Triopia: Craniofacial Malformation with Prosencephalic Duplication

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-345
Author(s):  
Eric J. Stelnicki ◽  
Jeffrey L. Marsh ◽  
Thomas A. Woolsey ◽  
Benjamin Chee Ping Lee ◽  
Michael J. Noetzel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Craniofacial Malformation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

A case of ocular duplication with complex craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies is described. The anomaly is termed triopia because the child's most overt and distinguishing feature was three eyes: the left orbit contained two globes with independent ocular adnexa; the right orbit contained one normal appearing and functioning globe. Computer assisted medical imaging was used to define, in vivo, the intra- and extracranial soft and hard tissue anomalies: the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the ocular duplication was also duplicated. Possible bases for this anomaly include duplication of primordia for the eye and secondary prosencephalon.

A conserved location for the central nervous system control of mating behaviour in gastropod molluscs: evidence from a terrestrial snail

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Koene ◽  
R.F. Jansen ◽  
A. Ter Maat ◽  
R. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
System Control ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Snail Helix Aspersa

We have investigated the role of the right mesocerebrum in the expression of mating behaviour in the garden snail Helix aspersa. Using an in vivo stimulation and recording technique, we provide evidence for both sensory and motor functions in the mesocerebral neuronal population. Some neurones were specifically sensitive to tactile stimuli delivered to the skin on the superior tentacles and around the genital pore. Electrical stimulation of the right mesocerebrum evoked genital eversion and, in combination with tactile stimulation, dart-shooting and penial eversion. Genital eversions were also elicited by injections of APGWamide. During courtship, one recorded unit increased its activity only in correlation with penial eversion, while six other units increased their activity only during dart-shooting. Three additional units increased their activity during both types of behaviour. In addition, most of the recorded units showed increased neuronal activity during times of contact with a partner. Comparison of our results with available data from other molluscs leads us to conclude that the right anteromedial region of the cerebral ganglion is an evolutionarily conserved region of the gastropod brain specialised for the control of male mating behaviour. It is striking to find such functional conservation in the central nervous system of phylogenetically distant gastropods given the large differences in behaviour during mating.

Regeneration of excitatory, inhibitory and biphasic synaptic connections made by a snail giant interneuron

1985 ◽  
Vol 226 (1243) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
The Right ◽  
P Cells ◽  
Synaptic Responses ◽  
In Cells

The ability of the giant Lymnaea interneuron , R. Pe. D. 1, to regenerate central synaptic connections after axonal section was examined in an in vivo preparation. This cell normally makes monosynaptic excitatory, inhibitory or biphasic chemical synaptic connections with about 40 identifiable cells in the snail central nervous system. Regenerated synaptic responses occurred first after three days in cells most proximal to the site of axonal section and in more distal locations after four days. After six days cells in both locations were reliably reconnected. The responses only occurred on cells normally postsynaptic to R. Pe. D. 1 and were of the right type in particular cells. At first all three types of synaptic responses were weak but progressive strengthening of the response occurred in all cell types so by day 33 all cell types were showing unitary responses with similar waveforms, latencies and summation properties to the undamaged cell. The earliest unitary response (eight days in the Agp b. p. s. p. cells) occurred in the smallest cells. Two other types of regenerated synaptic connections also occurred in the same preparations. Transitional changes in the type of spike activity shown by R. Pe. D. 1 occurred so instead of single spiking, bursting occurred consistently in cells from snails 3-12 days postoperative.

Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S64
Author(s):  
G. Hajjaj ◽  
A. Bahlouli ◽  
M. Tajani ◽  
K. Alaoui ◽  
Y. Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

Fetal Central Nervous System Anomalies According to RT-PCR and Trimester of Maternal Infection with ZIKV. A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Ángela Gutiérrez-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Hernán Becerra-Mojica ◽  
Mario Augusto Rojas ◽  
Luis Alfonso Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Luis Alfonso Pérez-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

Virtual ultrasound embryo autopsy – myth or reality? Part 1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Blinov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Central Nervous System Defects

A review of literature data on the study of human embryos using new methods of medical imaging is given. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis of severe central nervous system defects has been demonstrated already in the embryonic period at 8–10 weeks of gestation or at the age of 16 to 23 stages of the embryonic development period

scholarly journals Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Han-Seung Shin ◽  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Food Species ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) associated with choroidal melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluisio Rosa Gameiro Filho ◽  
Guilherme Sturzeneker ◽  
Ever Ernesto Caso Rodriguez ◽  
André Maia ◽  
Melina Correia Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Serous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Pancreatic Metastasis ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background To report a case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with a history of choroidal melanoma, with metastases to the pancreas, liver, and central nervous system. Case presentation A 63-year-old patient, with a history of enucleation of the right eye due to choroidal melanoma, complained of progressive visual loss during a follow-up visit. Fundoscopic examination revealed multiple small areas of serous retinal detachment scattered throughout the posterior pole and ancillary tests confirmed the diagnosis of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM). Screening for systemic metastases showed pancreatic, hepatic, and central nervous system involvement. Conclusions We describe a rare case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy, which should be considered in patients with or without a history of melanoma, who have vitelliform retinal detachments. Nevertheless, no previous reviews of literature have shown a correlation between AEPPVM and pancreatic metastasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document