scholarly journals Fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis in horses in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Viezzer Bianchi ◽  
Lauren Santos de Mello ◽  
Maria Fernanda Wentz ◽  
Welden Panziera ◽  
João Fábio Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Balantidium Coli ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Necrosis ◽  
Mucosal Thickening ◽  
Strongyloides Westeri

Abstract Diseases related to the alimentary system are the main cause of death in horses. This retrospective study aimed to describe the pathological findings of fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis caused by cyathostominae, Eimeria leuckarti, Balantidium coli, and Strongyloides westeri in horses. The records of parasite-induced intestinal lesions in horses necropsied in Southern Brazil between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. Ten horses had fatal parasitic enteritis and/or typhlocolitis, and the main causes were: cyathostominae typhlocolitis (6/10), E. leuckarti enteritis (1/10), S. westeri enteritis (1/10), B. coli colitis related to cyathostominae (1/10), and infection by multiple agents (1/10). Cyathostominae typhlocolitis showed marked mucosal thickening, with multifocal elevated nodules containing tangled filiform parasites. Microscopic examination revealed that the mucosa and submucosa had encysted parasitic structures surrounded by eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation. E. leuckarti enteritis was microscopically characterized by macrogamonts, microgamonts, and oocysts inside the host cells. S. westeri enteritis showed microscopic atrophy of the villi with numerous mucosal encysted parasitic structures. B. coli typhlocolitis showed severe diffuse mucosal reddening, with microscopic superficial mucosal necrosis associated with multiple protozoan trophozoites. Fatal parasite-induced enteritis and typhlocolitis are important causes of death in horses in Southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in two technified farms in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 758-775
Author(s):  
Manoela M. Piva ◽  
Claiton I. Schwertz ◽  
Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽  
Regina T. Kemper ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bacterial Pericarditis ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the main causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in southern Brazil. During a one-year period (from 2018 to 2019), two industrial pig herds (18 and 20 thousand pigs each farm) in southern Brazil were monitored along the four seasons of the year (12 days per season on each farm), in order to perform necropsies of all pigs that died in that period. The two farms had an average monthly mortality rate ranging from 0.94 to 3.93% in the evaluated months. At necropsy, tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed routinely for histopathological examination. When necessary, samples were sent for bacterial culture and PCR to identify etiologic agents. A total of 601 necropsies were performed, with 94.9% of conclusive diagnoses. Infectious diseases corresponded to 64.4% of conclusive diagnosis and non-infectious diseases to 35.6%. The most prevalent causes of death were: pneumonia (33%), gastric ulcers (15.4%), circovirosis (9.9%), systemic bacterial embolism (5.4%), polyserositis (4.4%), dilated cardiomyopathy and torsion of abdominal organs (4.3% each), and bacterial pericarditis (3.4%). Regarding pneumonias (199/601), the main agents identified in these cases were Pasteurella multocida, Influenza A virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mainly in associations.

scholarly journals Infant mortality in southern Brazil: a population based study of causes of death.

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Barros ◽  
C G Victora ◽  
J P Vaughan ◽  
A M Teixeira ◽  
A Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Mortality in free-ranging Eurasian brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) in Spain (1998-2018)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Balseiro ◽  
Luis José Royo ◽  
Elena Gayo ◽  
Ramón Balsera ◽  
Olga Alarcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Background This work summarizes the confirmed causes of death of twenty-five free-ranging Eurasian brown bears ( Ursus arctos arctos ) from the Cantabrian mountain range submitted for necropsy in Asturias and Castilla y León (northwestern Spain) from 1998 to 2018. Results Causes of death were classified based on (i) pathological findings and (ii) caused by “human intervention” or “non human intervention”. In four cases (16%) it was not possible to determine the cause of death due to the bad preservation of found remains or insufficient tissue availability. Based on pathological findings seven out of the 21 (33.3%) brown bears in which the cause of death could be determined died due to infectious diseases (clostridiosis n =4 or infectious canine hepatitis n =3), two (9.5%) due to exertional (degenerative) myopathy (one of those bears also showed clostridiosis) and one due to strychnine poisoning (4.8%), neoplasia (4.8%) or mushroom poisoning (4.8%). The remaining animals died due to traumatic lesions (including fights or infanticide), shooting or wire snare. Mortality data was also classified by deaths caused by “human intervention” or “non human intervention”. The death of one bear showing exertional myopathy after handling was not ascribed to any of the former classifications. Six out of the 20 (30%) brown bears died as a consequence of “human intervention” due to illegal hunting (wire snare hunting n =3 or shooting n =2) and, strychnine poisoning ( n =1). In contrast, fourteen (14/20, 70%) brown bears died by “non-human intervention”; nine of them (9/20, 45%) due to traumatic lesions (fights n =4, traumas n =3 or infanticide n =2), three (3/20, 15%) due to infectious canine hepatitis caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infection, one (1/20, 5%) due to cholangiocarcinoma and another one (5%) due to mushroom poisoning. Conclusions This study shows that the main causes of death in Eurasian brown bears are those caused by infectious diseases. In contrast to previous data on free-ranging bears for the first time infectious diseases appear as an important cause of death. These data are valuable and may help in the conservation and management of this recovering population.

A Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study of the Intestine in Pigs Inoculated with Classical Swine Fever Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sánchez-CordóN ◽  
S. Romanini ◽  
F. J. Salguero ◽  
E. Ruiz-Villamor ◽  
L. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Mucosal Necrosis ◽  
Labeling Method

The aim of this study was to report on the lesions occurring in the intestine during experimental classical swine fever (CSF) and to clarify the nature of infected cells and the distribution of viral antigen. Thirty-two pigs were inoculated with the virulent CSF virus (CSFV) isolate Alfort 187 and slaughtered from 2 to 15 postinoculation days; four animals of similar background served as a control group. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and the transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method were used to detect viral antigens and apoptosis. The results showed progressive lymphoid depletion and mucosal necrosis. The lymphoid depletion could have been caused by apoptosis of lymphocytes but could not be directly attributed to the effect of CSFV on these cells. Vascular changes, pathogenic bacteria, and viral infection of epithelial cells were ruled out as causes of necrotic lesions. However, large virally infected monocytes-macrophages with ultrastructural changes indicative of activation were observed in the intestine. This suggests that monocytes-macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal lesions. An understanding of the function of these cells will require additional study.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls host innate immune activation through cyclopropane modification of a glycolipid effector molecule

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Rao ◽  
Nagatoshi Fujiwara ◽  
Steven A. Porcelli ◽  
Michael S. Glickman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Trehalose Dimycolate ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a global health crisis. Recent genetic evidence implicates specific cell envelope lipids in Mtb pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether these cell envelope compounds affect pathogenesis through a structural role in the cell wall or as pathogenesis effectors that interact directly with host cells. Here we show that cyclopropane modification of the Mtb cell envelope glycolipid trehalose dimycolate (TDM) is critical for Mtb growth during the first week of infection in mice. In addition, TDM modification by the cyclopropane synthase pcaA was both necessary and sufficient for proinflammatory activation of macrophages during early infection. Purified TDM isolated from a cyclopropane-deficient pcaA mutant was hypoinflammatory for macrophages and induced less severe granulomatous inflammation in mice, demonstrating that the fine structure of this glycolipid was critical to its proinflammatory activity. These results established the fine structure of lipids contained in the Mtb cell envelope as direct effectors of pathogenesis and identified temporal control of host immune activation through cyclopropane modification of TDM as a critical pathogenic strategy of Mtb.

scholarly journals A Importância da Autópsia na Morte Neonatal Precoce em Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Marlene Miranda ◽  
Sandra Costa ◽  
Henrique Soares ◽  
Joselina Barbosa ◽  
Filipa Flor-de-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Early Neonatal Death ◽  
Clinical Records

Introduction: The early neonatal period is the most critical for the newborn’s life. The autopsy is important to understand the cause of death, and find other diagnoses not clinically identified. However, the rate of neonatal autopsy is declining worldwide. This study aims to characterize early neonatal death and the clinical importance of the autopsy, evaluating the concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis.Material and Methods: Retrospective study of the clinical records of all neonates admitted to a level III Neonatal Intensive Care unit in Portugal who died during the first week of life in 10 consecutive years (2008 – 2017). In order to classify the concordance found between clinical and pathological diagnoses, the modified Goldman classification was used.Results: During the first week of life, 76 newborns died. The main causes of death were complications related with prematurity and congenital malformations. The autopsy was performed in 50 newborns. Additional findings were found in 62% of the cases, and in 12% findings with important implications for genetic counseling of future pregnancies. There was concordance between the clinical and pathological findings in 38% of cases.Discussion: An autopsy was performed more frequently in newborns with greater gestational age. The number of additional diagnoses found at autopsy, including diagnoses with implications for genetic counseling, confirm the importance of performing them.Conclusion: An autopsy should be proposed to all parents after early neonatal death, given its importance in clarifying the cause of death.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document