical species is fundamental. The aim of this study was to estimate the critical, sustained and prolonged speeds for the piau-três-pintas Leporinus reinhardti, and to evaluate the influence of water temperature on the swimming performance of the species. Variable (increasing) and fixed velocity tests were performed in a respirometer. When compared to other species whose critical speed data are available, the piau showed higher speeds, for a given total length. Fatigue times per prolonged speed class were estimated as well as prolonged speed per fatigue time class. The changing point from sustained to prolonged swimming was estimated to occur approximately at a speed of seven body-lengths per second (1.12 m/s for an individual with 16 cm total length: the first maturation length). In spite of the great swimming performance of piau, the adoption of efficient directives in fishway projects to allow the passage of neotropical ichthyofauna, will depend on a more detailed analysis of the swimming capacity of different species.

scholarly journals Swimming performance of the freshwater neotropical fish: Pimelodus maculatus Lacepède, 1803

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA. Santos ◽  
PS. Pompeu ◽  
GS. Vicentini ◽  
CB. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Guidance Systems ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus

The present study used fixed and increasing velocity tests in an experimental apparatus based on Brett's respirometer to examine prolonged and sustained speeds of the "mandi-amarelo", Pimelodus maculatus. When comparing the curves of critical speed versus total length between the mandi and the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, it is observed that for an equal total length, the mandi presents a greater speed, probably due to water temperature differences. The sustained speed for the species was estimated in 5 lengths per second and the percentage of fatigued fish within time in a certain velocity was established. The data raised for the mandi represents an important contribution to the improvement of the handling of the species, providing guidance and criteria for designing several structures, such as fishways, fish screens and guidance systems.

scholarly journals Hydraulic flow resistance of epigean and hypogean fish of the family Trichomycteridae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Francisco Alexandre Costa Sampaio ◽  
Marina Silva Rufino ◽  
Paulo Santos Pompeu ◽  
Hersília de Andrade е Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Seasonal Flooding ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Flows

Critical swimming speeds of four trichomycterid fish species from epigean and hypogean environments were analyzed and compared: Trichomycterus itacarambiensis and Ituglanis passensis, both troglobitic from underground rivers; Trichomycterus brasiliensis, from epigean rivers; and Ituglanis sp., an undescribed troglophilic species from an underground stream. Swimming tests were conducted with a non-volitional apparatus in which fish swim against a progressive incremental water velocity until they longer resist the flow. Total length was significantly related to critical speed for only T. itacarambiensis. The critical speed obtained by each species, in decreasing order, with values in lengths per second (lengths/s), were: I. passensis (3.61), T. itacarambiensis (3.49), T. brasiliensis (3.11) and Ituglanis sp. (1.89). Swimming performance differed between the congeners T. itacarambiensis and T. brasiliensis, but did not differed between I. passensis and Ituglanis sp. The greater speed for the troglobitic species compared to that of the troglophilic and epigean species is probably related to seasonal flooding pulses that can be extremely severe in caves. Furthermore, during the tests, fish were observed using their mouth and/or barbels to fasten themselves to the substrate to avoid high flows.

scholarly journals Optimal swim speeds by respirometer: an analysis of three neotropical species

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hersília de Andrade e Santos ◽  
Edna Maria de Faria Viana ◽  
Paulo Santos Pompeu ◽  
Carlos Barreira Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Fish Ladder ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus

The swimming ability of neotropical fish species is an important aspect for fish ladder designs. Especially in Latin America, where fish ladders are highly selective, fish strategies to negotiate the passage should be studied focusing on target species. This paper shows the swimming ability of three neotropical species (Leporinus reinhardti, Pimelodus maculatus and Prochilodus costatus), from São Francisco river basin. Respirometer was employed for data collection. Regarding the critical and prolonged speeds, L. reinhardti was the fastest among the three neotropical species in relative values (body length/second). The performance of neotropical species was better when compared to critical and maximum prolonged speeds of fish species from temperate areas. Finally, regarding the experimental procedures, the optimization of swimming speed in respirometer is lower than the optimal processes obtained with free swimming in open channels.

Performance of Young Male Swimmers in the 100-Meters Front Crawl

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício de Mello Vitor ◽  
Maria Tereza Silveira Böhme
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Swimming Technique

Youth swimming performance may be influenced by anthropometric, physiology and technical factors. The present paper examined the role of these factors in performance of 100m freestyle in swimmers 12–14 years of age (n = 24). Multiple regression analysis (forward method) was used to examine the variance of the 100 meters front crawl. Anaerobic power, swimming index and critical speed explained 88% (p < .05) of the variance in the average speed of 100 meters front crawl among young male pubertal swimmers. To conclude, performance of young swimmers in the 100 meters front crawl is determined predominantly by physiological factors and swimming technique.

Simulated front crawl swimming performance related to critical speed and critical power

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUUB M. TOUSSAINT ◽  
KOHJI WAKAYOSHI ◽  
A. PETER HOLLANDER ◽  
FUTOSHI OGITA
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Front Crawl

scholarly journals Preliminary Understanding of Complexities in Swimming Performance of Common Minnow (Cyprinidae) Taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Nichols ◽  
Austin Smith ◽  
Stephen Huelsman ◽  
Cara Schemmel ◽  
Jason C. Doll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Lotic Environments ◽  
Pimephales Notatus ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Fish Dispersal

Understanding swimming performance of native freshwater fishes has implications for ecology, conservation, and management. In particular, this type of information has practical importance for improving the understanding of fish dispersal, occurrence, migration, and invasive potential. The objective of this study was to characterize swimming performance of 2 taxa from the comparatively understudied minnow family (Cyprinidae) and test for potential drivers as a function of total length, sex, habitat, morphology, or some combination. The study assessed Spotfin Shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera; n = 66) and Bluntnose Minnow (Pimephales notatus; n = 24) populations from an ontogenic range of male and female individuals from lentic and lotic habitats in Indiana and Ohio. Akaike information criterion (AIC) model selection identified the most parsimonious linear regression model to predict swimming performance of Spotfin Shiner and Bluntnose Minnow independently. Overall, larger Spotfin Shiners were superior swimmers compared with smaller individuals. In both species, individuals having more streamlined heads and elongated caudal regions were better swimmers. Additionally, Spotfin Shiners that were collected from lotic environments were generally better swimmers than individuals from lentic environments. Models did not recover sex-specific effects in either species—or meaningful total length, or habitat effects, in Bluntnose Minnows. Overall, this study provides evidence of a complex series of swimming performance covariates when assessing or understanding performance. This has implications for aquatic population, assemblage, and community ecology as well as management and conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Size-related effects and the influence of metabolic traits and morphology on swimming performance in fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Rubio-Gracia ◽  
Emili García-Berthou ◽  
Helena Guasch ◽  
Lluís Zamora ◽  
Anna Vila-Gispert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Total Length

Abstract Energy metabolism fuels swimming and other biological processes. We compared the swimming performance and energy metabolism within and across eight freshwater fish species. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we measured the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and calculated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit). We accounted for body size, metabolic traits, and some morphometric ratios in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. Body mass was largely the best predictor of swimming capacity and metabolic traits within species. Moreover, we found that predictive models using total length or SMR, in addition to body mass, significantly increased the explained variation of Ucrit and MMR in certain fish species. These predictive models also underlined that, once body mass has been accounted for, Ucrit can be independently affected by total length or MMR. This study exemplifies the utility of multiple regression models to assess within-species variability. At interspecific level, our results showed that variation in Ucrit can partly be explained by the variation in the interrelated traits of MMR, fineness, and muscle ratios. Among the species studied, bleak Alburnus alburnus performed best in terms of swimming performance and efficiency. By contrast, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus showed very poor swimming performance, but attained lower mass-specific cost of transport (MCOT) than some rheophilic species, possibly reflecting a cost reduction strategy to compensate for hydrodynamic disadvantages. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the key factors influencing the swimming performance of fish at both intra- and interspecific levels.

Típico, folklóricoorpopular? Musical categories, place, and identity in a transnational listening community

Popular Music ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Time Class ◽  
Place And Identity ◽  
Blind Spots

AbstractThe study of popular music often loses something in translation. The musical categories used by scholars and musicians in different locations vary widely in meaning, complicating both analysis and disciplinary divisions. Genre classifications also create blind spots which leave styles falling between the cracks out of the picture, impoverishing analysis and even denying musicians certain benefits. This paper examines the use of terms such asfolklórico, tradicional, popularandtípicoby both lay people and scholars in Latin America, then turns to Dominicanmerengue típicoas a case study showing how musical categories are often intensely local. I argue that – because it relies more on notions of place than on the ideas of time, class, race or production that inform other categorisations – the concept oftípicois useful in examining transnational ‘roots’ musics which bridge nations, classes and modes of production. In addition, using musicians' and listeners' own categories can help us to question the canons of musical scholarship, musical nationalism and music marketing, thus creating new possibilities for both scholars and musicians.

scholarly journals Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rafael C. R. Souza ◽  
Paulo S. Pompeu
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Swimming Capacity

The high diversity of freshwater fish species reflects a great morphological plasticity. Understanding the relationship between swimming capacity, morphology and habitat use may be important to predict the chances of finding a species at an anthropized environment. The swimming capacity and morphological aspects of two sympatric species of Characidium, and for which spatial segregation in different hydraulic habitats is known, were compared in this study. Twenty-one individuals of Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867 and 23 individuals of Characidium cf. zebra Eigenmann, 1909 were captured and used for the evaluation of the swimming capacity and ecomorphological attributes. The swimming capacity of each species was obtained by measuring critical and relative velocities. A total of 12 ecomorphological attributes correlated with habitat use and swimming characteristics were also compared. The Mann-Whitney mean test showed that the swimming capacity of C. fasciatum was greater than that of C. cf. zebra, and the standard length of the individuals explained 12.42% of the variation in their capacity to withstand water flow. Both species were morphologically distinct in the relative length of the caudal peduncle, ventral flattening index and the relative area of the pectoral fin. The relative area of the pectoral fin alone accounted for 16.71% of the differences in the ability to resist the water flow and which were not explained by body length. Our results showed that two species differed in the ecomorphological space and in their swimming capacity, supporting the hypothesis that the greater the hydrodynamism, the better a fish is able to withstand the water flow, and that this capacity is correlated with the morphological characteristics linked to the swimming activity of the fish.

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