Pyroxsulam Compared with Competitive Standards for Efficacy in Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Mark M. Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Almost All

Field studies at six locations over 3 yr in Kansas compared pyroxsulam at two application timings to competitive standards for winter annual weed control in winter wheat. Pyroxsulam applied fall-POST (FP) controlled downy brome 84 to 99% and was similar to or greater than sulfosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, or propoxycarbazone plus mesosulfuron. Downy brome control was lower when application timing was delayed until spring (SP), such that no herbicide provided more than 90% downy brome control. Cheat control was 97% or more with almost all herbicides applied FP, and greater than 90% in most locations when herbicides were applied SP. Sulfosulfuron was the exception with only 30 to 81% cheat control. All FP-applied herbicides, except sulfosulfuron at Manhattan, KS, controlled blue mustard 95% or more. Pyroxsulam and propoxycarbazone plus mesosulfuron FP completely controlled henbit at Hesston, KS, in 2009, but no herbicide treatment provided more than 60% control when applied SP. Averaged over application timings, pyroxsulam provided the greatest henbit control (76 and 78%) at Manhattan and Hays, respectively, in 2009, and FP treatments were 33 and 28 percentage points more effective than SP treatments at those locations. Averaged over application timing, wheat yields did not differ between herbicide treatments in five of six locations. Averaged over herbicide treatment, FP-treated wheat yielded more grain than SP-treated wheat at three of the six locations.

Cropping Systems to Control Winter Annual Grasses in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
David D. Baltensperger
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye

Field studies were conducted from 1990 through 1997 to evaluate the long-term effect of 2- and 3-yr rotations on the control of downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and feral rye in winter wheat. At the completion of the study, jointed goatgrass and feral rye densities averaged 8 plants/m2and < 0.1 plant/m2for the 2- and 3-yr rotations, respectively. Downy brome densities averaged < 0.5 plant/m2for both the 2- and 3-yr rotations, with no treatment differences observed. Winter annual grasses were not eradicated after two cycles of the 3-yr rotations, but weed densities were reduced 10-fold compared to densities after one cycle and more than 100-fold compared with the 2-yr rotations. Wheat grain contamination with dockage and foreign material followed a similar trend. The 3-yr rotations were economically competitive with 2-yr rotations and provided superior control of the winter annual grass weeds.

Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn as Affected by Preemergence Herbicide and Timing of Postemergence Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Parker ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Or Applications

Field studies were conducted at three locations during both 2002 and 2003 to evaluate weed control and response of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn to glyphosate or nicosulfuron plus atrazine applied POST at three application timings with and without alachlor plus atrazine applied PRE. The POST herbicides were applied timely (5- to 9-cm weeds) or applications were delayed 1 or 2 wk. All treatments, except the weedy check, were followed by glyphosate postemergence-directed (PDIR) 4 wk after the timely POST application. Common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, and smooth pigweed were controlled at least 94% regardless of PRE or POST treatments. Large crabgrass and fall panicum were controlled at least 96% by glyphosate regardless of PRE herbicide or POST application timing. In contrast, control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine POST in the absence of PRE herbicide decreased as application was delayed. Sicklepod was controlled at least 94% when POST herbicides were applied timely, but control by both POST herbicide treatments decreased with delayed application regardless of PRE herbicide. Tall morningglory was controlled 93% or greater by POST herbicides applied timely. Control by both POST herbicide treatments decreased as application was delayed, with glyphosate being affected more by timing than nicosulfuron plus atrazine. Corn grain yield was similar with glyphosate and nicosulfuron plus atrazine. Yield was unaffected by POST application timing when PRE herbicides were included. Without PRE herbicide, grain yield decreased as POST herbicide application was delayed.

Preemergence Herbicides plus Postemergence Chloroxuron on Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Parochetti ◽  
R. W. Feeny ◽  
S. R. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted with 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron). Tolerant soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) and susceptible tall morningglory(Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth.) and ivyleaf morningglory(I. hederacea(L.) Jacq.) were studied with both root and foliar chloroxuron applications. Soybean tolerance to chloroxuron was reduced when treatments occurred in the unifoliate stage; greatest soybean tolerance was noted when soybeans were treated in either the cotyledonary or third trifoliage stage. Tall and ivyleaf morningglory were susceptible to chloroxuron until about 21 days of age (five true leaves), after which resistance increased. Root applications of chloroxuron were more phytotoxic than foliar applications for soybeans and both species of morningglory. In a 3-year study in the field, the following sequential herbicide treatments of either α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), 4-(methylsulfonyl-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin),S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamte (vernolate), or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) applied preemergence plus chloroxuron postemergence resulted in higher soybean yields than any single herbicide treatment. Weed control was better with the sequential combinations. All sequential combinations with chloroxuron caused soybean injury. Greatest soybean injury occurred when chloroxuron was applied in the first and second trifoliate stage than in the third trifoliate stage. Vernolate alone caused some injury in certain years.

Sugarcane Tolerance and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control with Paraquat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ellis ◽  
Patrick A. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year

Paraquat applied from mid-February through early April over 2 yr was evaluated for sugarcane tolerance and Italian ryegrass control. Sugarcane 31 cm tall at application was injured 16 to 25% and 8 to 14% 28 and 56 d, respectively, after mid-March application of paraquat at 0.35 or 0.70 kg ai/ha. Early-April application to 61-cm-tall sugarcane caused 13 to 25% injury. The observed injury was not reflected in reduced sugarcane shoot population or height or sugarcane or sugar yield when compared with diuron, the standard herbicide treatment. Italian ryegrass control 28 d after the mid-February application of paraquat alone at 0.53 or 0.70 kg/ha was variable, ranging from 80% in 1994 to no more than 66% in 1995. For each year, diuron at 3.2 kg/ha in combination with both rates of paraquat increased Italian ryegrass control 28 d after the mid-February application 11 to 17 percentage points. At 56 d after the mid-February application, addition of diuron proved beneficial only in 1994 when the paraquat and diuron combinations controlled ryegrass 93% compared with no more than 62% for paraquat applied alone. In contrast, Italian ryegrass was controlled the second year no more than 80% 56 d after the mid-February application of paraquat alone or with diuron. Paraquat applied at 0.70 kg/ha with diuron in mid-March controlled Italian ryegrass 80 and 86% 28 d after treatment in 1994 and 1995, respectively. For the standard herbicides metribuzin, terbacil, and diuron applied in mid-March, weed control was no greater than 38%. Although differences in Italian ryegrass control among herbicide treatments were observed, efficacy was sufficient to reduce weed competition such that sugarcane growth and yield were not negatively affected.

Weed Control in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) with Clomazone

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Gary W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1989 to determine the feasibility of using clomazone in a winter wheat-corn-fallow rotation. Clomazone at 1.1 kg ai/ha did not control emerged downy brome in autumn nor did it control redroot pigweed and tumble pigweed that emerged after a spring application of paraquat at 0.6 kg ai/ha. However, clomazone plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha provided weed control in winter wheat stubble from October to corn harvest 12 mo later. Corn yields from this treatment were equal to or greater than the conventional practice of applying atrazine plus glyphosate at 2.2 plus 0.4 kg ae/ha in the fall followed by a spring application of metolachlor plus dicamba at 2.8 ai plus 0.3 kg ae/ha. When kochia densities were high, clomazone plus atrazine controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than metolachlor plus dicamba. Atrazine at 2.2 kg/ha applied in autumn followed by clomazone at 0.8 kg/ha in April generally caused more corn injury than when the same rate of clomazone was applied in autumn with the atrazine. The percent of bleached corn plants varied with planter, year, time of application, and rate of clomazone applied. The optimum time to apply clomazone at 0.6 kg/ha was in autumn with atrazine. This treatment caused some corn bleaching but produced the highest corn yield over 3 yr. In a dry autumn and spring, less clomazone injury occurred with a planter equipped with row cleaners than those without. The injury pattern associated with planters was inconsistent when precipitation was average and no injury occurred in a wet autumn and spring.

Timing of Chlorimuron and Imazaquin Application for Weed Control in No-Till Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boyd Carey ◽  
Michael S. Defelice
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of herbicide application timing on weed control in no-till soybean production. Row spacing generally had no effect on weed control. Herbicide treatments containing chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied as many as 45 days prior to planting in 1988 and 1989 controlled broadleaf weeds throughout the growing season. Imazaquin applied 45 and 30 days prior to planting provided poor control of common cocklebur in 1989. Giant foxtail control was inconsistent with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields subsequent to early preplant herbicide applications were greater than or equal to those in which applications were made at planting when late-season weed control was adequate. Herbicides applied preemergence did not control high densities of common lambsquarters in 1989.

Influence of Residual Herbicides on Rate of Paraquat and Glyphosate in Stale Seedbed Soybean (Glycine max)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lanie ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Control Tank

Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control with paraquat and glyphosate applied at various rates alone and in combination with residual herbicides. Morningglory, prickly sida, and hemp sesbania control 28 d after treatment was similar regardless of herbicide treatment. In contrast, barnyardgrass control when paraquat was tank mixed with pendimethalin plus imazaquin was equal to that of paraquat alone but less than that for tank mixtures with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin. Barnyardgrass control and soybean yield when paraquat was applied at 1050 g ai/ha in combination with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin was greater than when the same residual herbicide treatments were applied with paraquat at 350 g/ha. Yield following glyphosate at 840 and 1120 g ai/ha in combination with residual herbicides was no greater than when glyphosate was applied alone, which was reflective of barnyardgrass control. Tank mixtures of glyphosate at 1680 g/ha with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin resulted in soybean yield higher than for glyphosate alone. Regardless of the glyphosate and residual herbicide combination, soybean yield was no greater than when paraquat was applied at 350 g/ha in combination with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron.

Weed Control in Established Dryland Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check

Fall-applied herbicides were evaluated in field studies conducted in 1978 through 1980 in western Nebraska for selective weed control in nonirrigated, established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Ranger’). All herbicides effectively controlled downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.). Broadleaf weeds were differentially controlled by the herbicides tested. All herbicide treatments increased forage production and protein content over that produced in the untreated check. Increasing the rate of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] above amounts needed for effective weed control caused an increase in the protein content of alfalfa forage above that resulting from normal use rates.

Effect of No-till Systems on Weed Control and Yields of Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Cleary ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds

Experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1982 to determine whether selected herbicide treatments applied before or after harvest would provide adequate weed control without the use of tillage between crops in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) production systems. of the herbicide treatments evaluated, only oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) at 2.2 kg ai/ha applied prior to wheat maturity adequately controlled summer annual weeds each year. Populations of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and/or clammy groundcherry (Physalis heterophyllaNees) increased from continued preharvest use of oryzalin in no-till treatments and were greater than those resulting from conventional tillage or various postharvest no-till treatments containing glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. After 4 yr, populations of winter annualCruciferaespp. at one location were lower in treatments that had poorer control of summer annual weeds or volunteer wheat. At a second location, winter annual broadleaf species were more numerous in conventionally tilled than in no-till treatments. Wheat yields obtained with no-till treatments were lower than yields obtained with conventional tillage in seasons favorable for high yields.

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield Response to Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Annual

Selected herbicide treatments from 25 winter annual broadleaf weed control experiments conducted across Oklahoma from 1979 to 1993 were examined for winter wheat yield response to weed control. All experiments contained one or two of the same three weeds (henbit, bushy wallflower, or cutleaf eveningprimrose) as the primary target(s). Herbicide treatments included chlorsulfuron at 8.8 or 17.6 g ai/ha, and/or 2,4-D at 420 g ae/ha, all broadcast POST to wheat. Most herbicide treatments controlled the weeds, but increased wheat grain yield at only one site, wherein bushy wallflower density was 830/m2. Correlation analysis found no relationship between weed densities and wheat yield when chlorsulfuron at 8.8 g/ha was applied for henbit or moderate levels of bushy wallflower or cutleaf eveningprimrose. There was a significant positive relationship favoring spraying of bushy wallflower when the correlation analysis included data from one site with a density of 830 plants/m2.

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