Depression in elderly women resident in a long-stay nursing home

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly: it is present in 23-40% of community-dwelling elderly and in 25-80% of institutionalized elderly. Depressive symptoms are most prevalent in elderly women because they more readily seek healthcare services, are more vulnerable to stress and live longer than men. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of depression and its comorbidities in a long-stay nursing home (NH). METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study was performed at a NH in southern Brazil and comprised the first part of a larger project to determine depression and its relationship with psychosocial factors in NH residents. Sociodemographic and medical data were obtained through the examination of medical files from November 2012 to January 2013. Depression was defined as the diagnosis reported by physicians in medical files and scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item version) above 5. Other clinical and psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from medical files. RESULTS: Out of a total of 142 elderly women, 51.4% had at least one psychiatric disorder, the most common being depression, affective bipolar disorder and mental retardation. Almost one third (32.3%) of the elderly women were depressed. The ward containing the highest number of cognitively and physically independent women contained 41.3% of the total depressed elderly. A total of 52.1% of all depressed elderly had other associated clinical or psychiatric disorders, with mental retardation and hypothyroidism being the most frequent. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dementia was high in this NH. Further studies evaluating the psychosocial factors involved in depressed elders should be conducted in an effort to prevent depression and promote mental health in institutionalized elders.

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The Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome and Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2017/4104802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Misa Nakamura ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

Sachiko Nomura ◽

Ryohei Kono ◽

Hirotoshi Utsunomiya

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Psychiatric Disease ◽

Locomotive Syndrome ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Study Participants

Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a concept that refers to the condition of people requiring healthcare services because of problems associated with locomotion. Depression is a major psychiatric disease among the elderly, in addition to dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between LS and depression. The study participants were 224 healthy elderly volunteers living in a rural area in Japan. LS was defined as scores ≥ 16 on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). Depression was defined as scores ≥ 5 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Height and body weight were measured. The prevalence of LS and depression was 13.9% and 24.2%, respectively. Compared with the non-LS group, the LS group was older, was shorter, had a higher BMI, and had higher GDS-15 scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with GDS-15 scores ≥ 6 had higher odds for LS than those with GDS-15 scores < 6 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.22). Conversely, the depression group had higher GLFS-25 scores than the nondepression group. Participants with GLFS-25 scores ≥ 5 had higher odds for depression than those with GLFS-25 scores < 5 (OR = 4.53). These findings suggest that there is a close relationship between LS and depression.

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Applicability of a cognitive questionnaire in the elderly and proxy

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20300012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 228-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renata Areza Fegyveres ◽

Ana Paula Formigoni ◽

Cláudia Sellitto Porto ◽

Maria Teresa Carthery Goulart ◽

Mirna Lie Hosogi Senaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Community Group ◽

Proxy Report ◽

Proxy Responses ◽

The Mean ◽

State Examination

Abstract The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly with the Proxy (IQCODE) was developed as a screening tool for cognition alterations. Objectives: 1) To verify the applicability of IQCODE in the elderly with limited schooling, 2) To verify the reliability of the responses supplied by the aged and their proxies. Methods: Individuals of a Community Group were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), IQCODE and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The IQCODE was applied to informants and proxies. Results: We analyzed 44 individuals, aged between 58-82 years (M=66.8, SD=5.97) with mean elderly-schooling level of 3.75, SD=2.82 and 44 proxies aged 44.5 (SD=13.3), with mean schooling level of 8.25 (SD=4.3). The mean GDS was 8.22, SD=4.90 and 13 participants presented a score suggestive of depressive symptoms. The mean elderly IQCODE score was 3.26, SD=0.69 and 3.21, SD=0.65, for proxy responses. There was no statistical difference between these means. On the MMSE, the mean score was 24.20, SD=4.14 and 18 participants presented scores below the cut-off. The IQCODE answers by the elderly in this latter group were more congruent with MMSE than the answers of proxies. Conclusions: The applicability of the IQCODE in a population with little schooling was verified in that the proxy-report was similar to the elderly report. We can affirm that the elderly answers were more accurate than the proxies, as they were closer to MMSE score. The inclusion of a greater number of participants from community-dwelling settings is necessary to confirm the results obtained in this study.

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Depressive symptoms and chronotypes of elderly nursing home residentes: A case management study

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-020010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Evany Bettine de Almeida ◽

Thais Bento Lima-Silva ◽

Luiz Menna-Barreto

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Low Educated

ABSTRACT. Institutionalization potentiates the tendency for specific sleep disturbances which occur with aging, besides negative health consequences such as increased rate of depressive symptoms. Objective: To compare sleep profile and depressive symptoms in elderly nursing home residents, highlighting gender differences. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study of 29 elderly from two different nursing homes was conducted. A sociodemographics questionnaire, Sleep Diary, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale were applied. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The sample comprised individuals that were predominantly female (72%), aged 80-90 years (48%), widowed (66%) and low-educated (83%). The women were found to sleep and awake later than the men. Regarding chronotypes, the women were classified as evening types and men as intermediate/indifferent types. Most of the elderly exhibited symptoms of major depression (48%). Compared to men, women had more depressive symptoms in both dysthymia and major depression categories. Conclusion: No significant differences were evident on comparisons of sleep profile and depressive symptoms, but elderly with the intermediate chronotype scored lower on the depressive symptoms scale.

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Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dan Lama Sakit dengan Kejadian Depresi Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi

Journal of Holistic Nursing Science ◽

10.31603/nursing.v7i2.3076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

Wachidah Yuniartika ◽

Tiara Bima Murti

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Depression Level ◽

Physical Changes

Decreasing and changing physical conditions, the change in mental status as depression that often ignored, and diseases that often appear like hypertension are commonly found in the elderly, and it is a health problem that requires special attention because it will affect all aspects of life in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sex and duration of illness with the level of depression in the elderly with hypertension. The method used is descriptive quantitative with cross sectional approach. The study population was all elderly with hypertension at the Penumping Public Health Center with a sample of 54 people taken by accidental sampling. Data was collected using a research instrument in the form of a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire and analyzed using a correlative test that is a Kendall tau analysis. Correlative test results between sex and depression level showed a correlation value of 0.294 with p-value (p) = 0.028, which means there is a significant relationship between sex and depression level. Correlative test between the duration of hypertension and the level of depression showed a correlation value of 0.382 with p-value (p) = 0.004, which means there is a significant relationship between the duration of hypertension and the level of depression. Discussion : The occurrence of the degeneration process in the elderly can cause physical changes and changes in the social environment such as a low economy, loss of family members, inability to fill roles in society and risk of disease. Female sex is the highest proportion and high life expectancy compared to men, so hypertension sufferers mostly occur in elderly women. Anxiety in elderly people with hypertension is caused due to the tendency to take a relatively long treatment, the risk of complications and can shorten life. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between sex and duration of illness and the level of depression in the elderly with hypertension.

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Penerapan Art Therapy untuk Menurunkan Depresi pada Lansia di Panti Werdha X

Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni ◽

10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i1.341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Ayu Eka Permatasari ◽

Samsunuwiyati Marat ◽

Meiske Y. Suparman

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Art Therapy ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Posttest Score ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Negative Thoughts

Aging process on elderly can be challenging. Elderly who lives with their family can enjoy happiness and independent live. But, it is different with elderly who lives in a nursing home. Elderly who live in a nursing home often feel lonely, lack of activity, and experience stress to depression. They tend to show symptoms of depression which are sense of helplessness, avoidance of social interaction, experience physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, digestive disorders, and indisgestion. This research is aimed to know whether the application of art therapy can reduce depression on the elderly who lives in a nursing homes. Art therapy intervention with with drawing and coloring methods were chosen because it can be applied to individual of all ages. This intervention is aimed to express feelings, changing negative thoughts, and to be able to more recognize them selves. Participants of this research were 3 elderly who live in nursing homes. The intervention was conducted for 12 sessions. The results were being measured by comparing the pretest-posttest score of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). After the intervention was conducted, all participants showed reducing score of depression on GDS on posttest score. During the intervention, all participant also showed process of increasing expressions on their artwork. The results also indicated changes of their behaviors such as increasing social interaction.Keywords: Art therapy, Elderly, Depression, Gerontology, Nursing homes.

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Sport and Recreational Physical Activities Attenuate the Predictive Association of Multimorbidity With Increased Geriatric Depressive Symptoms: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study of Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2021-0070 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yonglin Liang ◽

Francisco T.T. Lai ◽

Joyce L.Y. Kwan ◽

Wai Chan ◽

Eng-Kiong Yeoh

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Recreational Activities ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Multimorbidity is associated with increased depression risks. Little research examines how physical exercise moderates this association. From an existing cohort of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong recruited in 2001–2003, the authors included participants who were successfully interviewed after 14 years (2015–2017). Geriatric depressive symptoms were used as the primary outcome and measured by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, while multimorbidity was operationalized using a list of 19 conditions. Subscores of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly measuring light, moderate, and strenuous sport/recreational activities were included as moderators. In total, 1,056 participants were included, of whom 50.7% were multimorbid. Multimorbidity was associated with 12% more geriatric depressive symptoms, but strenuous physical activities were associated with a smaller risk elevation only among multimorbid patients (adjusted relative risk = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [0.98, 0.99]; p = .001). In conclusion, strenuous sport and recreational activities may attenuate the association between multimorbidity and geriatric depressive symptoms.

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Disability, Frailty and Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteosarcopenia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27449/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽

Sung-Hyo Seo ◽

Young-Mi Seo ◽

Jun-Il Yoo

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Normal Group ◽

World Health ◽

Reference Level ◽

Common Disease

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression.Methods: This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, which was developed to study the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and activity limitations in the elderly in rural areas. Among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist was completed for diagnosis of frailty and the degree of disability in everyday life was evaluated by World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). To understand the symptoms of depression in the elderly, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) was used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Sarcopenia was defined as SMI less than 7.0 kg/m2 in men and less than 5.4 kg/m2 in women. The maximum grip strength was used as a reference level, for men below 28 kg and for women below 18 kg. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than -1.0.The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia.Results: Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS, Kaigo-Yobo, and GDSSF scores were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the elderly community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the elderly, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

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Comparison of the Daily Fitness Test in Nursing Home Residents and Community-Dwelling Residents Elderly Women

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.4.409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 409-415

Author(s):

Min-Hwa Suk ◽

Hee-Seung Jang ◽

Jin-Wook Lee

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Step Test ◽

Fitness Test

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the daily fitness tests of nursing home residents and community-dwelling elderly women after 16 weeks program.METHODS:Thirty elderly women living in a nursing home (n=14) or community (n=16) participated in the study. The program was assigned 1 hour twice a week for 16 weeks to improve the physical activity for the elderly women. The daily fitness test assessed the physical fitness levels for elderly. The tests performed the 2-min step test, chair stand test, arm curl test, chair sit and reach test, backscratch test, 244-cm up and go test.RESULTS:A result of the study show that the daily physical fitness of the elderly women living in the community is higher than those living in nursing homes. After the program which induced physical activity, 2-min step test (<i>p</i><.05) and 244-cm up and go test (<i>p</i><.05) were much improved in the elderly living in nursing homes.CONCLUSIONS:Although the daily fitness of nursing home residents was lower than community-dwelling residents, there was a significant improvement after exercise program.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AND COGNITION IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

10.5327/1980-5764.rpda104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Cruz ◽

Letícia Souza ◽

Juliana de Freitas ◽

Bruno Shimizu ◽

Katerina Lukasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

The Elderly ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Outreach Program ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals

Background: Depression and anxiety are common conditions among the elderly. Previous studies have conflicting results about the association between those symptoms and cognitive functioning (CF). Objective: To investigate the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and CF in community dwelling elderly individuals (aged 60 or over, living independently). Methods: Cross-sectional study with 362 elderly adults recruited by convenience to participate in a university outreach program. We analyzed correlations between scores at Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: There were significant negative correlations between the GDS and subscales of attention and orientation, fluency and the overall ACE-R, also between GAI with fluency and overall ACE-R. There was a moderate positive correlation between GDS and GAI. A multiple linear regression model evidenced that fluency domain was the best predictor of GDS and GAI scores. Scores compatible with depression and anxiety were found in 13.5% (GD) and 16.3% (GA) of the sample, respectively. GD presented lower scores in fluency and GA in fluency, memory, language and overall ACE-R score (p <0.05) compared to controls in the same sample. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were associated with lower CF in seniors.

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Disability, Frailty and Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteosarcopenia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27449/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽

Sung-Hyo Seo ◽

Young-Mi Seo ◽

Jun-Il Yoo

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Normal Group ◽

World Health ◽

Common Disease ◽

Using Data ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression.Methods: This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist (frailty), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) were used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than -1.0.The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia.Results: Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS (17.5, 95% CI: 14.8-20.1), Kaigo-Yobo (3.0, 95% CI: 2.6-3.4), and GDSSF mean score (4.6, 95% CI: 3.9-5.4) were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups. Partial eta squared (ηp2) of WHODAS (0.199) and Kaigo-Yobo (0.148) values according to Osteosarcopenia were large, and GDSSF (0.096) was medium.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the elderly community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the elderly, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

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