Evaluation of Rapid Screening Techniques for Woody Plant Herbicide Development

Woody plant herbicide screening techniques were evaluated to expedite the screening process and decrease amounts of herbicide active ingredient required. Rapid greenhouse screening of woody plant seedlings was performed in less than 6 months, and rapid seed screening was performed in less than 20 days. A traditional field screen, requiring 10 months from application to final evaluation, was performed for comparison and regression modeling purposes. Imazapyr and triclopyr were used as test chemicals and linear regressions were generated to predict traditional field screen results from rapid screens. Significant regressions were produced that predicted field responses of loblolly pine, sweetgum, and yellow-poplar with the use of both herbicides and either rapid screening technique. This indicated that rapid screening techniques could determine herbicide efficacy and/or species spectrum in much less time with significantly less herbicide. Rapid greenhouse screens of triclopyr produced more statistically significant regressions than those using imazapyr. Rapid seed screens could estimate species spectrum within 5 days after treatment. These results indicate that rapid greenhouse screen and rapid seed screen techniques can provide woody plant herbicide developers initial efficacy and spectrum of control data in a cost- and-time effective manner.

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Novel Regeneration Approach for Creating Reusable FO-SPR Probes with NTA Surface Chemistry

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11010186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Jia-Huan Qu ◽

Karen Leirs ◽

Remei Escudero ◽

Žiga Strmšek ◽

Roman Jerala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Chemistry ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽

Antibody Fragments ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Red Fluorescent Protein ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Surface Regeneration ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

To date, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been exploited in numerous different contexts while continuously pushing boundaries in terms of improved sensitivity, specificity, portability and reusability. The latter has attracted attention as a viable alternative to disposable biosensors, also offering prospects for rapid screening of biomolecules or biomolecular interactions. In this context here, we developed an approach to successfully regenerate a fiber-optic (FO)-SPR surface when utilizing cobalt (II)-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) surface chemistry. To achieve this, we tested multiple regeneration conditions that can disrupt the NTA chelate on a surface fully saturated with His6-tagged antibody fragments (scFv-33H1F7) over ten regeneration cycles. The best surface regeneration was obtained when combining 100 mM EDTA, 500 mM imidazole and 0.5% SDS at pH 8.0 for 1 min with shaking at 150 rpm followed by washing with 0.5 M NaOH for 3 min. The true versatility of the established approach was proven by regenerating the NTA surface for ten cycles with three other model system bioreceptors, different in their size and structure: His6-tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike fragment (receptor binding domain, RBD), a red fluorescent protein (RFP) and protein origami carrying 4 RFPs (Tet12SN-RRRR). Enabling the removal of His6-tagged bioreceptors from NTA surfaces in a fast and cost-effective manner can have broad applications, spanning from the development of biosensors and various biopharmaceutical analyses to the synthesis of novel biomaterials.

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Rapid screening techniques for mutagenicity evaluation using microbial indicator cells combined with mammalian activation fractions

Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects ◽

10.1016/0165-1161(75)90104-1 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 310-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U. Weekes ◽

J. Williams ◽

P. Butler ◽

G. Roy ◽

D. Brusick

Keyword(s):

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening Techniques

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Rapid Screening Techniques for Lipoxygenases in Soybean Seeds

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200030049x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 820-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Earl G. Hammond ◽

Daniel N. Duvick ◽

Walter R. Fehr ◽

David F. Hildebrand ◽

Eugene C. Lacefield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapid Screening ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Screening Techniques

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Absorption and translocation of [14C]glyphosate in four woody plant species

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x92-107 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 785-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas H. Green ◽

Patrick J. Minogue ◽

Charles H. Brewer ◽

Glenn R. Glover ◽

Dean H. Gjerstad

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Herbicide Tolerance ◽

Woody Species ◽

Red Maple ◽

White Oak ◽

Foliar Absorption

Absorption and translocation patterns of radio-labelled glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) were examined in four species of woody plants to determine mechanisms of herbicide tolerance in species common to the southeastern United States. Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) and yaupon (Ilexvomitoria (L.) Ait.), both tolerant to the herbicide, absorbed significantly less glyphosate than did red maple (Acerrubrum L.) or white oak (Quercusalba L.), indicating the importance of foliar absorption as a barrier to glyphosate entry. Although herbicide absorption was similar between the sensitive white oak and the tolerant red maple, white oak accumulated more glyphosate in the roots than did red maple, indicating that translocation patterns also contribute significantly to glyphosate tolerance in some woody species.

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Rapid Screening of Pharmaceuticals by Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analysis of Essential Drugs by Visual Methods

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/78.1.41 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Allen S Kenyon ◽

Paul E Flinn ◽

Thomas P Layloff

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Visual Methods ◽

Screening Process ◽

Standard Dosage ◽

Essential Drugs ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method for rapidly screening pharmaceuticals by thin-layer chromatography has been designed for use in areas with limited resources and by operators with limited training. An apparatus for performing the analysis in a plastic bag under equilibrium conditions was designed. Results can be reproduced by different operators and in different locations. The analysis can be performed without electricity or in a remote area, away from a laboratory. It is especially suited for field use in developing countries. The method is low cost, maintenance-free, fast, and reliable; it also uses limited volumes of solvents. The analyses can be performed without weighing if reference materials can be supplied in tablet form, provided the drug content is listed and only one unit is required for each analysis. All procedures were developed for the analysis of drugs from a partial list of essential drugs established by the World Health Organization. Three drugs were selected and prepared in the form of reference tablets. Comparisons with the analyses of the drugs in standard dosage forms were made by using reference tablets and primary USP standards. Comparable results were obtained, proving that the screening process can be conducted by using reference tablets and without weighing either the sample or the reference. The method has been successfully demonstrated and used in Swaziland, by high school teachers in the United States, and by personnel from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. Personnel can be trained in a short time to perform screening analysis of drugs.

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Directed Foliar Sprays of Forestry Herbicides for Loblolly Pine Release

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/14.4.199 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Growing Season ◽

Red Oak ◽

Red Maple ◽

Yellow Poplar ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

Crown Volume ◽

Hardwood Species ◽

Water Oak ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Six herbicides were compared as directed foliar sprays applied in May, July, and September on seven hardwood species and on loblolly pine. Equal-cost mixtures that met or exceeded minimum labeled rates were tested for Weedone 2,4- DP, Gadon 4, Garlon 3A, Arsenal Applicator Concentrate, Roundup, Escort, and Roundup + Escort. Test hardwoods were sweetgum, southern red oak, water oak, red maple, pignut hickory, dogwood, and yellow poplar. Crown volume reduction and rootstock reduction after one growing season were the main indicators of efficacy. Using directed sprays, yellow poplar was the easiest species to control, and pignut hickory was the most difficult. Control of sweetgum was most effective with Weedone, Arsenal, and Roundup. For control of oaks, the most effective applications were in July with Arsenal, Garlon 4 and 3A, and Roundup; but these and other hardwood species tended to refoliate 2 years after Arsenal treatment. Herbicide safety to loblolly pine was best with Arsenal and Escort, while injury was greatest with Roundup and Garlon 3A, which might have potential use in precommercial thinnings. South. J. Appl. For 14(4):199-206.

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Evaluation of Cyclosaplin Efficacy Using a Silk Based 3D Tumor Model

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9040123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abheepsa Mishra ◽

Sourav K Mukhopadhyay ◽

Satyahari Dey

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Mass ◽

3D Culture ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Tumor Model ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening Process ◽

3D Microenvironment ◽

Anti Cancer

Development of novel anti-cancer peptides requires a rapid screening process which can be accelerated by using appropriate in vitro tumor models. Breast carcinoma tissue is a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, which contains a hypoxic center surrounded by dense proliferative tissue. Biochemical clues provided by such a 3D cell mass cannot be recapitulated in conventional 2D culture systems. In this experiment, we evaluate the efficacy of the sandalwood peptide, cyclosaplin, on an established in vitro 3D silk breast cancer model using the invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line. The anti-proliferative effect of the peptide on the 3D silk tumor model is monitored by alamarBlue assay, with conventional 2D culture as control. The proliferation rate, glucose consumed, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity of human breast cancer cells are higher in 3D constructs compared to 2D. A higher concentration of drug is required to achieve 50% cell death in 3D culture than in 2D culture. The cyclosaplin treated MDA-MB-231 cells showed a significant decrease in MMP-9 activity in 3D constructs. Microscopic analysis revealed the formation of cell clusters evenly distributed in the scaffolds. The drug treated cells were less in number, smaller and showed unusual morphology. Overall, these findings indicate the role of cyclosaplin as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic.

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Eleventh-Year Results of Fertilization, Herbaceous, and Woody Plant Control in a Loblolly Pine Plantation

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/14.4.173 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

James D. Haywood ◽

Allan E. Tiarks

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Pine Plantation ◽

Stand Volume ◽

Fine Sandy Loam ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Plant Control

Abstract Through 11 years, fertilization at planting significantly increased the stemwood volume (outside bark) per loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on an intensively prepared moderately well-drained fine sandy loam site in northern Louisiana. Four years of herbaceous plant control significantly increased pine survival, and because herbaceous plant control increased survival, it resulted in a significant increase in total stand volume. Woody plant control no longer produced significant results by age 11. South. J. Appl. For. 14(4):173-177.

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