Spectral Analysis of Prespeech Sounds (Spontaneous Cries) in Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP): A Pilot Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Wermke ◽  
Christine Hauser ◽  
Gerda Komposch ◽  
Angelika Stellzig
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Status

Objective: The objectives of the present study were: (1) to analyze the cry features of infants with cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by means of spectral analysis, (2) to describe changes of the acoustic parameters from birth until 9 months of age, and (3) to compare these data with existing cry data of infants without cleft (control group). Design: The study was designed on a interdisciplinary, prospective, and longitudinal basis. Setting: Interdisciplinary study: (1) Institute of Anthropology at the Humboldt-University, Berlin; (2) Heidelberg University Hospital: Interdisciplinary Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center. Patients and Method: The cry parameters of five patients with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolar ridge, and hard and soft palate were analyzed from birth to 9 months of age. The patients were treated with the same protocol. At the age of 24 months, sensomotor development was assessed using the KIPHARD test. Perceptual judgment of speech, performed after 36 months of life, included nasal resonance, nasal emission of air, articulation disorders, and speech intelligibility. Main Outcome Measure: The cry parameters of fundamental frequency (F0), pitch period perturbation quotient (PPQ), and cry duration (Tsam) were analyzed. Results: Contrary to the expectation that laryngeal parameters are not affected by vocal tract malformations, differences of cry parameters were found between the patients with UCLP and the noncleft group. Particularly, the F0 and its short-time variability (PPQ) were affected. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study showed that F0 and PPQ of spontaneous cries are influenced in patients with UCLP, and a cry analysis might become a noninvasive tool for early detection of an at-risk status for neuromuscular development and prediction of an at-risk status for later speech and language acquisition in infants with cleft lip and palate. Future research strategies are outlined.

Nasal Airflow Patterns during the Velopharyngeal Closing Phase in Speech in Children with and without Cleft Palate

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Dotevall ◽  
Hasse Ejnell ◽  
Björn Bake
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: (1) To study the nasal airflow patterns during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech produced by children with and without cleft palate. (2) To compare the nasal airflow patterns in bilabial, dental, and velar articulation in these children. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children with cleft palate referred for routine speech evaluation and controls. Setting: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Participants: Seventeen children with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate only and 22 controls aged 7 and 10 years. Method: Nasal airflow was transduced with a pneumotachograph attached to a nose mask and registered together with the acoustic speech signal. Sentences containing nasal-to-stop combinations in bilabial, dental, and velar articulatory positions were used. Main Outcomes Measures: The duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow, the maximum flow declination rate, and the nasal airflow at selected points in time during the transition from nasal-to-stop consonants. Results: In the cleft palate group, duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow was clearly longer than among the controls (p < .0001). The declination of airflow was slower (p < .006) and the rate of nasal airflow at the release of the stop consonant was higher (p < .004) in the cleft palate group. Differences between bilabial versus dental and velar articulation were found in the control group. Conclusion: Studies of the temporal and dynamic characteristics of the nasal airflow variations during speech appear potentially useful for the assessment of velopharyngeal function.

Voice Quality in Adults Treated for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114
Author(s):  
Staffan Morén ◽  
Per Åke Lindestad ◽  
Mats Holmström ◽  
Maria Mani
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess voice quality among adults treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), after one- or two-stage palate closure, and compare it to a noncleft control group. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of patients with UCLP with long-term follow-up and noncleft controls. Participants: Patients with UCLP born between 1960 and 1987, treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were examined (n = 73) at a mean of 35 years after primary surgery. Forty-seven (64%) patients had been treated with 1-stage palate closure and 26 with 2-stage closure (36%). The noncleft control group consisted of 63 age-matched volunteers. Main Outcome Measures: Ratings of perceptual voice characteristics from blinded voice recordings with Swedish Voice Evaluation Approach method. Acoustic voice analysis including pitch and spectral measures. Results: Among the patients, the mean values for the 12 evaluated variables on a visual analog scale (0 = no abnormality, 100 = maximal abnormality) ranged between 0.1 and 17, and the mean for all was 6 mm. Voice variables were similar between patients and controls, except the total mean of all the perceptual voice variables, as well as “vocal fry”; both slightly lower among patients ( P = .018 and P = .009). There was no difference in any variable between patients treated with 1-stage and 2-stage palate closure. No clear relationship was found between velopharyngeal insufficiency and dysphonia. Conclusions: The voice characteristics among adults treated for UCLP in childhood are not different from those of individuals without cleft.

Maxillary Arch Dimensions in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate from Birth until Four Years of Age in Boys

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki L.W.M. Heidbuchel ◽  
Anne M. Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
Gem J.C. Kramer ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Anterior Arch ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
The University ◽  
Maxillary Arch

Objective To describe the development of maxillary arch dimensions in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) during the first 4 years of life and to compare it with that in noncleft children. Design This was a retrospective, mixed-longitudinal study. Setting The study was conducted at the Cleft Palate Center of the University Hospital of Nijmegen. Subjects The sample consisted of 26 boys with BCLP who were born between 1976 and 1990 and treated at the University Hospital of Nijmegen. Data for a control group of 34 noncleft boys were collected at the University Hospital of Amsterdam. Method Palatal arch dimensions were digitized on dental casts. A comparison between BCLP and noncleft dimensions was made at fixed time intervals. Results At birth, anterior and posterior arch widths as well as arch depths were significantly larger in children with BCLP. After 7 months (lip closure), anterior arch width and arch depth diminished considerably in the cleft group. After 12 months (palatoplasty), a slight decrease in posterior arch width was observed, and arch depths showed slight catch-up growth. At 4 years of age, anterior arch width was significantly narrower and anterior arch depth was shorter in children with BCLP than in control subjects. Posterior arch width was significantly wider. Conclusions During the first 4 years of life, maxillary arch dimensions in children with BCLP show a unique development that is significantly different from that in noncleft children.

Speech in Adults Treated for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Long-Term Follow-Up after One- or Two-Stage Palate Repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Morén ◽  
Maria Mani ◽  
Stålhammar Lilian ◽  
Per Åke Lindestad ◽  
Mats Holmström
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Objective To evaluate speech in adults treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate with one-stage or two-stage palate closure and compare the speech of the patients with that of a noncleft control group. Design Cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up. Participants/Setting All unilateral cleft lip and palate patients born from 1960 to 1987 and treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were invited (n = 109). Participation rate was 67% (n = 73) at a mean of 35 years after primary surgery. Forty-seven had been treated according to one-stage palate closure and 26 according to two-stage palate closure. Pharyngeal flap surgery had been performed in 11 of the 73 patients (15%). The noncleft control group consisted of 63 age-matched volunteers. Main Outcome Measure(s) Speech-language pathologists rated perceptual speech characteristics from blinded audio recordings. Results Among patients, seven (10%) presented with hypernasality, 12 (16%) had audible nasal emission and/or nasal turbulence, five (7%) had consonant production errors, one (2%) had glottal reinforcements/substitutions, and one (2%) had reduced intelligibility. Controls had no audible signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency and no quantifiable problems with the other speech production variables. No significant differences were identified between patients treated with one-stage and two-stage palate closure for any of the variables. Conclusions The prevalence of speech outcome indicative of velopharyngeal insufficiency among adult patients treated for unilateral cleft lip and palate was low but higher compared with individuals without cleft. Whether palatal closure is performed in one or two stages does not seem to affect the speech outcome at a mean age of 35 years.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Sudanese Children Treated for Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562098769
Author(s):  
Mecheala Abbas Ali ◽  
Alwaleed Fadul Nasir ◽  
Shaza K. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective: This study compared the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL±P) and a group of their peers. The reliability of the Arabic version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (COHIP) was also assessed. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings: Cleft clinic in a private dental college in Omdurman City, Sudan. Patients: In all, 75 children (mean age 11.3 ± 2.5 years) with a history of CL±P and a group of 150 school children without CL±P (mean age 11.4 ± 2.6 years). Main Outcome Measures: Overall and subscale scores on the Arabic version of the COHIP. Results: Test–retest reliability of COHIP in Arabic was high with an interclass correlation coefficient >0.8. Cronbach α value internal consistency was 0.8 for the total scale and between 0.7 and 0.8 for the subscales. The COHIP score was 89.41 ± 19.97 in children with CL±P and 122.82 ± 9.45 for the control group. Children with CL±P had significantly lower scores on the overall and all subscales when compared to children without CL±P ( P ≤ .001). Among the children with CL±P, there were no statistically significant differences on the COHIP based on age and/or gender ( P ≥ .05). Conclusions: Children with CL±P had a relatively high OHRQoL, which was lower than that of their peers without CL±P in both the overall scale and all subscales. Gender and age differences had no significant impact on the OHRQoL. The COHIP Arabic version showed appropriate reliability.

Perceptual Speech Outcomes After Early Primary Palatal Repair in Ugandan Patients With Cleft Palate

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562098024
Author(s):  
Kim Bettens ◽  
Laura Bruneel ◽  
Cassandra Alighieri ◽  
Daniel Sseremba ◽  
Duncan Musasizib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Normal Speech

Objective: To provide speech outcomes of English-speaking Ugandan patients with a cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L). Design: Prospective case–control study. Setting: Referral hospital for patients with cleft lip and palate in Uganda. Participants: Twenty-four English-speaking Ugandan children with a CP±L (15 boys, 9 girls, mean 8.4 years) who received palatal closure prior to 6 months of age and an age- and gender-matched control group of Ugandan children without cleft palate. Interventions: Comparison of speech outcomes of the patient and control group. Main Outcome Measures: Perceptual speech outcomes including articulation, resonance, speech understandability and acceptability, and velopharyngeal composite score (VPC-sum). Information regarding speech therapy, fistula rate, and secondary surgery. Results: Normal speech understandability was observed in 42% of the patients, and 38% were judged with normal speech acceptability. Only 16% showed compensatory articulation. Acceptable resonance was found in 71%, and 75% of the patients were judged perceptually to present with competent velopharyngeal function based on the VPC-sum. Additional speech intervention was recommended in 25% of the patients. Statistically significant differences for all these variables were still observed with the control children ( P < .05). Conclusions: Overall, acceptable speech outcomes were found after early primary palatal closure. Comparable or even better results were found in comparison with international benchmarks, especially regarding the presence of compensatory articulation. Whether this approach is transferable to Western countries is the subject for further research.

Comparison of Dental Caries Prevalence in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Their Sibling Controls

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al-Dajani
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients with cleft lip and/or palate and their cleft-free sibling controls. Methods: The two subject groups (patient and control) comprised 106 participants. The former group consisted of 53 patients with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 12 to 29 years, who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital at Damascus University of Syria. The control group consisted of the patients’ siblings who had no clefts, and they were sex matched to the patient group. Dental caries were examined clinically and were reported using the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. The DMFT scores were compared between the two groups. Results: The author found an overall association of dental caries with the presence of cleft lip and/or palate (odds ratio  =  2.52; 95% confidence interval  =  1.389–4.574; p < .05). The DMFT index scores were proportionally higher in patients with cleft lip and/or palate compared with the control group (p < .001). Conclusion: Subjects with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to dental caries independently of socioeconomic status.

Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Does Infantile Size of the Premaxilla Predetermine Outcome?

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Liao ◽  
Chiung-Shing Huang ◽  
Ya-Yu Tsai ◽  
M. Samuel Noordhoff
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Dental Cast ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

Objective To evaluate the possible association between the size of the premaxilla in infants and craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) and identify the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia (MFD). Design Retrospective study. Setting A university hospital craniofacial center. Subjects Thirty-four patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 24 boys and 10 girls, had large premaxilla (LP group). Thirty-six patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 16 boys and 20 girls, had small premaxilla (SP group). Thirteen CBCLP patients with MFD, five boys and eight girls (MFD group). Main Outcome Measures Infant maxillary dental cast at the age of 1 year was used to measure the size of the premaxilla. Cephalometric analysis was used to determine craniofacial morphology in children at the age of 5 years. Results The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP varied greatly. The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla and a more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation. The opposite phenomena were observed in the MFD group; the SP group yielded results between those of the LP and the MFD groups. Conclusion The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP can be used to predetermine subsequent craniofacial morphology at the age of 5 years. Children with nonsyndromic CBCLP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those of children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF SNP C677T OF THE GENE MTHFR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL ISOLATED CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
V. S. Uchaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Vasiliev ◽  
A. S. Gracheva ◽  
O. V. Gulenko ◽  
I. G. Udina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Congenital Cleft ◽  
The Impact

Aim. This research was designed to conduct an associative population genetic study for the consideration of the impact of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR in the congenital maxillofacial developmental anomalies (CMDA): congenital cleft lip (CCL), congenital cleft palate (CCP), congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in the Krasnodar territory. The aim of the study is to establish the associations between SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR and the development of congenital cleft lip and/ or palate.Materials and methods. In this research, the peculiarities of distribution of SNP C667T of the gene MTHFR in children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate (n=223) and their mothers (n=78) in comparison with the control group (n=124) were studied in the Krasnodar territory. The genetic demographic questionnaires were gathered for children with CMDA, the information about diagnosis was obtained from the medical records. The biological samples, including blood or scrapings of oral mucosa, were collected from children with the pathology and their mothers. The DNA was extracted from the samples by the standard method. The study of the peculiarities of distribution of alleles of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR was performed by PCR-PFLP with endonuclease Hinf I or by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method in children with CCL, CCP, CCLP, their mothers and the control group. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by the algorithms of the “Statistica” program.Results. While comparing the profiles of frequencies of SNP C677T in children with CCL, CCP and CCLP with the control group, there were identified no significant differences in the frequency of this SNP and no peculiarities of genotypes distribution. There was identified a significant difference in the peculiarities of genotypes distribution with the control group (G=19,5232, d.f.=1, p<0,001) as well as united genotypes (С/C и С/T) in accordance to T/T (G=10,4657, d.f.=1; p<0,001) and united genotypes (C/T и T/T) in accordance to C/C (G=15,1896, d.f.=1, p<0,001) for the mothers of children with CCL, CCP and CCLP.Conclusion. As a result of the study, we established the association of SNP C677T of the MTHFR gene with the development of congenital cleft lip and/or palate: mothers’ T/T genotype is associated with the increased risk of giving birth to a child with CCL, CCP and CCLP (in comparison with mothers with C/C+C/T genotype): odds ratio [OR]=16,63, 95% CI: 3,86-71,71; p=0,0003 and also for mothers with genotypes (C/T+T/T) in comparison with mothers with genotypes C/C: OR=3,22, CI:1,71-6,08; p=0,0002. The amount of risk is not significant in children with CMDA for T/T genotype. So it is possible to make a conclusion about the impact of C677T of the gene MTHFR in the development of CCL, CCP and CCLP only in mother’s genotype. 

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