Impact of Preceding Crop and Cultural Practices on Rye Growth in Winter Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Impact

Improving crop vigor can suppress growth of weeds present in the crop. This study examined the impact of preceding crop and cultural practices on rye growth in winter wheat. Preceding crops were soybean, spring wheat, and an oat/dry pea mixture. Two cultural treatments in winter wheat were also compared, referred to as conventional and competitive canopies. The competitive canopy differed from the conventional in that the seeding rate was 67% higher and starter fertilizer was banded with the seed. The study was conducted at Brookings, SD. Rye seed and biomass production differed fourfold among treatments, with winter wheat following oat/pea being most suppressive of rye growth. Rye produced 63 seeds/plant in winter wheat with a competitive canopy that followed oat/pea, contrasting with 273 seeds/plant in conventional winter wheat following spring wheat. Yield loss in winter wheat due to rye interference increased with rye biomass, but winter wheat was more tolerant of rye interference following oat/pea compared with the other preceding crops. Regression analysis indicated that winter wheat yield loss at the same rye biomass was threefold higher following spring wheat or soybean compared with oat/pea as a preceding crop. Winter wheat competitiveness and tolerance to rye can be improved by increasing the seeding rate, using a starter fertilizer, and growing winter wheat after an oat/pea mixture.

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

Japanese Bindweed (Calystegia hederacea) Abundance and Response to Winter Wheat Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Fertilization in the North China Plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Menegat ◽  
Ortrud Jäck ◽  
Jinwei Zhang ◽  
Kathrin Kleinknecht ◽  
Bettina U. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Japanese bindweed was found to be one of the most abundant and most difficult-to-control weed species during a 2-yr weed survey in more than 100 winter wheat fields in the North China Plain region. Multivariate data analysis showed that Japanese bindweed is most abundant at sites with comparative low nitrogen (N) fertilization intensities and low crop densities. To gain deeper insights into the biology of Japanese bindweed under various N fertilization intensities, winter wheat seeding rates, herbicide treatments, and their interactions, a 2-yr field experiment was performed. In nonfertilized plots, a herbicide efficacy (based on density reduction) of 22% for 2,4-D, and of 25% for tribenuron-methyl was found. The maximum herbicide efficacy in Nmin-fertilized plots (target N value based on expected crop yield minus soil mineral nitrogen content,) was 32% for 2,4-D and 34% for tribenuron-methyl. In plots fertilized according to the farmer's practices, a maximum herbicide efficacy of 72% for 2,4-D and of 64% for tribenuron-methyl could be observed. Furthermore, medium and high seeding rates improved the herbicide efficacy by at least 39% for tribenuron-methyl and 44% for 2,4-D compared to the low seeding rate. Winter wheat yield was not significantly affected by seeding rate itself, whereas at low and medium seeding rates, Nminfertilization was decreasing winter wheat yield significantly compared to the farmer's usual fertilization practice. At the highest seeding rate, Nminfertilization resulted in equal yields compared to the farmer's practices of fertilization.

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Potential Yield Loss of Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The U.S

Climatic variation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) affects epidemics of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Previous models only estimated disease severity at the flowering stage, which may not predict the actual yield loss. To identify weather factors correlated to stripe rust epidemics and develop models for predicting potential yield loss, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using weather parameters and historical yield loss data from 1993 to 2007 for winter wheat and 1995 to 2007 for spring wheat. Among 1,376 weather variables, 54 were correlated to yield loss of winter wheat and 18 to yield loss of spring wheat. Among the seasons, winter temperature variables were more highly correlated to wheat yield loss than the other seasons. The sum of daily temperatures and accumulated negative degree days of February were more highly correlated to winter wheat yield loss than the other monthly winter variables. In addition, the number of winter rainfall days was found correlated with yield loss. Six yield loss models were selected for each of winter and spring wheats based on their better correlation coefficients, time of weather data availability during the crop season, and better performance in validation tests. Compared with previous models, the new system of using a series of the selected models has advantages that should make it more suitable for forecasting and managing stripe rust in the major wheat growing areas in the U.S. PNW, where the weather conditions have become more favorable to stripe rust.

Volunteer Barley Interference in Spring Wheat Grown in a Zero-Tillage System

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Jason Cathcart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
The Impact

There is no published information on the impact of volunteer barley on wheat yield loss or on the economics of controlling barley with a herbicide. With the registration of imazamox-resistant wheat, it is now possible to control volunteer barley in wheat. Thus, the likelihood of growing wheat in rotation with barley may increase. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 at Beaverlodge, Lacombe, and Edmonton, AB, Canada, and Saskatoon, SK, Canada, to determine the impact of volunteer barley on yield of imazamox-resistant spring wheat seeded at relatively low (100 kg ha−1) and high (175 kg ha−1) rates. Barley was seeded at different densities to simulate volunteer barley infestations. Regression analysis indicated that wheat-plant density influenced the effects of volunteer barley interference on wheat yield loss, economic threshold values, and volunteer barley fecundity among locations and years. Economic thresholds varied from as few volunteer barley plants as 3 m−2at Beaverlodge in 2003 and 2004 to 48 m−2at Lacombe in 2003. In most cases, wheat yield loss and volunteer barley fecundity were lower and economic thresholds were higher when wheat was seeded at the higher rate. For example, averaged over both years at Beaverlodge initial slope values (percentage of wheat yield loss at low barley density) were 4.5 and 1.7%, and economic threshold values of volunteer barley plants were 3 m−2and 8 m−2at low and high wheat seeding rates, respectively. Results indicate that volunteer barley can be highly competitive in wheat, but yield losses and wheat seed contamination due to volunteer barley can be alleviated by seeding wheat at a relatively high rate.

Effects of row spacing, seeding rate and seed-placed phosphorus on root diseases of spring wheat and barley under zero tillage

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
Daryl Domitruk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Take All

Changes in tillage and other agronomic practices have shown benefits of increased grain yield for many crops, but these changes may alter the micro-environment resulting in changes to populations of disease-causing agents and other micro-organisms. This study examined the effects of row spacing (10, 20, 30 cm), seeding rate (54, 108, 161 kg ha−1 for barley; 67, 134, 202 kg ha−1 for spring wheat) and seed-placed phosphorus (0, 8, 16 kg ha−1) on root diseases in spring wheat and barley using a zero-tillage production system in four environments. Root rot severity was assessed by visual ratings and the causal agents were identified. Analyses of variance indicated significant differences in root rot severity and the incidence of some causal agents for the main treatment effects (i.e. row spacing, seeding rate, seed-placed phosphorus) and no significant interactions between locations, years, and cultural practices. Contrasts of treatment means showed that higher rates of seeding decreased root rot severity and the incidence of Fusarium in wheat but these effects were small (less than 6%). The higher rates of monoammonium phosphate fertilizer reduced root rot severity in barley by 7% and the incidence of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat by greater than 40%. Wider row spacings showed a small reduction of 6% in root rot severity in wheat but mostly had no effect on root diseases. Wheat yields were negatively associated with root rot severity in three of four environments. Fertility, root rot severity, and seeding rate had the greatest impact on wheat yield. Root diseases did not affect barley yields. Therefore, the use of wider row spacings and higher seeding rates with zero tillage practices will not lead to adverse effects on root diseases in wheat and barley. Phosphorus fertilizer should be used to reduce losses resulting from take-all disease in wheat. Key words: Zero tillage, cultural practices, common root rot, take-all, cereals

Risk assessment model of drought-caused winter wheat yield loss and its applications in Henan province

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Liu ◽  
Shuanghe Shen ◽  
Zixi Zhu ◽  
Wenying Kang ◽  
Wensong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

scholarly journals Identifying the impact of multi-hazards on crop yield—A case for heat stress and dry stress on winter wheat yield in northern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Pin Wang ◽  
Xiao Song ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Optimization of factors of managing productive processes of winter wheat in the Forest-steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
M. M. Marenych ◽  
V. F. Kaminsky ◽  
C. Yu. Bulygin ◽  
V. V. Hanhur ◽  
I. V. Korotkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the impact of complex preparations, containing humic, fulvic and ulmic acids in combination with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, on winter wheat yield. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. The impact of herbicides with different active substances and their mixtures with humic preparations Humifi eld and Foliar concentrate on weed infestation and productivity of Kryzhynka winter variety was investigated. It was determined that the application of herbicide Prima (400 g/ha) and the mixture of preparations Triger (25 g/ha) + Tomigan (0.5 l/ha) in combination with humic preparation Humifi eld in the dose of 200 g/ha had practically no impact on the crop productivity. A considerable increase in the yield, for instance, by 15.6–20.3 %, was observed in case of spraying the fi elds with the same preparation forms of herbicides in the tank mixture with humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The application of humates in combination with nitrogen fertilizers with the purpose of optimizing the nutrition system for winter wheat via their introduction superfi cially and by spraying the leaf-stem mass of plants was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of the growth regulator 5R SoilBoost in the amount of 11 kg/ha in the mixture with 200 kg/ha of ammonia nitrate led to the increase of productivity for Smuhlianka and Slavna varieties by 11.2 and 8.5 % respectively, and double foliar application of 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in the mixture with ammonia nitrate – by 15.5 %. The maximal increase in productivity by 20–23 % was obtained after combined application of humic stimulators 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) on the background of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha of physical weight). The effi ciency of foliar fertilization for wheat fi elds of Kubus and Mulan varieties using the mixtures of humates and carbamide-ammonia mixture in different phases of crop development was analyzed. The application of such combinations also promoted the productivity increase by 10.0–21.4 %. Conclusions. The increase in productivity of Kryzhynka winter wheat variety by 0.64–0.84 t/ha was determined after spraying crop fi elds with the tank mixture of herbicides and humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The effi ciency of optimizing the nutrition system of plants via separate or combined application of humic preparations, in particular, granulated 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha), superfi cially, and 4R Foliar concentrate (2 kg/ha+2 kg/ ha) in case of foliar fertilization for fi elds in different phases of crop development on the background of early spring introduction of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha) to frozen-thawed soil was proven. The increase in wheat productivity was observed in all variants of applying these mixtures. However, the maximal increase in the winter wheat yield was obtained due to the fertilization technology, envisaging the use of humates 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate on the background of ammonia nitrate. There was a noted increase in grain productivity of winter wheat varieties Kubus and Mulan by 0.50–0.94 and 0.41–1.08 t/ha respectively in case of superfi cial introduction of humic preparation 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and foliar fertilization of wheat fi elds with 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in combination with carbamide-ammonia mixture (200 + 100 kg/ha).

Comparison of Spring Wheat and Barley with Winter Wheat: Yield Components in Ontario 1

1974 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Stoskopf ◽  
R. K. Nathaniel ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield
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