Evaluation of Herbicides for Weed Control in Chicory (Cichorium intybus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
John A. Smith ◽  
C. Dean Yonts
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Chicory Root

Field trials were conducted in 1995 through 2002 to expand the development of chicory by determining the potential for tank mixtures of benefin, trifluralin, or pronamide applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and triflusulfuron methyl or imazamox postemergence (POST) for selective weed control in chicory. Lack of early-season weed control resulted in an 88% reduction in chicory root yield in 1995 to 1996 and an 85% reduction in 2001 to 2002 and demonstrated the susceptibility of chicory plants to early-season weed competition. In the first experiment, pronamide at 1.1 kg ai/ha PPI plus benefin at 1.3 kg ai/ha or trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha were selective for chicory and controlled weed populations 90% on average with root yields that were 89% of the hand-weeded treatment. Triflusulfuron methyl POST at 17 g/ha caused early-season chicory injury. In the second experiment, trifluralin PPI at 0.56 kg/ha followed by imazamox POST at 36 g/ha controlled weeds 95% on average with a chicory root yield of 74 t/ha, which was 109% of the yield of the hand-weeded treatment.

Herbicide Performance in Rice (Oryza sativa) under Three Flooding Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Richard ◽  
Joe E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Principal Advantage

A 3-yr study was conducted to compare the performance of several herbicides applied alone and in mixtures under three flooding conditions in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Labelle’). When the soil remained moist during the 2-week unflooded periods (1979 and 1981), weed emergence was slowed and no advantage with respect to enhanced weed control and increased rice yields could be demonstrated over that of the standard sequential propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) application. However, in 1980 when drought stress may have reduced initial postemergence activity and weeds emerged during the 14-day unflooded periods, differences in weed control between herbicides were obtained. Results of this study also indicate that yield losses from weed competition resulted primarily from early season competition, and that the principal advantage of the residual herbicides in dry-seeded rice may be to eliminate the need for retreatment with propanil when flooding is delayed or fields are drained.

Early-Season Weed Control Using Herbicides with Adjuvants in Direct-Seeded Onion

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Early-season weed competition may cause substantial yield losses in onion. Oxyfluorfen and bromoxynil are POST herbicide options for weed control once onion has developed two leaves, which often takes 4 to 6 wk. Multiple applications of oxyfluorfen at 35 and 18 g ai ha−1and bromoxynil at 35 and 18 g ae ha−1with adjuvants were evaluated for onion safety and weed control under controlled greenhouse conditions. Oxyfluorfen at 35 g ha−1plus organosilicone surfactant caused 42% onion injury at 12 d after three sequential applications. Onion treated with bromoxynil at 18 g ha−1plus high surfactant oil concentrate had lower fresh weight (0.7 g) compared to methylated seed oil (MSO) (1.2 g) or petroleum oil concentrate (POC) (1.3 g) at the same bromoxynil rate. The addition of nonionic surfactant to bromoxynil, averaged across bromoxynil rates, provided 17 and 39% control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters, respectively. Redroot pigweed control with oxyfluorfen at 35 or 18 g ha−1plus any tested adjuvant was excellent (≥ 93%). Results suggested the use of POC or MSO with either oxyfluorfen or bromoxynil for subsequent field trials because of similar common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed control and onion safety.

Multiple Applications of Reduced-Rate Herbicides for Weed Control in Onion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Reduced Rate

Field experiments were conducted at Oakes, Absaraka, and Tappen, ND, in 2006 and repeated at Oakes and Absaraka, ND, in 2007 to evaluate early season weed control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed in onion with POST herbicides applied at multiple reduced rates (microrates) and to determine whether microrate herbicide treatments effectively reduced early season broadleaf weed competition, caused crop injury, or affected yield. Application rates of bromoxynil, oxyfluorfen, metribuzin, and acifluorfen were reduced to 0.25, 0.13, and 0.06× of their lowest labeled rate and applied in sequential applications (every 7 d) either two or three times. The 0.25× rate of bromoxynil (70.1 g ae/ha) provided the greatest control of common lambsquarters (95%). The 0.25× rates of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen (70.1 g ai/ha) provided the greatest control of redroot pigweed (93 and 85%, respectively). Microrate applications of metribuzin or acifluorfen did not effectively control common lambsquarters or redroot pigweed. In 2006, no onion injury was observed. However, in 2007, applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in approximately 15% injury, regardless of the herbicide rate or the number of applications. Plants outgrew symptoms by 4 wk after treatment and were similar to the untreated plants. Onion treated with oxyfluorfen had the greatest total yield, followed by onion treated with bromoxynil. Onion treated with acifluorfen had a greater total marketable bulb yield than onion treated with metribuzin, but yield was considered poor compared to the other herbicide treatments. Three microrate applications provided greater weed control and increased yield compared with two applications across herbicides and rates. Results suggest that microrate applications of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen will provide early season broadleaf weed control in onion.

Competitiveness with Weeds of Soybean Cultivars with Different Maturity and Canopy Width Characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn E. Nordby ◽  
Dustin L. Alderks ◽  
Emerson D. Nafziger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Maturity Date

Field studies were conducted in 2005 at five locations throughout Illinois to determine the effect of maturity date and canopy width characteristics of selected glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars on competitive ability against weeds. Natural weed populations at all sites were allowed to compete with the soybean cultivars until the V1, V3, V5, or V7 growth stage and then removed with an application of glyphosate. Light-interception readings, weed control ratings, and soybean yield were all measured to compare cultivars. Cultivars of later maturities tended to withstand early season weed competition better and attained higher yields when weeds were removed at later timings than those of earlier maturity. Although canopy width differed moderately among cultivars in some cases, canopy width had no effect on the ability of soybeans to compete with weeds. Thus, choosing soybean cultivars of later maturity might provide more flexibility in weed management and might reduce losses due to weeds, but that benefit needs to be balanced with yield potential.

Comparison of Standard and Reduced Production Inputs on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Barry L. Freeman ◽  
Bobby E. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Production Strategy ◽  
Stand Height ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field trials were conducted from 1991 to 1993 in the northern cotton-producing area of Alabama to evaluate the interaction of various production inputs for pest management and cotton development, maturity, and yield. Two levels of tillage (conventional and no-till), herbicide (1.12 and 2.24 kg ai ha−1fluometuron, preemergence, with post-directed herbicides), insecticide (0.5 and 0.85 kg ai ha−1aldicarb, in-furrow), and fungicide (0.9 kg ai ha−1quintozene plus ethridazole, in-furrow or 0.14 kg ai ha−1metalaxyl, hopper-box) programs were evaluated. The inputs investigated did not interact significantly to change the overall production strategy. Prickly sida required a higher level of herbicide input than did the entireleaf/ivyleaf morningglory complex. Both species were sufficiently controlled using reduced levels of fluometuron without sacrificing yield; however, cultivation was necessary in conventional tillage treatments to maintain control. A postemergence-directed herbicide treatment was also necessary for weed control, regardless of tillage. Decreasing the levels of each input simultaneously did not interact to affect cotton stand, height, early-season thrips counts, cotton maturity, or yield. Cotton was shorter in no-till than conventional plots.

Early season weed control in onions

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
J.J.C. Scheffer ◽  
G.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Season

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

scholarly journals Herbicide Evaluation for Sweet Potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lii-Chyuan Liu ◽  
Edwin Acevedo-Borrero ◽  
F. H. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rate Controlled

Two herbicide experiments were carried out in 1980 to evaluate Alachor and Metribuzin alone or combined for weed control in sweet potato cultivar Miguela at the Isabela and Fortuna Substations, Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate controlled effectively both broadleaf weeds and grasses. A minimum rate of 6.73 kg ai/ha of Alachor was needed for acceptable weed control. Metribuzin at the 1.12 kg al/ha rate in combination with Alachor at the 3.36 kg ai/ha rate provided the best weed control. There was no visible herbicide injury to sweet potato plants at the Isabela Substation. Moderate crop injury as a consequence of Metribuzin application at 2.24 kg ai/ha was apparent at the Fortuna Substation. The highest tuber yield was obtained with Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha in combination with Alachor at 3.36 kg ai/ha at both Substations. Metribuzin at 1.12 kg ai/ha rate alone or in combination with any other herbicide also produced good tuber yield. Sweet potatoes with standard herbicide treatments, Diphenamid and Chloramben, yielded poorly because of weed competition.

Alternatives to Atrazine for Weed Management in Processing Sweet Corn

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeyde Filiz Arslan ◽  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Roger Becker ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
R. Ed Peachey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Production Areas

Atrazine has been the most widely used herbicide in North American processing sweet corn for decades; however, increased restrictions in recent years have reduced or eliminated atrazine use in certain production areas. The objective of this study was to identify the best stakeholder-derived weed management alternatives to atrazine in processing sweet corn. In field trials throughout the major production areas of processing sweet corn, including three states over 4 yr, 12 atrazine-free weed management treatments were compared to three standard atrazine-containing treatments and a weed-free check. Treatments varied with respect to herbicide mode of action, herbicide application timing, and interrow cultivation. All treatments included a PRE application of dimethenamid. No single weed species occurred across all sites; however, weeds observed in two or more sites included common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, morningglory species, velvetleaf, and wild-proso millet. Standard treatments containing both atrazine and mesotrione POST provided the most efficacious weed control among treatments and resulted in crop yields comparable to the weed-free check, thus demonstrating the value of atrazine in sweet corn production systems. Timely interrow cultivation in atrazine-free treatments did not consistently improve weed control. Only two atrazine-free treatments consistently resulted in weed control and crop yield comparable to standard treatments with atrazine POST: treatments with tembotrione POST either with or without interrow cultivation. Additional atrazine-free treatments with topramezone applied POST worked well in Oregon where small-seeded weed species were prevalent. This work demonstrates that certain atrazine-free weed management systems, based on input from the sweet corn growers and processors who would adopt this technology, are comparable in performance to standard atrazine-containing weed management systems.

Evaluating the EPA's Comparative Product Performance Testing Guidelines for Herbicides in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Marija Arsenovic ◽  
Jonathan J. Kirkwyland ◽  
Russell W. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Product Comparison

Following suggested guidelines developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), comparative snap bean herbicide performance field trials were conducted from 1993 to 1995 in New York. Data were obtained on crop injury, weed control, and weed biomass, and crop yield, quality, and losses during harvest. Trifluralin, EPTC, and pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and applications of metolachlor applied preemergence (PRE) provided less than adequate control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy galinsoga. Cultivation improved weed control with PPI and PRE applications. Metolachlor + fomesafen PRE provided good control of hairy galinsoga, adequate redroot pigweed control, and marginal control of common lambsquarters. Fomesafen applied postemergence (POST), combinations of metolachlor applied PRE with fomesafen or bentazon applied POST, and fomesafen + bentazon applied POST adequately controlled the three weed species without cultivation. Herbicide treatments had little measurable impact on snap bean quality or losses during harvest. Information from product comparison trials may be useful in developing recommendations for growers but may prove less than adequate in providing data necessary for a thorough evaluation of the relative benefits of individual herbicides as intended by EPA guidelines. Difficulties were encountered in following the guidelines, and costs of conducting the product comparison trials for a single crop in one growing region exceeded $90,000 over 3 yr.

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