Changing Lifestyles and Oral Clefts Occurrence in Denmark

Objective The aim of this project was to assess whether any changes in the birth prevalence of cleft lip with/without cleft palate (CL[P]) occurred in Denmark during the period 1988 through 2001. In this period an official recommendation of a supplementation of folic acid to pregnant women was introduced; furthermore, smoking among pregnant women decreased considerably. Design and Settings There are few places in which ecological studies of oral clefts are possible. Denmark provides a particularly good setting for this kind of study because of a high ascertainment and a centralized registration of subjects with cleft over the last 65 years. Participants Cleft occurrence in Denmark from 1936 to 1987 has previously been reported. Here we extend the study to include all live-born children with oral clefts born in Denmark in 1988 through 2001. Among a total of 992,727 live births, 1332 children with CL(P) were born during this period. Results and Conclusions The birth prevalence of CL(P) in Denmark has previously been found to be constant in the period 1962 through 1987, with a frequency of 1.4 to 1.5 per 1000 live births. This study showed a similar occurrence in 1988 through 2001 (birth prevalence = 1.44 per 1000 live births, 95% confidence interval = 1.37 to 1.52). The introduction of folic acid and the decrease in smoking prevalence among pregnant women do not seem to have reduced the birth prevalence. This may be due to noncompliance with the folic acid recommendation and/or only a weak causal association between folic acid and smoking and occurrence of CL(P).

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Folic acid supplements and risk for oral clefts in the newborn: a population-based study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515003013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 114 (9) ◽

pp. 1456-1463 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Trude Gildestad ◽

Tone Bjørge ◽

Stein Emil Vollset ◽

Kari Klungsøyr ◽

Roy Miodini Nilsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

Birth Registry ◽

Oral Clefts ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Live Births ◽

Relative Risks

AbstractResults from previous studies on maternal folic acid intake and infant oral clefts are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between women’s use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements and the risk for oral cleft in the newborn. We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway based on all births in Norway from 1999 to 2013. A total of 528 220 women had 880 568 pregnancies, resulting in 896 674 live births and stillbirths, of which 1623 had oral clefts (isolated oral clefts, n 1311; non-isolated oral clefts, n 312). Altogether, 21·5 % of women were vitamin supplement users before pregnancy. The birth prevalence of oral clefts was 1·81/1000 live births and stillbirths. Relative risks (RR) were estimated with log-binomial regression. For pregnancies with maternal use of vitamins, the adjusted RR for clefts overall was 0·90 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·04). The adjusted RR for cleft palate only (n 586) was 0·84 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·06) and that for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n 1037) was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·13). Associations were stronger for cleft cases that occurred in combination with other malformations (adjusted RR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·88), although vitamin supplements provided no protection against isolated clefts (adjusted RR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·15). In conclusion, our study demonstrates no statistically significant association between vitamin use and isolated oral clefts. However, we found lower risk for oral clefts that occurred in combination with other malformations.

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Analysis of the Prevalence and Incidence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665619886455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 552-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rengifo Reina Herney Alonso ◽

Guarnizo Peralta Stefany Brigetty

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Clefts ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Administrative Records ◽

Live Births ◽

Population Prevalence ◽

The Individual

Objective: To analyze the population prevalence and birth prevalence of oral clefts in Colombia from 2009 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study using information from the National Administrative Records of Colombia. The data came from 2 types of administrative records (Surveillance System and the Individual Registry of Service Provision) and the oral health national survey. Population prevalence and birth prevalence by type of cleft lip and/or cleft (CL/P) ratios were calculated using Poisson distribution for count data and to assess stationary tests on time series (Dickey-Fuller) and (Phillips-Perron) was used. Results: Population prevalence in Colombia was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.21-3.32) and birth prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births (95% CI, 5.67-6.35). Bogotá have the highest population prevalence with CL/P. In the analysis of trends for the prevalence proportion by type of clefts in newborn babies with cleft, it was observed that the highest proportion was for babies with CLP. Cleft lip (CL) has increased from 17.4% in 2014 to 34.2% in 2017, cleft palate (CP) has decreased from 32.9% to 20.2%; and CLP changed from 49.6% to 45.5% in the same period. Conclusions: The population prevalence was 3.27 per 10 000 inhabitants. Births prevalence was 6.0 per 10 000 live births, and Orinoquia and Amazonia have higher rates than the national average. The administrative registers are adequate systems to know the behavior of oral clefts. The CL/P had a nonstationary trend during the period 2014 to 2017.

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Cleft Lip and Palate in Jordan: Birth Prevalence Rate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/03-034.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 609-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

F. Al Omari ◽

I. K. Al-Omari

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Orofacial Clefts ◽

Oral Clefts ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Live Births ◽

Orofacial Clefting ◽

Retrospective Investigation

Objective and Design A retrospective investigation was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Jordanian children born with oral clefts from 1991 to 2001. Setting Hospital surgical records from two main sources were used to identify all children born with orofacial clefting. Information about date of birth, sex, cleft types, and associated major anomalies and syndromes were recorded. Results The overall prevalence rate for live births with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both was 1.39 per 1000 live births. Thirty percent of the clefts identified affected the lip, 22 percent affected the palate, and 48 percent involved the clefts of the lip and palate. In general, higher prevalence rates were found for boys than girls (55% boys versus 45% girls). There was a statistically significant sex difference between the cleft types. Clefts of the isolated palate, however, were more common in girls. Eighteen percent of patients with cleft were associated with major anomalies or syndromes. Conclusions The reported prevalence rate for orofacial clefts among Jordanians is similar to the previously reported prevalence rate in white Caucasians. Results and future recommendations are discussed.

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Birth Prevalence of Oral Clefting in Northern Iran

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/05-183.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 378-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohammad Jafar Golalipour ◽

Arezo Mirfazeli ◽

Naser Behnampour

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Birth Date ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Oral Clefts ◽

Oral Cleft ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Parental Consanguinity ◽

Live Births ◽

Isolated Cleft Palate

Objective: To explore the prevalence of oral clefting in northern Iran. Setting: In the Dezyani hospital 37,951 live births from 1998 through 2003 were screened for oral clefts. Clinical and demographic factors of diagnosed cases, including birth date, ethnicity, type of oral cleft, parental consanguinity, and coexisting anomalies, were recorded for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of oral clefting was 0.97 per 1000 live births. The prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate was 0.60 and 0.37 per 1000, respectively. The prevalence of oral clefting was 1.08 per 1000 male births and 0.86 per 1000 female births. With respect to parental ethnicity, the prevalence of oral clefting was 0.86, 0.88, and 1.47 per 1000 in Fars, Turkman, and Sistani, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral cleft among live births in the Dezyani hospital is similar to that reported in the previous studies for Iran and whites.

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts and the Influence of Consanguinity

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.38.3.bm4m2158v17p2535 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 241-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NM Alamoudi ◽

H J Sabbagh ◽

NPT Innes ◽

D El Derwi ◽

AZ Hanno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Orofacial Cleft ◽

Prospective Surveillance ◽

Orofacial Clefts ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Live Births ◽

Jeddah City ◽

The Relationship

The Objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and describe the characteristics of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and examine the influence of consanguinity. Study Design: Six hospitals were selected to represent Jeddah's five municipal districts. New born infants with NSOFC born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 were clinically examined and their number compared to the total number of infants born in these hospitals to calculate the prevalence of NSOFC types and sub-phenotypes. Referred Infants were included for the purpose of studying NSOFC characteristics and their relationship to consanguinity. Information on NSOFC infants was gathered through parents’ interviews, infants’ files and patient examinations. Results: Prospective surveillance of births resulted in identifying 37 NSOFC infants born between 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2011 giving a birth prevalence of 0.80/1000 living births. The total infants seen, including referred cases, were 79 children. Consanguinity among parents of cleft palate (CP) cases was statistically higher than that among cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) patients (P=0.039). Although there appears to be a trend in the relationship between consanguinity and severity of CL/P sub-phenotype, it was not statistically significant (P= 0.248). Conclusions: Birth prevalence of NSOFC in Jeddah City was 0.8/1000 live births with CL/P: 0.68/1000 and CP: 0.13/1000. Both figures were low compared to the global birth prevalence (NSOFC: 1.25/1000, CL/P: 0.94/1000 and CP: 0.31/1000 live births). Consanguineous parents were statistically higher among CP cases than among other NSOFC phenotypes.

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Asian Oral-Facial Cleft Birth Prevalence

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/05-167 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 580-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Margaret E. Cooper ◽

Jessica S. Ratay ◽

Mary L. Marazita

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Live Birth ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Population Based ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Live Births ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Apparent Reason

Objective: To determine the clefting birth prevalence among Asian populations, specifically Chinese and Japanese, using raw counts from nonoverlapping published studies of Asian populations, and to investigate whether Asian clefting rates have been interpreted accurately as being up to twice the Caucasian rate. Design: A literature review of articles giving raw counts of clefting in Asian populations, primarily Japanese and Chinese. Main Outcome Measures: Where possible, clefts were identified by the patients’ ethnicity, country of origin, cleft type, syndromic status, and birth status. Results: Prevalence rates of cleft lip with or without cleft palate per 1000 live births are reported. Syndromic plus nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.30; Japanese, 1.34; Other Asian, 1.47; and total, 1.33. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.20; Japanese, 1.18; Other Asian, 1.22; and total, 1.19. Conclusions: Overall, Chinese and Japanese live birth prevalence rates for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, based on the published reports of birth prevalence, are significantly lower than the oft-quoted rate of 2 per 1000 for Asians. The apparent reason for the discrepancy is that many published prevalence rates included all pregnancies (live births plus pregnancy losses) and do not distinguish between syndromic and nonsyndromic clefts or between cleft palate alone and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. These results demonstrate that it is extremely important for current population-based studies of clefts to include careful delineation of population groups, syndromes, cleft type, and birth status.

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MOTIVASI IBU HAMIL DALAM MENGKONSUMSI MAKANAN YANG MENGANDUNG ASAM FOLAT DI DESA KEBONAGUNG KECAMATAN PORONG KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.47560/kep.v4i1.189 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

Lida Khalimatus Sa’diya

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Folic Acid Deficiency ◽

Data Editing ◽

Low Weight ◽

Acid Deficiency ◽

Study Population ◽

The Village

Folic acid is very important especially in the early days of pregnancy, because at that time the nervous system of a baby is being formed. Folic acid deficiency causes babies born with cleft lip, babies born with low weight, down's syndrome, and miscarriage. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation of pregnant women to consume folic acid in the Village Kebonagung Porong Sidoarjo. This research is a descriptive study. Population in this study sample of 41 respondents who used as many as 41 respondents drawn with total sampling technique. After the analysis of data collected by the data editing, coding, scoring, tabulating. The results motivate pregnant women to consume folic acid in the Village Kebonagung Porong Sidoarjo in 2013 showed that of the 41 respondents largely motivated weak as many as 20 respondents (48.8%) and the fraction that is strongly motivated by 8 respondents (19.5%) . Weak motivation is manifested in the form of a weak desire to consume folic acid as part of a much-needed nutrients pregnant women in the developing baby. Motivation studies in pregnant women taking folic acid in the Village Kebonagung Porong Sidoarjo in 2013 showed that of the 41 respondents largely motivated weak. That mothers should increase motivation in consuming foods that contain lots of folic acid for the health of the mother and fetus were conceived.

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Ethnic Variation in Oral Cleft Occurrence in Denmark 1981–2002

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/13-140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 677-685

Author(s):

Grete Skøtt Pedersen ◽

Dorthe Almind Pedersen ◽

Laust Hvas Mortensen ◽

Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ◽

Kaare Christensen

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Population Based ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Danish Population ◽

Oral Cleft ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

World Region ◽

Live Births ◽

Medical Birth Register

Objective To examine differences in oral cleft (OC) occurrence based on maternal only and parental country of origin in Denmark from 1981 to 2002. Methods Data on all live births from the Danish Medical Birth Register from 1981 to 2002 were linked with the Danish Facial Cleft Database. Cleft cases were categorized into isolated and nonisolated cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP). Birth prevalence was calculated as cases per 1,000 live born children by maternal country of origin, world region, and mixed parental groups. Results We identified 3094 OC cases among 1,319,426 live births. Danish-born women had an OC birth prevalence of 2.38 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.29–2.47) and foreign-born women a significant lower prevalence of 2.01 (CI, 1.77–2.27). This difference was explained by a lower isolated CL/P birth prevalence among foreign-born women of 0.97 (CI, 0.81–1.16) versus 1.35 (CI, 1.28–1.41). No significant differences were seen for the remaining subtypes. Parents with the same foreign country of origin had a lower overall OC (1.63; CI, 1.35–1.94) and isolated CL/P (0.76; CI, 0.57–0.99) birth prevalence than Danish-born parents. This was not the case for any of the mixed parental groups. Overall and subtype prevalence rates varied according to maternal categories of world region. Conclusion In this study we found differences in OC occurrence among all live births in the Danish population based on maternal country of origin from 1981 to 2002. Danish-born women had higher OC and isolated CL/P birth prevalence compared with foreign-born women.

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Folate and Clefts of the Lip and Palate—A U.K.-Based Case-Control Study: Part I: Dietary and Supplemental Folate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/06-150.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 420-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Little ◽

M. Gilmour ◽

P. A. Mossey ◽

D. FitzPatrick ◽

A. Cardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Oral Clefts ◽

Dietary Folate ◽

Regression Methods ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Control Study

Objectives: We sought to determine the associations between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL−P) and cleft palate only (CP) and maternal intake of dietary folate and supplemental folic acid, in an area where the prevalence at birth of neural tube defects has been high and flour is not fortified with folic acid. Methods: Interviews regarding periconceptional dietary intake and supplement use were completed with the mothers of 112 CL−P cases, 78 CP cases, and 248 unaffected infants. The data were analyzed by logistic regression methods. Results: There was no overall association between CL−P and CP and either energy-adjusted total folate intake or supplemental folic acid use, irrespective of dosage. Conclusion: Overall, higher intakes of total folate do not appear to prevent oral clefts in this population.

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Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Northern Ireland (1981 to 2000)

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/06-045.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T. A. Gregg ◽

A. G. Leonard ◽

C. Hayden ◽

K. E. Howard ◽

C. F. Coyle

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Population Based ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Sex Distribution ◽

Orofacial Clefts ◽

Birth Prevalence ◽

Live Births ◽

The Past

Objective: The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Northern Ireland (NI) was last reported for 1980 through 1990. This study was undertaken to update the prevalence of CL/P in NI for the 20-year period 1981 to 2000, to determine the pattern of prevalence, and to report the proportion of different cleft types and sex distribution. Design: Retrospective, population-based analysis. Patients/participants: All live born children with CL/P in NI from 1981 to 2000 were included. A total of 750 cases were identified. Resident births outside NI, stillbirths, abortuses, and children born with atypical orofacial clefts were excluded. Those with syndromes and submucous clefts were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of children born with CL/P within NI for the period 1981 to 2000 was 1.47 per 1000 live births, or 1:682. This was consistent with the findings reported by other U.K. studies. There were no significant changes in the prevalence rates over any 5-year period. No significant seasonality trends were noted. Clefts of the palate only were always in the majority. More boys than girls were affected by cleft lip with or without cleft palate. There was a significant left-sided predilection for unilateral clefting of the lip. Conclusions: There have been no significant changes in the birth prevalence of children born with CL/P or the distribution or laterality of cleft type in the NI population during the past 20 years.

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