Quantification of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy cows in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the rate of vertical transmission and to investigate horizontal transmission of Neospora caninum and occurrences of reproductive abnormalities in seropositive dairy cows on two farms in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The frequency of cows seropositive for N.caninum according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was 39.4% (93/236) for Farm A and 31.4% (32/102) for the Farm B (p > 0.05). The mean vertical transmission rates for N. caninum were 29% and 9% for the herds of Farms A and B, respectively. No negative effects (p > 0.05) from infection by N.caninum were observed regarding milk production and occurrences of reproductive abnormalities in herds A and B.

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189 EFFECT OF NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF DAIRY COWS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab189 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. Pessoa ◽

C. A. M. Silva ◽

M. I. B. Rubin ◽

F. S. F. Vogel ◽

J. M. Trentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Production Systems ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Diarrhea Virus

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of Neospora caninum (NC) infection on reproductive parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The study was performed at 32 farms in the south of Brazil, latitude 27°30′S to 31°S and longitude 51°30′W to 55°30 W Farms included in this study met rigorous vaccination schedule for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, leptospirosis, and brucellosis. Blood samples collected from the dairy cows were submitted to serologic testing by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and were distributed into 2 groups: seropositive (GP; n = 160) and seronegative (GN; n = 558). The dogs (n = 51) of the farms were tested by IFAT. After abortion, fetuses were frozen at -80°C and submitted to PCR detection of NC in tissues. Seropositive cows that aborted were also tested by IFAT. Pregnancies of GP and GN cows were mon- itored by periodic ultrasound exams. After parturition or abortion all cows in GP and GN groups were submitted to gynecological exams. Cows that developed disease (clinical mastitis, metabolic disease, or laminitis) after parturition or abortion were excluded from the analysis to prevent any distortion of data. Farms were divided into 3 categories according to production technology, specifically, average milk production per cow per lactation: high (>25 kg), medium (15-25 kg), and low (< 15 kg). Data was analyzed by ANOVA using SAS® software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) at a level of 5% significance and Student’s t-test for average reproductive parameters. The alternative hypothesis of the study was that at least 1 reproductive parameter was influenced in GP after abortion compared with GN cows that aborted. The null hypothesis was that there was no influence of NC antibody titer on reproductive parameters. The prevalence of antibody for NC in dairy cows was 24.48%. There was no prevalence difference among production systems (P > 0.05). The prevalence in dogs was 48.6% and did not differ among production systems. Fifty-nine (41.37%) NC-seropositive cows aborted. This differs significantly from the seronegative cow abortion rate (n = 17; 2.6%; P < 0.001). Occurrence of retained fetal membranes (RFM), endometritis, absence of uterine infection after abortion, and days between abortion and first estrus can be observed in Table 1. Abortion occurred between the fifth and eighth month of pregnancy. Occurrence of RFM was more frequent in cows that were seropositive. The period between abortion and first estrus was 79.06 v. 65.8 days for seropositive and seronegative groups, respectively, which differed significantly (P < 0.001). The results suggest that the higher occurrence of RFM after abortion in dairy NC-seropositive cows affects uterine involution, resulting in a delay of ovarian activity. Table 1.Neospora caninum seropositive and seronegative cows that aborted and their reproductive parameters. This study was supported by CNPq graduate funding.

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Seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in Jordanian women who had a recent spontaneous abortion

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada ◽

Raida Khalil ◽

Marwan Abu-Halaweh ◽

Kanar Sweis ◽

Zuhair Amr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Private Hospital ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigates Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum among 445 recently spontaneously aborted (RSA) Jordanian women using ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody (at a cut-off value of 1/200) tests, respectively. The type of hospital, age, cat and dog contacts, raw and barbecued meat and wild plant consumption, number of abortions, and stillbirths were tested as independent variables using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The true seroprevalences were 22.1% for T. gondii-IgG, 22.7% for N. caninum-IgG, 2.6% for T. gondii-IgM, 10.6% for N. caninum-IgM, 0% for T. gondii-IgG and IgM, 6.7% for N. caninum-IgG and IgM, and 4.6% and 0% for both parasite IgG and IgM, respectively. T. gondii-IgM-seropositivity was associated with the number of abortions with odds ratios (OR) of 2.4 and eating barbecued meat (OR = 0.12). N. caninum-IgG-seropositivity was associated with having a dog in the house (OR = 2.6), and with stillbirth (OR = 0.1). N. caninum-IgM was associated with visiting a private-hospital (OR = 2.7). RSA Jordanian women are equally exposed to both parasites with significantly (p < 0.05) higher seroprevalence of N. caninum-IgM compared to T. gondii-IgM suggestive of active infections among RSA women in Jordan.

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Age, gender and climate associations with the seroprevalence of Neospora species infection in horses in Jordan

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612020004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marwan Abu-Halaweh ◽

Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada ◽

Raida Khalil

Keyword(s):

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cool Temperate ◽

Ig G

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 379 horses to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora spp. in Jordan using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Five variables, namely locality (n=10), climatic zone (n=4), age group (n=3), gender, and breed were tested as risk factors for Neospora–immunoglobulin (Ig)G seropositivity at four cutoff titers (1:50, 1:200, 1:400, and 1:800) using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A total of 122 (32%; 95% CI: 28, 37) sera samples had anti-Neospora–IgG at a cutoff titer of 1:50. Increased Neospora–IgG seropositivity was found in horses in three localities (Madaba, Zarka, and Petra) and was associated with the following variables: cool temperate climate; age >14 years; and female gender. Seropositivity was found among horses from Madaba at all cutoff titers, Zarka at titers >1:200, and Petra at titers <1:200. Cool temperate climate was associated with titers <1:400. Horses aged >14 years were found to be associated with seropositivity at titers ≥1:200. Female gender was associated with high seropositivity at >1:800.

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Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18499/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

MIRELLA ALVES CUNHA ◽

BEATRIZ CELESTE ◽

NORIVAL KESPER ◽

MAHYUMI FUGIMORI ◽

MARIANNA MARTINS LAGO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Target Genes ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Leishmania Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients

Abstract Background: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmaniainfection in asymptomatic HIV infected individuals and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmaniaspp. infection in HIV infected patients living in an urban area from Brazil. Methods: To detect Leishmaniainfection, were performed diagnostic tests to detection of antibodies anti-Leishmania(ELISA using Leptomonas seymouriantigens; ELISA using rk39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT) and detection of LeishmaniaDNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1. Results: Frequency, considering at least one positive test, was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonasantigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (T CD4+ cells count < 200/mm3). Conclusions: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmaniaspp. in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of T CD4+ lymphocytes.

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Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in Northern provinces, Thailand

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-014-0245-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tawin Inpankaew ◽

Sathaporn Jittapalapong ◽

Thomas Mitchell ◽

Chainirun Sununta ◽

Ikuo Igarashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Current Status ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Slow Growth Rate ◽

The Impact

AbstractNeospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of neosporosis, recognized as a major cause of bovine abortion around the world. Thailand is a developing agricultural country located in Southeast Asia. Livestock developments particularly in dairy cows of this country have been hampered by low productivity including milk and slow growth rate due to the impact of many pathogens including N. caninum. Currently, there is no effective method for control of neosporosis since there is less information regarding current status of infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of neosporosis in dairy cows of the northern part of Thailand. During 2006–2007, the sera of 642 cows from 42 small farm holders with the top three highest consensus of dairy farms in the northern provinces, such as Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Lumpang were collected and performed tests. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant N. caninum surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The overall prevalence of N. caninum infection in this study was 46.9% (301/642) by ELISA and 34.3% (220/642) by IFAT.

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Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle of microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/s1808-16572012000300014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 419-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.B. de Moura ◽

S.C Osaki ◽

D.L Zulpo ◽

J.L Garcia ◽

E.B Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Positive Association ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Blood Samples

Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in blood samples of 250 bovine beef cattle of the microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná State was verified by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) (> 1:200) and correlated to age, sex and breed of animals. The statistical analysis was carried out through Fisher's Exact and qui-square tests (p < 0.05) to associate the results of the serology with the analyzed variables. From 250 evaluated samples, 33 (13.2 %) were positive for N. caninum. The titles obtained for N. caninum were 1:200 (8), 1:400 (14) and 1:800 (11). Seropositives animals were present in 40% (10/25) of the evaluated properties. These results demonstrate wide distribution of the protozoa among the beef cattle in the region of Guarapuava, PR. Animals without defined breed showed higher rates of seropositives for N. caninum (P = 0.002). The age had positive association with the incidence of antibodies against N. caninum (P = 0.02), indicating that horizontal transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of this coccidia.

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High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in stray dogs from Rolim de Moura, Rondônia state, Western Brazilian Amazon

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 3535-3542

Author(s):

Henrique Momo Ziemniczak ◽

◽

Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽

Maiara Oliveira Maia ◽

Elvino Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Seroprevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Group 1

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are important apicomplexan pathogens that can infect dogs and result in a neurological syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and Neospora spp. in stray dogs in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to April 2016. A total of 458 dogs blood samples were collected at the Center for Control of Zoonosis (CCZ), and anti-T. gondii and anti-N. spp. antibody levels were detected and measured using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The seroprevalence of T. gondii and Neospora spp. in dogs it was 82.20% and 73.85%, respectively. The seroprevalence of coinfections was 47.59%. This is the first report of anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies detected in stray dogs in Rolim de Moura, state of Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon. Male dogs showed a higher frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies than female dogs (88.0% vs. 75.3%; p < 0.001), presenting 2.41 times more chances of having the disease. High seroprevalence of infection (92.4%: T. gondii and 89.2%: Neospora spp.) was detected in the group ≥ 1-year-old dogs, in all collections, with OR 7.35 and OR 10.27 for the presence of anti-T. gondii and anti- Neospora spp., respectively. In conclusion, the serological results indicate an important circulation of T. gondii and Neospora spp. in wandering dogs hailing from Rolim de Moura, state of Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazonia.

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Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of mothers with COVID-19 and their neonates: vertical transmission

Medwave ◽

10.5867/medwave.2021.07.8454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (07) ◽

pp. e8454-e8454

Author(s):

Amalia Guadalupe Vega-Fernández ◽

Betty María Zevallos-Vargas ◽

Fiorella del Pilar Flores-Figueroa ◽

Juan Carlos Holguín-Plasencia ◽

Luis Martín Galois Centeno-Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Transmission ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction COVID-19 disease can affect women at any stage of pregnancy, and newborns could become infected with SARS-CoV-2 through vertical or horizontal transmission. Objective To determine clinical and epidemiological characteristics of mothers with COVID-19, associated neonatal outcomes, and to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission. Methods We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. We included all mothers with positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 and their newborns at the Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo from April 18 to September 30, 2020. Variables were collected from the medical records, and descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results A total of 647 mothers and 656 neonates were enrolled. Of all live births, 85.3% and 14.7% were term and preterm neonates, respectively. We found 1.7% (11/656) of newborns with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2; and that 27.3% (3/11) of these neonates required hospitalization. Neonatal mortality was 4/656 (0.6%), and no case was attributed to COVID-19. Of all mothers affected with COVID-19, 95.7% were asymptomatic, and 4.3% presented clinical symptoms attributed to COVID-19, most of which were mild. The most frequent obstetric complications were preeclampsia-eclampsia, prelabour rupture of membranes, and acute fetal distress. All the mothers were discharged. Conclusion We found 1.7% of newborns with positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2; and that 20.1% of these neonates were hospitalized. The most frequent morbidity was neonatal sepsis and prematurity. The infection was mild among newborns, showing a 0.6% overall mortality, with no cases attributed to COVID-19. We found that only 5% of mothers presented symptoms, most of which were mild to moderate symptoms. There was no record of maternal mortality in this study group. It is not possible to conclude whether vertical transmission or intrapartum-acquired infection is responsible for neonatal COVID-19 infections.

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Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18499/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

MIRELLA ALVES CUNHA ◽

BEATRIZ CELESTE ◽

NORIVAL KESPER ◽

MAHYUMI FUGIMORI ◽

MARIANNA MARTINS LAGO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Target Genes ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmania infection in asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmania spp. infection in HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil.Methods: To detect Leishmania infection, diagnostic tests were performed to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using Leptomonas seymouri antigens; ELISA using rK39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT)) and Leishmania DNA (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1).Results: The frequency of at least one positive test was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonas antigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm3).Conclusions: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests that are considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

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Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.18499/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

MIRELLA ALVES CUNHA ◽

BEATRIZ CELESTE ◽

NORIVAL KESPER ◽

MAHYUMI FUGIMORI ◽

MARIANNA MARTINS LAGO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Target Genes ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmania infection in asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmania spp. infection in HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil. Methods: To detect Leishmania infection, diagnostic tests were performed to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using Leptomonas seymouri antigens; ELISA using rK39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT)) and Leishmania DNA (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1). Results: The frequency of at least one positive test was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonas antigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm3). Conclusions: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests that are considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

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