scholarly journals Rhodoliths in Brazil: Current knowledge and potential impacts of climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Antunes Horta ◽  
Pablo Riul ◽  
Gilberto M. Amado Filho ◽  
Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel ◽  
Flávio Berchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Rhodolith beds are important marine benthic ecosystems, representing oases of high biodiversity among sedimentary seabed environments. They are found frequently and abundantly, acting as major carbonate 'factories' and playing a key role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbonates in the South Atlantic. Rhodoliths are under threat due to global change (mainly related to ocean acidification and global warming) and local stressors, such as fishing and coastal run-off. Here, we review different aspects of the biology of these organisms, highlighting the predicted effects of global change, considering the additional impact of local stressors. Ocean acidification (OA) represents a particular threat that can reduce calcification or even promote the decalcification of these bioengineers, thus increasing the eco-physiological imbalance between calcareous and fleshy algae. OA should be considered, but this together with extreme events such as heat waves and storms, as main stressors of these ecosystems at the present time, will worsen in the future, especially if possible interactions with local stressors like coastal pollution are taken into consideration. Thus, in Brazil there is a serious need for starting monitoring programs and promote innovative experimental infrastructure in order to improve our knowledge of these rich environments, optimize management efforts and enhance the needed conservation initiatives.

scholarly journals Poverty and climate change: introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Hallegatte ◽  
Marianne Fay ◽  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractBecause their assets and income represent such a small share of national wealth, the impacts of climate change on poor people, even if dramatic, will be largely invisible in aggregate economic statistics such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Assessing and managing future impacts of climate change on poverty requires different metrics, and specific studies focusing on the vulnerability of poor people. This special issue provides a set of such studies, looking at the exposure and vulnerability of people living in poverty to shocks and stressors that are expected to increase in frequency or intensity due to climate change, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and impacts on agricultural production and ecosystem services. This introduction summarizes their approach and findings, which support the idea that the link between poverty and climate vulnerability goes both ways: poverty is one major driver of people's vulnerability to climate-related shocks and stressors, and this vulnerability is keeping people in poverty. The paper concludes by identifying priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Heat Waves, the New Normal: Summertime Temperature Extremes Will Impact Animals, Ecosystems, and Human Communities

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon H. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intense Heat ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity of extreme heat waves. This is occurring now as most of the warmest summers and most intense heat waves ever recorded have been during the past decade. In this review, I describe the ways in which animals and human populations are likely to respond to increased extreme heat, suggest how to study those responses, and reflect on the importance of those studies for countering the devastating impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals The impacts of climate change on fish growth: A summary of conducted studies and current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 106976
Author(s):  
Minrui Huang ◽  
Liuyong Ding ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Chengzhi Ding ◽  
Juan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Weathering The Storm: Developing a Climate Change Adaptation Policy for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Leighty ◽  
Ellen Simon ◽  
Kyung-Ok Yi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Adaptation Policy ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Policy

For many Americans the impacts of climate change are either hypothetical futures or far-off problems. However, climate change is already impacting millions of Americans as they commute to work each day. In the Nation’s capital the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority has already suffered as heat waves and severe weather damage equipment and reduce service. The transportation authority must take a comprehensive look at its infrastructure and adapt policies to mitigate the current and future risks to transportation services.

scholarly journals Metagenomics of Antarctic Marine Sediment Reveals Potential for Diverse Chemolithoautotrophy

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiy I. Garber ◽  
Jessica R. Zehnpfennig ◽  
Cody S. Sheik ◽  
Michael W. Henson ◽  
Gustavo A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Freshwater Runoff ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change in polar regions, like Antarctica, have the potential to alter numerous ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Increasing temperature and freshwater runoff from melting ice can have profound impacts on the cycling of organic and inorganic nutrients between the pelagic and benthic ecosystems.

9 Addressing the Marine Environmental Impacts of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison James
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
International Law ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
Marine Environmental ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Chapter 9 addresses the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on the marine environment and the extent to which international law has reacted to this emerging threat to the ecological integrity of the oceans. These issues are particularly challenging to regulate because of their wide-ranging causes and effects. This chapter, therefore, takes into account both how the global legal regime relating to climate change, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, has taken into account the oceans, as well as how sectoral treaties dealing with specific maritime activities have addressed climate change and ocean acidification within their normative framework. In this latter respect, the chapter focuses on the global regulation of carbon emissions from shipping and the way in which the international community has responded to proposed carbon sequestration activities at sea, including sub-seabed storage and geo-engineering.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change on the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Water–Energy Nexus

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred A. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The present paper aims to elucidate impacts of climate change on the availability and security of water and energy in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA region; including the Eastern Mediterranean) in the context of the water–energy nexus. It largely builds on existing knowledge and understanding and aims to present a review of existing information on this topic. The region is particularly challenged by a number of factors, including the large variability of bio-geographical characteristics, extreme population growth over the last few decades, and substantial societal and economical transitions, as well as armed conflicts in some of the countries in the region. Anticipated changes in climate conditions will exacerbate the challenges regarding water and energy security in the region. Major impacts of climate change include a significant increase in summer temperatures, which will lead to a growing number of heat waves, primarily in urban structures. A general decrease in precipitation in many of the MENA countries is foreseen, resulting in enhanced droughts and a growing number of dry spells. In addressing energy and water scarcities and their mutual interrelationships, an integrated water–energy nexus concept offers promising prospects to improve environmental, climate, human, and political security. However, only very few countries in the MENA region have presently implemented such a concept. Mitigation and adaptation strategies addressing water and energy scarcity include enhanced efficiency of resource use, integrated technology assessments regarding electricity generation, and a stronger reliance on renewable/solar technologies. While looking at the MENA region as a whole, some emphasis will be given to Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean.

Impacts on Public Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-72
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Many serious adverse public health impacts of climate change are already being felt around the globe, including record-breaking heat waves, severe air pollution, widespread water contamination that has brought a resurgence of cholera and has compromised clean drinking water and sanitation for more than one billion people worldwide, food scarcity and undernutrition from droughts and desertification, pandemics of vector-borne diseases, and increasingly frequent and severe natural hazards such as flooding, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Centralized, well-organized emergency preparedness planning is needed at the national, regional, and municipal levels to enable safe and efficient evacuations, and to minimize injuries and fatalities. In addition, effective planning to address the public health impacts of climate change is contingent on poverty reduction, and adequate access to education and healthcare for all. This chapter addresses the major public health impacts of global warming and the use of technologies in adapting to them.

Impacts on Public Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 647-672
Author(s):  
Debra N. Weiss-Randall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Many serious adverse public health impacts of climate change are already being felt around the globe, including record-breaking heat waves, severe air pollution, widespread water contamination that has brought a resurgence of cholera and has compromised clean drinking water and sanitation for more than one billion people worldwide, food scarcity and undernutrition from droughts and desertification, pandemics of vector-borne diseases, and increasingly frequent and severe natural hazards such as flooding, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Centralized, well-organized emergency preparedness planning is needed at the national, regional, and municipal levels to enable safe and efficient evacuations, and to minimize injuries and fatalities. In addition, effective planning to address the public health impacts of climate change is contingent on poverty reduction, and adequate access to education and healthcare for all. This chapter addresses the major public health impacts of global warming and the use of technologies in adapting to them.

Climate Change as Observed in the Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
P.R. Rajalakshmi ◽  
Hema Achyuthan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Time Data

The Bay of Bengal covers a vast expanse of area, it being warmer, holds signatures of climate change. Its impact and the parameters have been studied in terms of rise in temperature, sea level change, increased rainfall, drought, heat waves, the intensity of tropical cyclones, ocean acidification and ocean productivity. In the last 45 years, sea surface temperature (SST) has risen by 0.2 to 0.3°C and is projected to rise further by 2.0 to 3.5°C by the end of this century. As a result, the sea level is expected to also rise 37 cm by 2050. The Bay of Bengal is witnessing an increase in the intensity of cyclones in the last two decades. Floods and droughts have increased over the years and are a growing threat to plant and animal life. Ocean acidification and increase in the sea surface temperature have made many fish species a major part of the coastal food chain vulnerable to its productivity. Hence, the collection of real time data and its continuous monitoring of the Bay of Bengal is essential to predict and project the future climate change to its accuracy both in space and time.

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